The "Shuichi Huimeng" was an alliance between the Qin and Zhao states in 279 BC outside the Shuichi West River. During the meeting of Shichi, King Zhaoxiang of Qin deliberately humiliated King Huiwen of Zhao, so he said to King Huiwen of Zhao, "I heard that you like to play Ser, I have Ser here, please play a song for us to hear!" King Zhao Huiwen did not dare to resign, so he had to play a song. At this time, the imperial history of the Qin state came and wrote about this matter in Jane: On a certain day in a certain month of a certain year, the King of Qin and the King of Zhao were having a banquet in Shichi, and the King of Qin ordered the King of Zhao to play a game.
In the view of Lin Xiangru, the chancellor of the State of Zhao, this move by King Zhaoxiang of Qin was a great insult to the State of Zhao, and he was very annoyed in his heart. So he went up to King Zhaoxiang of Qin and said, "King Zhao heard that King Qin was good at instruments of the Qin Kingdom, and I offered a clay pot (clay pot) and asked you to strike the gong to make everyone happy." King Zhaoxiang of Qin was furious and refused to agree. Lin Xiangru found that the other party refused to knock, so he picked up the rope and walked over, kneeling to the King of Qin, but the King of Qin still refused to knock. Lin Xiangru said, "Now I am only five steps away from the Great King, and if the Great King does not agree to my request, within these five steps, I will fight not to have my head, and I will also splash you with neck blood." "It means to die with King Zhaoxiang of Qin."
King Zhaoxiang's bodyguards saw this and prepared to take Lin Xiangru. In this regard, Lin Xiangru's eyes widened, and he loudly drank away the guards of the Qin State, and King Zhaoxiang of Qin had to reluctantly knock on the silk a few times. Lin Xiangru turned back to the imperial history of the Zhao Kingdom and also recorded this matter: On a certain day in a certain month of a certain year, the King of Zhao and the King of Qin met in The Pond, and the King of Zhao ordered the King of Qin to fight for him. From this, it is very obvious that at the meeting of the pond, Lin Xiang was like a tit-for-tat confrontation, which made King Zhaoxiang of Qin very faceless. However, King Zhaoxiang of Qin did not continue to detain King Huiwen of Zhao, as he had originally detained King Huai of Chu. So, the question is, the same is allied with the Qin State, why was King Huai of Chu detained, but King Huiwen of Zhao was able to retreat with his whole body?
One
First of all, Xiong Huai, king of Chuhuai (?) –296 BC), courtesy name Xiong, son of King Wei of Chu, father of King Xiang of Chu, and 37th monarch of the State of Chu during the Warring States period. In the thirtieth year of King Huai of Chu (299 BC), the State of Qin attacked the State of Chu and captured eight cities. King Zhaoxiang of Qin wrote a letter about King Huai of Chu to meet the alliance at Wuguan. When King Huai of Chu saw the letter, he was afraid, fearing that he would be deceived by going to the appointment, and not going to the appointment would anger the Qin state. At this time, Qu Yuan and other ministers advised King Huai of Chu not to go. However, Zilan, the younger son of King Huai of Chu, persuaded King Huai of Chu to go to the appointment on the grounds that he should not destroy relations with the State of Qin. King Huai of Chu eventually went to Wuguan. As a result, the State of Qin ambushed the army in the rear, closed the gate of Wuguan, cut off the way for King Huai of Chu to return to China, and abducted King Huai of Chu to Xianyang.
In this regard, the State of Qin asked the King of Chu to use the etiquette of his vassal states to meet the King of Qin. King Huai of Chu was furious and regretted that he had not listened to Qu Yuan and other ministers. After that, King Zhaoxiang of Qin forced King Huai of Chu to cede Wu County and Qianzhong County, which was strictly rejected by King Huai of Chu. Since then, the State of Qin has detained King Huai of Chu. In this regard, in the author's opinion, the same alliance with the Qin State, the King of Chu Huai did not have any place to offend the King of Qin Zhaoxiang, but he still could not retreat from the whole body, and the reasons were mainly divided into the following points. As far as the first point is concerned, this is obviously because Zhao Guo is strong. As early as 307 BC, King Wuling of Zhao implemented the Hufu Riding Archery in the Zhao Kingdom. After Hufu rode and shot, the combat effectiveness of the Zhao generals was significantly improved, not only eliminating the zhongshan kingdom, which was a major problem, but also defeating the nomadic peoples in the northwest, thus expanding the territory of the Zhao state.
Two
In the fourth year of King Huiwen of Zhao (295 BC), King Wuling of Zhao encountered the Dune Rebellion, he was besieged for three months, did not get food and drink in the palace, and finally starved to death in the Dune Palace, at the age of 45. After his death, the chancellor posthumously honored him as "Wuling", and his descendants honored him as King Wuling of Zhao. By 279 BC, when The Pond was in league, although King Wuling of Zhao had died, King Huiwen of Zhao was also a more effective monarch.
