Baili Xi is the first xiang of the Qin Kingdom, and has flown through the ages.
In many historical records, the identity of Bai Lixi is very confusing.
However, the character image of Baili Xi has the deepest impact on people, but it is the Mingren Feng Menglong's novel "Chronicles of the States of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty".
The twenty-fifth time of the book, "Zhi Xun Rest False Way to Destroy the False Path, Poor Hundred Miles To Feed Cattle and Worship Xiang", the twenty-sixth time "Song Shu Bai Li Confessed His Wife, Obtained Chen Baomu's Notarial Dream" wrote: Bai Li Xi is a Yu guo, Zi Jing Bo, poor family, more than thirty years old, first married his wife Du Shi, gave birth to a son. Hundreds of miles of xi chest hidden hills, have a strategy for governing the country, not willing to be poor for a lifetime, eager to go outside to break through.
His wife Du shi supported his idea, encouraged him with the words "good man is determined to be in all directions", and killed the only old hen in the family to feed him. When we broke up, they held hands and said to the sobs, "Don't forget the riches!" ”
Bai Lixian first arrived in the Country of Qi, but because no one introduced him, he was not hired.
Bai Lixi gradually fell into trouble, and finally fell to the point of begging along the street.
Fortunately, Uncle Ren was merciful and took him in.
Bai Lixi and Uncle Jian have similar interests, and the two become brothers.
Bai Li Xi was one year younger than Uncle Jian and called Uncle Jian a brother.
Soon, Duke Xiang of Qi of the State of Qi was killed by Shangqing Guan zhi and Lian Zhi, and Gongzi was ignorant as a new generation of Qi monarchs.
Bai Lixi believed that once the son of heaven and a courtier, the prince ignorantly took over the position of the monarch, it was bound to recruit a large number of new people, and he should have the opportunity to join the army.
Indeed, Gongzi Ignorant soon posted a list of recruits to recruit talents.
Bai Lixi was eager to try it and wanted to apply.
Uncle Jian poured a basin of cold water on him, saying that gongzi's ignorant reputation was very poor, although he usurped the position of the monarch, but it must not last long, moreover, Qi Xianggong had a son exiled abroad, he would definitely come back, go to work for him, and he didn't know how his head fell!
Bai Lixi was poured from head to toe by cold water, and quickly dispelled the idea.
The development of things, as Uncle Jian predicted, the prince's ignorance was soon defeated, and Bai Lixi luckily escaped the disaster.
After a few years, Bai Lixi heard people say that Prince Xiang of Zhou's son, Wang Zi, liked to raise cattle, and he thought to himself: I have raised cattle in the countryside, and I am considered an expert, so it is better to go to the Zhou royal family to work to see if I can open up the situation.
Uncle Jian warned him: "The eldest husband should not easily lose himself to others. Once you choose the Lord and do things, you cannot abandon him halfway, otherwise you are unfaithful; once you choose a lord who is not good and suffer with him, it is unwise. You go to see it first, and then make a careful decision, I will take care of the family affairs, and I will also help you to be a staff officer. ”
Bai Li rushed to Luoyi in a dusty manner, ignored it, and took the liberty of signing up as a cattle breeder under the prince.
Bai Lixi spent all his thoughts on raising cattle, and the cattle were raised to be fat and strong, and the dragons were fierce.
The prince admired Bai Lixi very much and prepared to promote him to his vassal.
But Uncle Jian came, and after a secret investigation, he said to Bai Lixi that the prince was a man of great ambition and talent, and he had ill intentions, and that most of his men were villains who were good at slander, and they could not become a big deal, and with him, don't eat the sheep soup to provoke him.
Bai Lixi remembered the fact that Gongzi was killed in ignorance, and his heart was full of regrets, and he listened to Uncle Jian's advice, and he was disheartened and wanted to return to Yu Guo's hometown.
Uncle Jian suddenly remembered something and said, "Yu Youxian's name is Gong Zhiqi, he is my old friend, I have been separated from him for a long time, since you want to return to Yu Kingdom, I will walk with you and take the opportunity to visit him." ”
Uncle Jian saw Gong Zhiqi and highly recommended Baili Xi.
Under Gong Zhiqi's Zhang Luo, Bai Lixi was worshipped by Yu Gong as the Middle Doctor.
Bai Li Xi Le was broken.
