Huang Fusong (?) -195), literally. A native of Chaona County,Anding Commandery (present-day Pengyang, Ningxia), he was a famous general at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Emperor Fusong was born as a shogun. His father, Huang Fujie, was the Taishou of Yanmen Commandery," and his uncle Huang Fugui was a famous general of the Eastern Han Dynasty, along with Zhang Yi and Duan Jie, who was known as Liangzhou Sanming. Born in such a family, Emperor Fusong was naturally influenced by his family, so he had great ambitions at a young age, and wanted to make great contributions to the imperial court, and it was best to be able to seal the wolf like huo fuyi, the general of the Western Han Dynasty. According to the Book of the Later Han Dynasty, "Song rarely had Wen Wu Zhijie, good poems, books, and bow horses. ”
He was initially prosecuted as a filial piety and a maocai official.
Note: "Filial piety" is the selection of people with high moral character, a system of the Han Dynasty that selects talents from the bottom up to become officials, and filial piety is one of the main subjects of the inspection system. Officials born of filial piety are even more regarded as the right way and clear stream, and they are highly valued. "Maocai" is actually Xiucai, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, in order to avoid the name of the Guangwu Emperor Liu Xiu, Xiucai was changed to Maocai, and later sometimes called Xiucai Maocai. However, he left his post shortly after the death of his father, and although the grand lieutenant Chen Fan and the general Dou Wu came to ask him to re-establish him as an official, they were all rejected. It was not until Emperor Han Ling personally issued an edict, using the bus to recruit him as a waiter and move him to the position of Northern Taishou, that he returned to the field of vision. As a result, this Taishou seat did not take long, and the great change was steep, which was a huge turmoil for the Han Dynasty, but it was a rare and good opportunity for Emperor Fusong to make a name for himself.
First, calm the Yellow Turban prestige
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the young lords were young and weak, foreign relatives interfered in politics, eunuchs monopolized power, and the party was tyrannical. The struggles above the court intensified, descending layer by layer to affect the local bureaucracy, leading to the collapse of the local bureaucracy under the control of the central government, resulting in the people's livelihood and hunger. From the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang to the uprising of Liu Bang to the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty by Liu Xiu, the son of Heavenly Election, armed rebellions aimed at overthrowing the central government are not new.
The bureaucratic system collapsed, the local bureaucracy was unable to rule over the people in the territory, and they were also hit by natural disasters and earthquakes, and there were many floods in the three prefectures of Ji, Qing, and Xu; locusts were rampant in Yan and Yu prefectures; rice harvests in Jing and Yang prefectures were almost cut off; and Liang'er Prefecture was poisoned by Qiangrong, and the people in various places could not continue their lives, so they could only leave their hometowns and become displaced people.
This image is from the Inspector General of History, and interested parties can check it out
At this time, the local religious doctrine with the "Huang Lao Dao" as the core began to erupt, becoming the main tool for dominating the people's thoughts. The development of the Huanglao School's thought is mainly divided into three major themes: cultivation (self-cultivation, longevity, long-term vision, Dan Dao, etc.), the sutra (political thought, recuperation, inaction, etc.), and the application (technological invention, etc.), based on the metaphysical ontology of the Tao, combined with metaphysical health, alchemy, mathematics, martial arts, strategy, etc., with strong purposefulness and operability. Later, it was divided into two Daoist sects of Jizhou Taiping Dao and Sichuan Wudou Rice Dao.
The seventh year of Hikari, 184 AD (koshi year).
With Zhang Jiao as the core, including the three brothers Zhang Bao and Zhang Liang, they have spread the Taiping Dao in all directions, and the number of believers has reached more than 100,000, and the lands of Youzhou, Jizhou, Qingzhou, Yanzhou, Xuzhou, Yuzhou, Jingzhou, Yangzhou, and Eight Prefectures are all filled with the congregation, and the three brothers Zhang Jiao, Zhang Liang, and Zhang Bao have agreed to revolt together and overthrow the Eastern Han Dynasty. Unexpectedly, Ma Yuanyi, who went to bribe the eunuch, was reported, and Zhang Jiao immediately made a decision, planning for 1 month in advance, and attacking in February of the year of Jiazi.
