Everything is rushing. On Gong Sheng, the days are gone, and it is difficult to lose a high name. It is difficult to cure my illness, and I am full of blood in my heart. To be sprinkled, the west wind is dead. Dissect the heart and liver and ask Hua Tuo to solve a thousand knots in my intestines. Chasing after hate, it is difficult to swallow.
The ancients generously didactic festival. For that year, the groaning continued, and the grass stole life. Ai scorched eyebrows and melons sprayed his nose, and it was difficult to decide today. Suffering early, a thousand stacks again. It is not easy to get rid of one's wife and children, and it is worthless to say. How many things are missing in the world?
This is the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty great talent Wu Weiye's late speech "He Groom". The words reflect his bleak feelings of regret over his life. Wu Weiye is a versatile writer with deep attainments in poetry and music, and the average person knows Wu Weiye probably because of the famous "Round Song". In 1644, the Ming general Wu Sangui led the Qing army into Shanhaiguan to defeat Li Zicheng. Wu Sangui did not borrow the hand of the Qing soldiers to restore the Ming Dynasty, but transformed into an eagle dog of the Manchu Nobles, actively suppressing and killing the anti-Qing organization of the vast number of Han Chinese for the Qing army, and finally was crowned the King of Pingxi. For Wu Weiye, who was loyal to the Ming Dynasty, this was a despicable and shameful act of losing the festival of human subjects. So he wrote a poem "Yuanyuan Qu" to satirize and expose Wu Sangui's ugly face, in which the sentence "Weeping bitterly for the six armies, rushing the crown and being angry for the red face" can be described as a household name, and it has also won a lot of praise for this talent.
But it was such a poet who was loyal to the Ming Dynasty, and finally became an official of the Qing Dynasty under the persecution of the Qing Dynasty, which also led to Wu Weiye living in regret for the rest of his life, until his death. In that chaotic era of dynastic succession, too many people have helplessness and regrets. The encounter between the amorous and chaotic world of the talent makes this helplessness appear more legendary and more desolate.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > live up to the plum trees in the old garden, and the south branch opens and the north branch is cold. </h1>
One day in September of the tenth year of Shunzhi, on the official road in Linqing Prefecture, a middle-aged man was riding a thin donkey and slowly marching in the direction of Beijing. At this time, it is already winter, and the weather in the north is always much colder than in the south. There was heavy snow in the sky, and heavy snow fell on the man's bucket. He looked up at his hometown in the south and sighed helplessly. This forty-four-year-old middle-aged man is Wu Weiye, the grandmaster of the Fu Society, also known as Mr. Umemura. This time, he was recruited by the Qing court to beijing to become an official.
A literati can be ordered by the imperial court to become an official in Beijing, which is a glorious thing. However, Wu Weiye's heart was very painful at this time, and just a few months ago, his relative Chen Zhixuan recommended him to the Qing court, hoping that he would serve the imperial court together. Chen Zhiyi had been working for the Qing Dynasty for many years, and he was familiar with Wu Weiye's position among the southern literati and his talent. This time, I hope that this relative's family can enter the DPRK as an official, or there will be one more person of their own in the DPRK. And the Qing court also knew that Wu Weiye's value was very great, as long as this person served himself, those literati in the southeast who still missed the Ming Dynasty were bound to suffer a great blow, so they ordered Wu Weiye to be recruited into the dynasty as an official. For the current Manchu Qing court, Wu Weiye was very disgusted, even full of hostility. Therefore, he intends to resist the will, and although I am powerless to restore my homeland, I cannot submit to the Tatars. But my parents were old, and they had witnessed the atrocities of too many Qing soldiers, and it would be dangerous to disobey the Holy Will at this time. The father wept bitterly in front of him, begging himself to pack up his belongings and leave for the safety of his family. In desperation, he had to embark on a journey north.