However, Uncle Jian poured cold water on him again, saying, "I think Yu Jun has little knowledge and is self-conscious, not a monarch with achievements, brother, or get out in time." ”
At this time, the prince was killed in a decadent rebellion, and Bai Lixi escaped another disaster because he withdrew early.
Now that he has listened to Uncle Jian's words, he is also very troubled.
After hesitating for a long time, he made up his mind and said to Uncle Jian: "Brother, I have been trapped in the wind and dust for a long time, just like a fish trapped on land, and it is thankful that there is a spoonful of water to prolong his life, and I can't manage so much." ”
Uncle Jian was dejected and resigned.
I have to say that Uncle Jian's insight is really too much higher than that of Baili Xi.
A few days after Bai Lixi was a doctor in yu guo, yu guo was destroyed by the Jin state, and Bai Li Xi became a prisoner of the Jin state.
In order to integrate with the culture of the Central Plains, The Prince of Qin Mugong actively married the State of Jin.
The Duke of Jin asked Taishi to divinate and came to the conclusion that marriage with the Qin state was good for marriage, not conducive to war.
Therefore, he agreed to this family affair and married his daughter Boji to Qin Mugong.
When Bo Ji got married, Bai Li xi became a dowry slave.
Bai Lixi thought that he had the great talent of the world, failed to meet the Ming Lord Shu, and became a slave again in his old age, inferior to the concubines, and could not bear the humiliation, and sneaked away.
Bai Lixi fled to the Chu state, resumed his old business, and raised cattle for king Chu Cheng of the chu state.
Among Qin Mugong's men was a strategist named Gongsun Zhi from the Jin Dynasty, who told Qin Mugong that Baili Xi was a rare great sage in the world, and encouraged Qin Mugong to send people to the Chu state to redeem Baili Xi.
The emissaries of the State of Qin met with King Cheng of Chu and redeemed Baili Xi with only five black ram skins.
When Qin Mugong saw Bai Lixi, who had white hair, he was a little stunned and asked, "How old is it?" ”
Bai Li Xi had to laugh, "I'm only seventy years old." ”
Qin Mugong pounded his chest and sighed, "Sorry old man!" ”
Bai Lixi was not convinced of the old, and talked about it in a rhetorical manner, saying that you want me to chase birds and fight beasts, I am indeed a little old. If you want me to sit with you and discuss state affairs, you're still young. If you think about it, when Jiang Taigong was eighty years old, fishing on the shore of weishui, King Wen of Zhou knew that Xian loved Xian, and the car was returned to him, worshiping as shang father, and finally settling Zhou Ding. Now that I have met you, isn't it ten years earlier than Lü Shang met King Wen?
Duke Mu of Qin asserted his words, and Jue Baili Xi was made the secretary of state and appointed as the government of the country.
People therefore called BaiLi Xi the "Five Doctors".
Bai Lixi solemnly recommended Uncle Jian to Qin Mugong.
Uncle Jian then entered Qin with his son Bai Yibing.
Regarding this white B C, the book specially explains: 蹇氏, C name, the word white B.
Bai Lixi made political achievements in the Qin State and became famous all over the world, and his wife Du Shi also came with her son Meng Mingshi to defect.
Meng Mingshi was also worshipped as a doctor, and together with Uncle Jian's two sons, Xi Qishu and Bai Yibing, he was known as the "Three Marshals" and was in charge of the Qin army.
……
What is written above is vivid and vivid, but in the end it is only the words of the novelist, and the credibility is very low.
For example, it is written in the novel: "Bai Li xi is a Yu guoren, the character Jingbo, Chinese New Year's Eve Yu, married to his wife Du Shi." ”
However, in the "History of Shang Jun lie", it is recorded: "The Five Doctors, jingzhi contemptuous people also." And "The Biography of Gu Liang. Zhuang Gong Ten Years" Yun: "Jing, Chu Ye, what is the so-called Jing?" Di Zhiye. "That is, the Jing kingdom is the Chu state, and Bai Li Xi is a Chu person."