King Huiwen of Zhao was a more accomplished monarch after King Wuling of Zhao, who served as the prime minister of Le Yi and the Prince of Pingyuan, Lin Xiangru as Shangqing, Lian Po and Zhao Huan as generals, and obeyed Qiang Qin with reason externally, and rectified the rule of officials internally, so that "the country was endowed with peace, the people were rich and the government was solid." "In the conquests, they continued to capture the lands of Qi and Wei, with King Huiwen of Zhao in the nineteenth year (280 BC), Zhao Suo capturing the State of Qi Maiqiu (northwest of present-day Shanghe, Shandong), King Huiwen of Zhao taking 20 years (279 BC), Lian Po capturing the State of Qi (northwest of present-day Jin County, Hebei), King Huiwen of Zhao in the 23rd year (276 BC), and Lian Po capturing several of the State of Wei (southeast of present-day Daming, Hebei). At that time, people said that the Zhao state "tasted and suppressed Qiang Qi for more than forty years, and Qin could not get what he wanted" ("Warring States Policy , Zhao Ce III").
On this basis, the national strength of the Zhao state can completely compete with the qin state. As for the State of Chu during the reign of King Huai of Chu, it was not only defeated by the State of Qin in the Battle of Danyang and the Battle of Lantian, but also besieged by the Princely States of Qi, Korea, and Wei in the Battle of Chusha. From this point of view, King Huai of Chu led to the decline of the State of Chu, and also prompted King Zhaoxiang of Qin not to worry about retaliation from the State of Chu. Because at that time, the Chu state was exactly the stage when it needed to recuperate and restore its national strength. Therefore, after King Huai of Chu was detained, the ministers of the State of Chu changed to King Xiang of Chu, that is, they did not want to save King Huai of Chu from the hands of the State of Qin.
Three
Further, before detaining King Huai of Chu, the State of Qin and the State of Chu had already fought each other many times. For the strength of the Chu State, the Qin State already knew the roots. However, before the Alliance of Shichi, the State of Qin and the State of Zhao did not break out into a larger-scale battle, that is, the State of Zhao was still an unknown opponent. For example, the Battle of Fuhe, commanded by Zhao Hao, broke out in 269 BC, while the Battle of Changping, commanded by Zhao Kuo, broke out 20 years after the Hui league. As a result, the State of Qin had not yet fully grasped the strength of the State of Zhao, and it was indeed not a rational choice to hastily detain King Huiwen of Zhao.
As far as the second point is concerned, it is the difference in the location of the alliance. For the King of Chu Huai, it was to go to Wuguan, which was controlled by the Qin State, in order to make an alliance with the King of Qin Zhaoxiang, which was undoubtedly a sheep into the tiger's mouth. As far as the ShichiHui League is concerned, Shiike was still a city in Korea at that time. Therefore, neither the State of Qin nor the State of Zhao could directly bring the army to the territory of Korea. Moreover, when Lin Xiangru was in the alliance with Shichi, Lin Xiangru also made a backhand preparation, that is, let Lian Po lead a large army to wait on the border between the Zhao State and Korea, as long as King Zhaoxiang of Qin dared to detain King Zhao Huiwen, Lian Po would immediately lead the elite Zhao army to rescue.
Four
According to the records of historical materials such as the "Records of History", before the Meeting of Shichi, King Huiwen of Zhao was afraid of the State of Qin and did not want to go, after all, King Huai of Chu was detained. In this regard, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru discussed: "If the Great King does not go, it will appear that the Zhao State is both weak and timid. King Huiwen of Zhao then went to the meeting and accompanied him. Lian Po was sent to the border, and Zhao Huiwen Wang Qiao said: "The great king's trip, it is estimated that the journey and the meeting etiquette will end, plus the time to return, it will not exceed thirty days." If you have not returned in thirty days, please allow us to make the crown prince king, so as to cut off the delusions of the Qin state. King Huiwen of Zhao agreed with this opinion and went to Shuichi to meet with King Qin Zhao.
It was precisely because Zhao Guo made relatively adequate preparations that he helped King Huiwen of Zhao to retreat. In this regard, in the author's opinion, if the King of Chu Huai is also preparing a large army behind him at any time, whether The King of Qin Zhaoxiang still dares to detain the other party will naturally put a question mark. Therefore, king Huai of Chu had no means of countermeasures at all, which was undoubtedly an important reason why he was detained and eventually died in a foreign land. In other words, king Huai of Chu's suffering does deserve sympathy, but his innocence still needs to be criticized and denied.
Finally, for the third reason, in 298 BC, the second year after King Huai of Chu was detained, the State of Qi, Meng Yijun, demanded that the State of Qin release King Huai of Chu. After being rejected by King Zhaoxiang of Qin, Meng Yijun led a coalition of the three kingdoms of Qi, Korea, and Wei to attack the Hangu Pass of the Qin state and force King Zhaoxiang of Qin to cut off the land and seek peace. Therefore, the State of Qin had already paid a certain price for detaining King Huai of Chu, and now if King Huiwen of Zhao were to be detained again, it would naturally provide a suitable reason for the six kingdoms of Shandong to jointly attack the State of Qin, and lead to the State of Qin being labeled as untrustworthy. And this will also affect the long-distance and close-range attack strategy after the Qin State.