Thinking that he was going to Beijing, he had a lot of thoughts. Twenty years ago, the Chongzhen Emperor of the former dynasty personally commented on his examination papers, leaving a comment of "Zhengda Boya, Foot Style" and highly affirming his talents. It also left the party members who wanted to take advantage of Wu Weiye's easy high school rankings at a young age to play the impeachment of the chief examiner. Chongzhen was very knowledgeable about Wu Weiye, and he specially approved the holiday to allow him to return to his hometown to marry relatives, making him famous in the sea and making countless readers envious. How many readers in the world can be so lucky on the road of the imperial examination? Without Chongzhen's approval, he might have fallen prey to the party struggle long ago. As a protégé of Tianzi, Wu Weiye was grateful to Chongzhen from the bottom of his heart. However, life is chaotic, many things are involuntari, in the blink of an eye twenty years have passed, the mountains and rivers are still the same as in the old days, but the homeland has long ceased to exist.
The bureaucracy at the end of the Ming Dynasty was completely rotten, and only the bureaucrats were endlessly dumping each other and seeking private interests. It was very uncomfortable to be an official in such an atmosphere, so Wu Weiye resolutely resigned from the official position even after being promoted. He had no interest in becoming an official, and he only wanted to return to his hometown of Taicang to do his own research. Who knew that in the third year of his return to his hometown, Li Zicheng invaded Beijing and Chongzhen hanged himself and martyred the country. When he learned that Tianzi had died and that the Eight Banners Army of the Manchu Qing Dynasty had entered the customs, he wept bitterly, on the one hand, because of Chongzhen's kindness to him, and on the other hand, he could not accept that a dynasty of more than two hundred and seventy years had actually collapsed at the hands of his own generation. Deeply influenced by Confucianism, the literati who regard self-cultivation and family governance as the ultimate ideal of life cannot maintain inner peace in this era of regime change under any circumstances. He thought that Chongzhen was already dead, so he simply went with him. It can also be regarded as repaying the emperor's kindness to his own knowledge, but his parents are still ah, what should they do if they die? Thinking of his parents, Wu Weiye gave up the idea of dying, but in the future life, he vowed never to be with the peasant army and the Manchu Qing court.
However, fate is that he likes to tease people, and now he is on his way to Beijing, and he is recruited by the Qing court to become an official in the mountains. He knew that if he went, he would be destined to be a courtier in this life, and before he left, his good friend Hou Fangyu wrote a letter to dissuade him from entering Beijing. He also told in detail about the trepidation and guilt in his heart after he was demoted and became an official, hoping that Wu Weiye would not follow in his footsteps and disappoint the literati in the world.
Wu Weiye knew that what his old friend said was true, and that Hou Fangyu was also a literary leader at the end of the Ming Dynasty, which made countless people respect and admire him, but in the end he betrayed qing, and he was not as strong as Li Xiangjun, a prostitute by the Qinhuai River. This attracted people's verbal criticism, and Hou Fangyu's only promise to live under the pressure of the Qing court suddenly fell from the status of a grandmaster to the typical of a shameless literati, what a terrible thing. Unexpectedly, such a thing will be repeated on my own body. Heck, looking at the snow, he wanted to go south to return to his hometown. In this contradictory and desolate state of mind, he wrote a poem "Linqing Heavy Snow":
White-headed wind and snow on Chang'an, short brown tired donkey hat bandwidth.
Live up to the plum trees in the old garden, and the south branch opens the north branch cold.
Although he betrayed the Ming Dynasty and betrayed his so-called integrity, the poet's heart was still eager to return to his hometown, and the so-called official position could only feel a chill for him.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > Zhongshan has a female delicacy, clear eyes and bright teeth. </h1>
Some people say that the chaotic world is indispensable to the conquest of jingo iron horses, and it is also indispensable to the sadness of talented women. In the chaotic world of the late Ming Dynasty, there was no shortage of talents and beautiful people, and the stories of Qian Qianyi and Liu Ruyi have been well known to posterity. The gathering and dispersion of Li Xiangjun and Hou Fangyu was written by posterity as a household name "Peach Blossom Fan", which was staged on the stage for hundreds of years and won the tears of countless audiences. And the great talent Wu Meicun also has a legendary story with Qin Huai's famous prostitutes, but this story is more helpless and desolate.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the Qinhuai River area was a famous place of fireworks, and the scholars and scholars also sang poetry and wine with those talented beauties and had a great pleasure in life. With the support of the literati, there were eight fireworks women with excellent color and art in the Qinhuai River area. These prostitutes are not only beautiful in appearance, but also proficient in piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and are good at socializing. Becoming an indispensable embellishment for the noble children's grand banquets, this is the famous Qin Huai Bayan.