The "Notes on the Water Classics" is more explicit, and the book thirty-one (淯水) says: "The water is south, and the water of Meixi is injected." Shui chu (Wan) County north of the Purple Mountain, south through the Baili Xi former residence, Xi, Wanren also, Yu Qin for the Sage Doctor, the so-called confused Yu Zhi Qin also. ”
In addition, the "Jingzhou Chronicle" also records: "There is Meixi in the west of (Nanyang) County, and there is a Hundred Mile Xi Mansion in Xixi." ”
The Taiping Imperial Records also say: "There is Meixi in the southern seven parts of (Nanyang) County, so there is a Hundred Mile Xi Mansion in the west of Kao Chuan Yun City. ”
In the west of the current downtown area of Nanyang, there is indeed a Baili Xi Village.
However, what makes people suspicious is that the "Ming Jiajing Nanyang Fu Zhi School Notes" records: "In the east of Baili Xi Village, about seven meters high, it is called the tomb of Baili Dafu. Seven boulders are placed in front of the tomb, commonly known as the Seven Star Tomb. Tang Kaiyuan twenty-three years Zheng Lianshu five doctor Jie Ming, Hou Yi. ”
Bai Lixi died in the Qin state, and there was a fiefdom in the Qin state of Bailiyi, so how did he die and be buried in the Chu state of Wanyi?
Then again, the reason why the Chronicle of the States of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty writes that Baili Xi is a Yu guoren is also based on it - the "Warring States Policy" says: "Baili Xi, Yu Zhi qiren, was sold to li ge's skin, and Mu Gongxiang was facing xi rong." ”
The current village of Huaixia in Pinglu County, Shanxi, also has a tombstone of "Yu Xian Baili Xi Tomb Record", which is recorded in the year of Northern Wei Tai and Bing Zi (497 AD).
Many contemporary books, such as "Yuncheng District Chronicle", "Fengxiang County Chronicle", "Migration Migration", "Migration Surname Origin", "Fengxiang History", "History of Great Qin", etc., also follow the records of the "Warring States Policy", positioning Baili Xi as a Yuguo person.
In the "Chronicle of the States of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty", there is a "Hundred Li Xi", and the "Zhou History" even said that he "restored the people to a hundred miles, the name of the view, the word Meng Ming." However, this "hundred miles" should refer to the fiefdom of Bailiyi that Baili Xi obtained after arriving in the Qin State. People call him "Baili" not because of his people.
So, what was Bai Lixi's original surname?
The Tang Dynasty Lin Bao compiled the "Yuan he surname compilation" recorded: "After Yu Zhong, the Gong clan had Jing Bo, that is, Baili Xiye; the son Meng Mingshi was born, and the descendants took the character of Wang Father as their clan. ”
Yu Zhong was the great-grandson of Zhongyong, the second son of Emperor Gu of Zhou.
King Kang of Zhou enfeoffed him to Yu (虞, in present-day northern Pinglu County, Shanxi), thus establishing the state of Yu.
According to this theory, Baili Xi should be a Yu guoren, who belonged to the duke clan of Yu Guo after Yu Zhong, named Jing Bo.
That is to say, Baili Xi and Zhou Tianzi have the same surname, surname Ji.
The Tongzhi written by the Southern Song Dynasty man Zheng Qiao supported this statement, saying: "After the surname Of Ji was Yu Zhong, there were also hundreds of Li Xi, who were the Grand Master of the Duke clan of Yu, the Duke of Jin, and the Duke of Yu and his doctor Bai Li Xi, in order to marry Qin Mu Ji. ”
However, the "Hundred Family Names and Wells" says: "According to the "Surname Source", Jiang Shang (Taigongwang) of the Zhou Dynasty was enfeoffed in the State of Qi. Later, there were those who came out of the Kingdom of Yu, who were made doctors and were enfeoffed in Jingyi, known as Jingbo. ”
Here, Bai Lixi became a descendant of Jiang Taigong again, surnamed Jiang.
Of course, the most authoritative is the pre-Qin classic Zuo Zhuan, which says in the article "Five Years of the Duke of Qin": "ZhiYu Gong and his doctor Jing Bo, in order to concubine Qin Muji." ”
Bai Lixi's first appearance in the "History of Qin Benji" is in the link "To Concubine Qin Muji", the original text is: "Five years, the Jin Dynasty gong destroyed Yu and Yu, Yu Yujun and his doctor Bai Li Dai, with Bi Ma to bribe Yu Guye." He thought that Duchess Of Qin Miao was widowed by Qin. ”
From this, it can be seen that Jingbo is Baili Xi.