The Yellow Turban Army shouted the slogan "The sky is dead, the yellow sky is standing, the age is in the armor, the world is auspicious" to launch an uprising, known in history as the "Yellow Turban Rebellion".
The sky is dead, the yellow scarf is standing, the age is in the nails, and the world is auspicious
As ordinary peasants, they did not maintain order, treated the city and the people's ideas well, and more plundered and retaliated, they burned and looted, and everywhere they went was a mess. This uprising has been brewing for many years, and for a time it was unstoppable, the prefectures and counties were lost, the chief officials fled, the world responded, and the Beijing division was shaken.
Emperor Ling of Han hurriedly ordered that additional guards be added at the passes of Hangu, Otani, Guangcheng, Yique, Xuanyuan, Rotary Gate, Mengjin, and Xiaopingjin, and that the Yellow Turban Army should rush into the Beijing Division.
At the same time, the Eastern Han Army officially began to fully deploy:
Southern Route Army: Huang Fusong and Zhu Juan were left and right zhonglang to divide the unified army and go all out to pull out the Yingchuan River
Northern Route Army: Lu Zhi led the five officers of the Northern Army to the north and entered Julu
This image is from the Inspector General of History, and if you are interested, you can check it out
However, the beginning of the war did not go well, and the Right Lieutenant Lang of the Southern Route Army was defeated in the battle of Zhu Juanshou and was defeated by the Yellow Turban Army, and he hastily withdrew his troops and joined forces with Emperor Fusong to garrison Changshe.
Zhu 㒞
Taking advantage of the situation to lead the large army closer, the disparity between the enemy and us, the people's hearts were panicked, and Emperor Fusong comforted his subordinates, saying: "There are strange changes in the soldiers, and they are no longer widowed. Now the thief camps according to the grass, and it is easy to be wind and fire. If they burn in the night, they will be greatly frightened. I sent troops to attack it, and all sides were united, and Tian Dan's merits could be achieved. Sure enough, that night, the fierce wind broke out, Emperor Fusong led his troops out of the city, set fire to the arsonists, and joined forces with Cao Cao, who had rushed to the scene, and took advantage of the situation to attack the Yellow Turban army tent, tens of thousands of Yellow Turban troops were slaughtered miserably, and Bo Caibu was defeated.
Bocai
Huang Fusong, Zhu Juan, and Cao Cao joined forces to break the Yellow Turban Army of Yingchuan, killing tens of thousands of people and winning a complete victory.
Huang Fusong and Zhu Juan took advantage of the situation to pursue, all the way along Runan, Chen Guo, Yang Zhai, the Eastern Han army was invincible, the Yellow Turban Army was hanged all the way, Yingchuan, Runan, Chen Guo three counties Xiping.
The two pushed the entire front to the east and into the Hebei region.
After the army reached Dong County, the yellow turban army general Bu Ji defended at Cangting and was again defeated, the yellow turban army was killed more than 7,000 people, and the commander Bu Ji was also captured.
After that, the army took advantage of the victory to pursue, and soon forced the Yellow Turban Army to retreat, killing Zhang Jiao in August and Zhang Bao in November, and Emperor Fusong put the corpses together and built a Jingguan to show his battle achievements.
Second, it has been repeatedly framed up and down
After pacifying the Yellow Turban Army, Emperor Ling of Han appointed Emperor Fusong as the general of the Left Horse, led the Ji Prefecture Pastor, and enfeoffed the Marquis of Huaili, the tax of the two counties of Huaili and Meiyang, and a total of 8,000 households.