In the spring of the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, Wu Weiye's cousin Wu Jishan wanted to go to Chengdu to become an official, and his relatives set up a banquet to send him off. And invited Bian Sai, one of the eight Yans, to the banquet to help, and Wu Weiye was also at the banquet. Bian Sai was originally the child of an official eunuch, who had been reading poetry and books since childhood, was proficient in poetry, songs, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, and was a talented woman who deserved her name. Later, because his father came to Qinhuai River to start a fireworks business because of his father's criminal family' middle fall, he really responded to the old saying that red face is short of life. Her literary attainments were extremely high, especially good at painting orchids, and for a time she became famous among jiangnan literati. At Wu Jishan's farewell dinner, everyone wrote a farewell poem to help cheer up Bian Sai, and she wrote a farewell poem after a little thought:
"Cut the candles and send Junlan to cross the Jianggao." I would like to send a picture of Xiao Xiang seeds to Xue Tao with the spring breeze."
At this time, Wu Weiye had already resigned from his official position at home and lingered between poetry and wine. He was greatly amazed after reading Bian Sai's poems, and he did not expect that the little girl in front of him was so talented, so he praised it one after another. Bian Sai was a fireworks woman, and Wu Weiye was already a world-famous talent at that time, she could not help but feel admiration, if she could marry someone like Wu Weiye, she would have some sustenance for life. So she boldly asked Wu Weiye, "Do you care?" Wu Weiye pretended to be stupid and made a look that he did not understand. Bian Sai couldn't help but sigh in disappointment.
Soon after, Bian Sai wrote directly to Wu Weiye's home, expressing his willingness to marry him in order to have a trust in this life. This was really a bold act in feudal society, but Wu Weiye still had no response. Although Wu Weiye already had a wife and concubine, it was very common for the ming master to take fireworks women. Moreover, Bian Sai's beauty and talent have indeed long haunted him, but the beautiful women have already picked the words so clearly, why is he still unmoved like an old monk? It turned out that not long ago, he had heard the news that Chongzhen's brother-in-law Tian Qi would soon go to the Jiangnan region to select concubines for Chongzhen, and Chen Yuanyuan and Bian Sai were on the list. No matter how talented he is, he does not dare to compete with the emperor for women. In order to avoid causing trouble, I had to pretend that I didn't know, and a good marriage was given up.
Then fate seemed to make a joke to Wu Weiye, and Chongzhen did not go to Jiangnan to choose a concubine. Bian Sai was also unable to propose marriage, and soon married a son of a family. Wu Weiye was very remorseful about this, but what he never expected was that within a few years, Chongzhen was hanged, sheji fell, and the world was in chaos. This was a cruel fact that he could not accept more than the frustration of the love scene. What else can be said except a bitter word?
The territory of the north had been occupied by the Qing army, and the Ming dynasty clan established the Hongguang regime in the Jiangnan region, and Wu Weiye was full of thought that the Ming Dynasty could be restored, so he entered the Southern Ming Hongguang regime as an official. But he was soon disappointed, because he saw that the officials in Nanjing did not regard the defense of the Manchu Qing as their top priority at all, but wantonly excluded dissidents and set off party strife again. The entire small court, from the emperor down to the ordinary officials, was immersed in fine wine and pleasure without any cheering. He was desperate, in such a dynasty as an official, it was impossible to revive the Ming Dynasty, and it was difficult to become a chaotic party and be killed one day. So he resigned again and went into hiding. Wu Weiye's feeling was right, the Hongguang imperial court only maintained a year in the south before it was destroyed by the Qing army in the south. Wu Weiye, on the other hand, has been living in seclusion in his hometown in Jiangsu, and now he only wants to be a remnant of the former dynasty to repay the kindness of the Ming Dynasty.