It is no wonder that after a long conversation between Qin Mugong and Baili Xi in the Chronicle of the States of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, he said with joy and sincerity: "There is a well uncle in loneliness, and there is a father in Yuqi!" ”
After Bai Lixi appeared in the "History of Qin Benji", he died in Qin and was redeemed by Qin Mugong with five sheepskins. The book specifically mentions: "The year of the Hundred Mile Dynasty is more than seventy years old."
The name "Baili Xi" never appears in the "Zuo Biao", only "Baili", "Meng Ming", "Baili Meng Mingshi", "Meng Mingshi", "Meng Mingshi".
Mr. Ma Feibai, a historian of the Qin Dynasty, pointed out that the original meaning of "Xi" is to serve in the army. The Book of Rites has "Shu": "There are talents to know Xi, and no talents to know slaves." "Zhou Li Wine Man": "Xi Three Hundred People". Note: "Judas official".
That is, Baili Xi was a person who sold himself into slavery and was called "Xi" by the Qin people.
That is to say, "Xi", and "Wu Xi Dafu" are the same, both are a nickname, not the original name of Baili Xi.
Mr. Ma Feibai believes that Meng Mingshi and Bai Lixi are actually the same person.
His basis is that the deeds written in the "Zuo Biography" such as "summoning Meng Ming, Xi Beg, and Bai Yifa Zheng", "restoring Meng Ming to the government", "using Meng Ming, Meng Ming to repair the state government, and re-applying to the people", "Sui Ba Xi Rong, using Meng Ming Ye", and so on, completely coincide with the deeds of Baili Xi Xiangqin and Zheng Ba Xi Rong written in the "Records of History". Moreover, before King Qin Wu placed the right and left ministers, there had been no cases of two people ruling at the same time, especially not with father and son ruling at the same time, so it can be seen that Baili Xi and Meng Mingshi were the same person.
Mr. Ma Feibai also mentioned the most convincing point: "Qin used Meng Ming, then dominated Xi Rong" recorded in the Zuo Biography, "Xi Xiang Qin, and Xi Rong Eight Kingdoms came to the dynasty". And the "Warring States Policy" also says that "Baili Xi, Yu Zhi beggar, Mu Gongzhi and Xi Rong", "Towards Xi Rong", "Xi Rong to Chao", etc., obviously, are all the same thing. However, Li Si said in the Book of Expulsion: "Mu Gongxi took Yu Yu Rong, dong had to buy Xi Yu Wan, ying Shu Yu Song, and begged Pi Leopard and Gongsun Zhi Yu Jin." These five sons were not born in Qin, but Mu Gongzhi and the twenty kingdoms, thus dominating Xirong. "Li Si is Qin Xiang, naturally well versed in the history of the Qin State, Meng Mingshi Since there is a glorious achievement of "Qin using Meng Ming, then dominating Xi Rong", Li Si only mentioned Baili Xi and did not mention Meng Mingshi when he cited the former sages of the Qin State, which shows that Baili Xi is Meng Mingshi. Otherwise, Li Si turned a blind eye to Meng Ming, who was "suiba Xi rong", and could not say anything at all.
In addition, the Zuo Biography records that after Qin Mugong overpowered Xi Rong, the King of Zhou praised Qin Mugong, Meng Mingshi, and Zisang respectively. It is said that the reason why the State of Qin was able to dominate Xirong was because Qin Mugong reused Meng Ming, and the reason why Meng Ming was reused was that Zi Sang could know people and do good. This son Sang is Gongsun Zhi. There is no record of Gongsun Zhi recommending Meng Mingshi in the Zuo Biography, and there is a mention in the Lü Shi Chunqiu Shenren that Gongsun Zhi recommended Baili Xi to Qin Mugong. "Han Feizi Says Linxia" also has the text of "Gongsun Zhi killed himself and respected a hundred miles", which shows that a hundred miles is a hundred miles, and a hundred miles and Meng Ming are the same person.
In addition, it is said in the "Chronicle of the Shang Jun" that "the Hundred Li Xi Xiang Qin was six or seven years old and the eastern Expedition to Zheng, the three kings of the Jin State, and one to save the disaster of the Jing Kingdom." That is, Qin Mugong's policy of moving east was carried out under the auspices of Bai Lixi. However, both the Zuo Zhuan and the History of Qin Benji record that the person who attacked Zheng Guo was Meng Mingshi. The reason is that Sima Qian's examination was wrong, and he mistakenly believed that one person was two people.