After arriving in office, Emperor Fusong asked jizhou to be exempted from renting a field for one year to support the starving people, and Emperor Ling followed his advice. This greatly reduced the burden on the people, everyone loved the general very much, and the historical records record that at that time, there was such a song praising Emperor Fusong circulating in the streets and alleys at that time: "The world is in chaos and the city is a ruin, the mother does not protect her son, the wife loses her husband, and the emperor is restored to live in peace." ”
Emperor Fusong, who had quelled the Yellow Turban Rebellion, did not go through the whole process. After only four months in Jizhou, Emperor Fusong was sent to Guanzhong to suppress the rebels led by Bian Zhang and Han Sui. This rebel army came from Jincheng County (present-day Gansu and Qinghai junction), which was mixed with many Qiang people and had strong combat effectiveness. They marched eastward, approaching the Sanfu area day by day. The so-called Three Auxiliaries refers to the three administrative districts of Chang'an, the capital of Gongwei established by the Western Han Dynasty, called Jing Zhaoyin, Zuo Fengyi, and Right Fufeng, which were followed by these administrative settings in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Since Sanfu was the site of the tomb of the Western Han Emperor, and Liu Xiu, the founding prince of the Eastern Han Dynasty, believed that his defeat of Wang Mang was a revival of the Han family' world, he had always paid attention to the maintenance of the Western Han Emperor's mausoleum. The Jincheng rebels approached Sansuke, which meant that the royal ancestral tomb was threatened. If the ancestral grave is excavated, it will be a great shame for the emperor. In order to protect sanfu and maintain the face of the imperial court, the emperor thought of Emperor Fusong again. However, the war in Guanzhong did not go well, and it was delayed in achieving breakthrough results.
The dilemma on the front line continued, and Emperor Fusong faced the trap of the court eunuchs Zhao Zhong and Zhang Rang.
At the beginning of the conquest of the Zhang brothers, Emperor Fusong marched through Yecheng, saw that Zhao Zhong's private residence was large and exceeded the rules of etiquette, so he went to the imperial court and confiscated it. Zhang Rang once asked Emperor Fusong for fifty million yuan, but was refused.
Therefore, the two hated Emperor Fusong to the bone. When Emperor Fusong was in Jizhou, because he had just made a great contribution and was very popular with the people, Zhao Zhong and Zhang Rang could not catch his small braids for a while. After he entered Guanzhong to put down the rebellion and could not report victory for several months, Zhao and Zhang quickly realized that the opportunity to vent their anger had come, and complained to Emperor Hanling: "Emperor Fusong is obviously incompetent, it has been several months, and he has wasted so much money from the imperial court, and has made no progress at all." Such incompetent people should be removed from their posts and investigated!" Emperor Ling listened to the eunuch's rumors, and in July 185 ordered Emperor Fusong to return to the dynasty, and also exempted him from the title of general of the Left Horse, demoted him to the title of Marquis of Duxiang, and reduced the tax he enjoyed from the original 8,000 households to 2,000 households.
In just nine months, Emperor Fusong was reduced from a minister who had made the first contribution to the suppression of the Yellow Turban to an incompetent general.
In November of the fifth year of Zhongping (188), the leader of the Liangzhou rebels, The kingdom, besieged Chen Cang, and the rebels were about to reach their doorstep, and Emperor Ling remembered Emperor Fusong at the time of this employment and appointed him as a left general. Dong Zhuo was at this time a subordinate of Emperor Fusong, and he suggested attacking the rebels immediately, showing the prestige of our army and greatly defeating the enemy's vigor, but Emperor Fusong did not accept it.
In the sixth year of Zhongping (189), Emperor Fusong held out for more than eighty days, and the rebels could not attack for a long time, and they were tired and ready to withdraw. Huang Fusong immediately let people chase after him, at this time Dong Zhuo ran to stop it, saying that he was poor and Kou Mo was chasing, but Huang Fusong still did not listen. Since Dong Zhuo was unwilling, he was in charge of the rear of the palace, and Emperor Fusong led his men and horses all the way to break the enemy army and kill more than 10,000 people. Dong Zhuo was both ashamed and regretful, and even more jealous of Emperor Fusong. In the same year, due to the transfer of military power, there was another contradiction between the two, and Dong Zhuo's resentment towards Emperor Fusong was getting deeper and deeper.