In the seventh year of Shunzhi, he went to Changshu to visit his old friend Qian Qianyi. During the conversation between the two, Wu Weiye knew that Bian Sai was also living nearby. Bian Sai and Qian Qianyi's wife Liu Ru was once one of Qin Huai's Eight Yans, and they had a deep affection for each other in their early years. After Bian Sai got married, he left her husband because the couple had a bad relationship, and at that time, when the Qing army was moving south, the women who encountered the war, whether they were princes and nobles or poor people, were inevitably trampled and killed by the Qing soldiers. In order to protect himself, Bian Sai changed to a Daogu costume to survive. During the period of exile, he witnessed too many wives and children being separated, and the city was destroyed and the family died. Since then, Bian Sai has had the idea of seeing through the red dust, and then she called herself "Yujing Daoren" and wandered in the south for several years. At this time, I happened to live in Changshu and often came to visit my former friends.
Qian Qianyi and Liu Ru were aware of the emotional entanglement between Wu Weiye and Bian Sai, so they had the heart to match them. So Liu Ru brought Bian Sai to meet with Wu Weiye, and Wu Weiye had long regretted this matter for many years, and he very much hoped that this time he could finally become a family member with Bian Sai, but he had been ill for many years. Bian Sai came, and she just said hello to everyone and pulled Liu Ru upstairs. I have never said a word to Wu Weiye. Wu Weiye had to go home sadly, perhaps Bian Sai had always been desperate for himself and could not let go.
The next year, from Qian Qianyi's mouth, Bian Sai knew that Wu Weiye had not forgotten herself for many years, so she made a special trip to Taicang to visit Wu Weiye. What Wu Weiye saw was no longer bian sai who was graceful and graceful, but a Daogu with a yellow crown and dust and a face full of vicissitudes. Bian Sai no longer existed, and now there were only Yujing Daoists in the world who could see through the red dust. The two told each other about what happened after their separation, and when they talked about the atrocities of the Qing army when the mountains and rivers were broken, and what they had seen and heard for many years, they couldn't help but weep and exchange. Bian Yujing had already entered the Dao, and the tragic image of the last dynasty had made her heart like ashes.
If Wu Weiye and Bian Sai's relationship was initially just an ordinary child's love, then their meeting at this time is more like two remnants of a lost country complaining to each other. When the fate of the talented lady meets the chaotic world, it is doomed to legend. In order to thank Bian Yujing for being able to come to see him, Wu Weiye specially wrote "Listening to the Female Taoist Bian Yujing Playing the Piano Song" and gave it to her. In the poem, Wu Weiye expressed his apology to Bian Sai, and also described the sadness and helplessness of ordinary people during the chaotic period of the late Ming Dynasty. Wu Weiye may not have thought that he would soon defect to the Manchurians. A female streamer can still express her resistance and dissatisfaction with the Manchu Qing through monasticism, but she herself should not even be stable as a remnant loyal to the Ming Dynasty.
Wu Weiye did not come together with Bian Sai after all, and after this meeting, the two never had contact again.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >I'm the world's greatest sufferer." </h1>
Ten years after Shunzhi, Wu Weiye came to Beijing. He repeatedly wrote to ask for a postponement of the holiday for various reasons, hoping to return to his hometown. But how could the Qing court agree, Wu Weiye was in their eyes a big banner for disintegrating the anti-Qing forces in the southeast region. When you get to the capital, you have to become an official and become a courtier of the Qing Dynasty, so that those chaotic parties who want to oppose the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty can see it. Even the leaders of the Restoration Society have surrendered, what are you doing?
After Wu Weiye arrived in Beijing, he was immediately awarded an official position, became a secretary and a lecturer, and was later promoted to guozi supervisor of liquor. The position was very idle, but Wu Weiye understood that in this way, the infamy of his second minister was doomed to be unchangeable. After teaching others all his life about the honor of etiquette, he finally became a traitor without discipline. Oh, helpless.