Mr. Ma Feibai also pointed out that when the Qin State advanced to cut Zheng, the "Zuo Chuan" only recorded "public visits to Uncle Zhu" and "Uncle Jian cried and sent his son". Elsewhere in the same book, such as Jin Yuanyi's mention of "Qin violated uncle And was greedy and diligent", and Mu Gong's post-mortem review of "lonely uncle and insulted the second and third sons", did not involve Baili Xi at all. The Huainanzi Daoyingxun and the Annals of the Twelve Princes of History also only have records such as "General Zheng, Uncle Jian is not allowed". The "Lü Shi Chunqiu Repentance" and the "Huainan Zi Dao Yingxun" recorded in the advice to Qin Mugong and the crying to send his son out on the expedition were only Uncle Jian. However, the "History of Qin Benji" forcibly wrote the people who advised Qin Mugong and the people who wept to send his son on the expedition as "Uncle Jian and Baili Xi", but in the records of the "History of Shang Jun lie biography", Bai Li Xi himself was the person who presided over the eastward policy and was the mastermind of the attack on Zheng Guo, so how could he stop it himself? The way the "History of Qin Benji" is written is obviously inconsistent with the confession in the "History of the Shang Jun", which can be said to be contradictory.
The "Chinese" also records that in the ninth year of the Duke of Qin Mu, the civil unrest in the Jin Dynasty, the Duke of Qin Mugong once discussed countermeasures with the courtiers, and the original text reads: "Nai summoned the grand master Zi Ming and Gongsun Yue: 'In the rebellion of the Fu Jin Kingdom, who made the second son of the first Ruofu establish it, thinking that it was an urgent matter of the day?'" The Grand Master zi ming said: "Jun's envoy, Shinoya." Gao Luminous: "Zi Ming, Qin Dafu Baili Meng Mingshi also."
Mr. Ma Feibai analyzed that according to the records of the "Records of History", Baili Xi entered Qin in the fifth year of Qin Mugong, and in the ninth year of Qin Mugong, the time was only four years, and Qin Mugong obeyed Baili Xi's plan, if Ziming was Meng Mingshi, and Meng Mingshi was the son of Baili Xi, then did Qin Mugong not consult with his father who was a politician first, but instead asked his son for advice?
Finally, the Zuo Biography records that after the Battle of Kun, Qin Dafu and his right and left demanded that Qin Mugong kill Meng Ming as a crime of xie defeating the army. Duke Mu of Qin sighed and said, "What is the master's crime if he is greedy and greedy?" Mr. Ma Feibai said that if Meng Mingshi was the son of Baili Xi, and Baili Xi was still alive at this time, how could Qin Mugong call his son "Master"?
All kinds of indications show that Meng Mingshi and Bai Lixi are not father and son, but the same person.
Even if Meng Mingshi and Bai Lixi are not the same person, Bai Lixi's age is unbelievable.
In the "History of Qin Benji", it is recorded that in the fifth year of Qin Mugong (655 BC), Qin Mu used five sheepskins to redeem Baili Xi, who was more than seventy years old at the time. In the thirty-sixth year of the Reign of Qin Mugong (625 BC), the Battle of Kun occurred. Thirty-one years have passed.
Whether Bai Lixi was Meng Mingshi or not, he was still alive.
Well, this year, he was already more than a hundred years old.
Regarding the ending of Baili Xi, zhao Liang's mouth is borrowed from the "Chronicle of the Shang Jun": "The Xiang Qin Ye of the Five Emperors, the Labor does not sit, the summer does not cover, travels in the middle of the country, does not ride from the car, does not do the Work, the name of merit is hidden in the treasury, and the virtue is given to future generations." The Five Emperors died, the men and women of the Qin Kingdom drooled, the boys did not sing, and the servants did not pestle each other. ”
From Zhao Liang's statement, it is speculated that Baili Xi should be a good death.
However, in the "Biography of Meng Tian Lie", Meng Tian also compared Baili Xi with the "Three Liangs" who were martyred for Qin Mugong, saying: "In the past, Qin Mu Gong killed Sanliang and died, and the sin of Bai Li Xi was not his sin, so the name was Miao. ”
It seems that Bai Lixi was beheaded by Qin Mugong for the crime.
Bai Li xi, really a mysterious character.