Third, can flex and stretch than the wolf
1--When his subordinate Yan Zhong advised him to follow the trend and establish himself, relying on his prestige among the military and the people, he used Jizhou as his base to spread the word to the world, entrusted himself with the name of eunuch, marched into Luoyang, and seized control of the imperial court. Then, under the pretext of the Mandate of Heaven, he could force the emperor to give the throne to the Emperor Fu clan.
However, Emperor Fusong felt very frightened and said, "Extraordinary things must be treated with extraordinary momentum, and the establishment of a new dynasty can not be done by mediocre people?" I have been able to gain some fame in recent years, but only because the target of the battle is the Yellow Turban rabble, not how powerful my own strength is. Although the people of Jizhou have a good impression of me, I have not been here for a long time, and I am afraid that it is impossible for them to fight for me. Besides, everyone in the world knows that the current emperor's surname is Liu, and if I start an incident, I will rebel in name, and heaven will not bless me. I am still loyal to the imperial court, and it is better to abide by the duties of a courtier. Even if someone in the DPRK frames me, at most, it will be disarmed and returned to the field, and I will still have military achievements and popular expectations to pass on to future generations, which I will be very satisfied with. What you said was a great rebellion, and I was afraid when I listened to it. From this dialogue, it can be seen that in the face of Yan Zhong's advice on self-reliance, Huang Fusong did not strictly stop it, but felt that the time was not ripe enough.
2--After Dong Zhuo ascended to the throne, Emperor Fusong garrisoned Fufeng County, Gai Xun plotted with Emperor Fusong to rebel against Dong Zhuo, and Dong Zhuo heard the wind and summoned Emperor Fusong to Beijing. Everyone knew that this was the Hongmen Feast, and everyone advised Emperor Fusong to raise an army to cut down Dong now, but Emperor Fusong again refused and was summoned to Beijing. As soon as Huang Fusong entered Beijing, he was arrested and imprisoned. However, this time it was Dong Zhuo's turn to raise tigers, and he had a friendship with Emperor Fusong's son, so he released Emperor Fusong. In order to win over Emperor Fusong, Dong Zhuo also appointed Emperor Fusong as The Imperial Historian.
Dong Zhuo
Dong Zhuo once interviewed Huang Fusong, and there are many versions of this conversation. The Later Han Shu Huangfu Song Biography records that Dong Zhuo asked Huang Fu Song after he became a hero: "Can you serve wei?" "Emperor Fusong replied, 'An Zhi Ming Gong and even so?' Dong Zhuo smiled and said, "Honghu has inherent long-term ambitions, but Yan Que doesn't know his ears." Emperor Fusong replied, "In the past, he and Ming Gong were honghu, but Ming Gong has become a phoenix ear today." ”
However, the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms and the Biography of Dong Zhuo records that when Dong Zhuo asked Emperor Fusong if he was afraid, Emperor Fusong righteously replied sternly: "Ming Gong assisted the imperial court with virtue, and Daqing Fangzhi, why be afraid?" If the punishment of adultery is successful, will the whole world be feared, will it be alone? ”
The latter record is more in line with the image of Emperor Pu song Zhongyi; but it seems that the former record is more realistic and reasonable, but I think it is private.
In fact, Emperor Fusong was never a loyal subject in the traditional sense, he was not a Zhuge Liang-like figure, otherwise he would not have killed more than 200,000 Yellow Turban Army prisoners. Later, Dong Zhuo was killed, and Emperor Fusong immediately exterminated Dong Zhuo's entire clan, and Dong Zhuo's old mother interceded with Emperor Fusong, who did not say a word. From here, we can also see the cruelty and fierceness of Emperor Pusong, and such a tyrant will not be bored in front of Dong Zhuo.
After Dong Zhuo was reprimanded, Emperor Fusong became the general of Zhenxi and destroyed his clan. In his later years, he successively served as a che riding general, a lieutenant, a guanglu doctor, and a taichang.
In the second year of Xingping (195), he died and was given the title of General of the Hussars. During the reign of Emperor Dezong of Tang, he was ranked as the Sixty-four Generals of the Wucheng King Temple; during the reign of Emperor Huizong of Song, he was ranked as one of the Seventy-two Generals of the Wu Temple.