He often drank heavily, recalled the stories of the previous dynasty and his own experiences, and wrote many poems reminiscent of the Ming Dynasty. I want to use this to get rid of a little guilt in my heart. After three years as an official in Beijing, Wu Weiye's stepmother died. He resigned from the Qing court in the name of Ding You, and the Qing court also felt that Wu Weiye's use value was not great at this time, so he agreed to leave Beijing and return home.
After returning to his hometown, Wu Weiye never came out again. He lived a secluded life of wandering poetry and wine, wandering through the landscape. This is also the peak stage of Wu Weiye's literary creation, he was originally a literary master, and he has experienced the changes of the dynasty, and the ability to write naturally has reached the point of pure fire. He created a large number of narrative poems to show the social chaos in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and his own feelings and shame about the replacement of the country, this part of the poetry style is bone-chilling, full of desolate charm, just like the evaluation of posterity, "writing about the rise and fall of a generation." "Among the more than a thousand poems in his existence, many of them are set in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and have become important materials for future generations to study this period of history. And because he developed a unique personal style of writing from the ancient seven-character poetry genre, it was called "plum village style" by posterity and occupied a place in classical poetry.
At this time, Wu Weiye wrote poetry and lyrics more precisely to express his remorse for the Ming Dynasty. Because he has always felt that he is ashamed of the Ming Dynasty, and he has no face to see the people of the world again. The Qing Dynasty's country and mountains have become more and more stable, and the Ming Dynasty is doomed to be impossible to recover, but after he dies, how can he meet the Chongzhen Emperor and the thousands of heroes who sacrificed to resist the Qing? For the rest of his life, he could say that he had been struggling with this problem and could not be relieved.
The Qing Dynasty set off a wave of literary prisons in the southeast region, which also made Wu Weiye quite worried, watching one literati after another being taken to the execution ground for the crime of "satirizing the government and thinking of the homeland" and raiding their homes and destroying their homes. How can a person be at peace? The real pain is extreme but helpless.
In the autumn of the seventh year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Wu Weiye rushed to Wuxi to pay homage to the grave of Bian Yujing, who was already nearly sixty years old. Bian Yujing had been dead for several years, and perhaps Wu Weiye knew that he would not live long, so he had to take advantage of the fact that he could still walk to see this confidant with a red face. Sadly, he wrote a long poem "Passing through the Tomb of Yujing Daoren in jinshu forest" and wrote a preface of hundreds of words, recalling his sad and joyful clutch with Bian Yujing.
"Mo sang the song of crossing the river at that time, and to whom did the peach root peach leaf climb?" Yes, a generation of talented women have long since disappeared into dust, but they are still living in the world, what a great sadness.
Ten years after the Kangxi Dynasty, Wu Weiye was seriously ill. Knowing that he was about to die in the world, he deliberately left a last word to his descendants:
In my life, I have suffered from all kinds of dangers, not a single moment without hardships, no circumstances without hardships, and I am a great suffering person in the world. After my death, I was buried in a monk's tomb similar to Deng Wei Lingyan, and a cobblestone was erected in front of the tomb, which is called:"The Tomb of the Poet Wu Weiye".
Generally, people who have been officials like to engrave their life's life on the inscription for posterity to look up and commemorate. But Wu Meicun saw through it, he had been an official in both the Ming and Qing dynasties, which was simply a major stain on his life. He only felt that his life was too bitter, a big bitter person. He surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, but he did not want to wear the clothes of the Qing Dynasty to be buried; he betrayed the Ming Dynasty, and he was even more reluctant to wear the costumes of the Ming Dynasty to go underground, so he simply wore the monk's robes. The tombstone only bears the tomb of the poet Wu Weiye. What he was trying to say was that I was just a person who could write poetry.
On December 24, the tenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, this great talent with endless remorse and helplessness died of illness at the age of sixty-three.
Wu Weiye died, leaving a large number of poems and various works for future generations, as well as infinite sorrow and regret in that chaotic world. Wu Weiye's life, as he himself said in the poem:
What the floating life owes is only one death, and there is no reason for the earthly world to pick up nine.
I am the old chicken dog of the King of Huai, and I do not go to the human world with the immortals.