How Qian Zeng's "Reading Minqiu Ji" of the Qing Dynasty was written and published

Qian Zeng, Qing Dynasty poet, bibliophile, and bibliographer. He was a descendant of the famous poet Qian Qianyi in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.

Qian's achievements in versionology are mainly reflected in the "Reading Minzhi Zhizhi". The book is a problem-solving bibliography, inheriting the bibliographic tradition of predecessors, especially the Song people, and the content of the problem solving focuses on the identification of editions. The General Catalogue of the Four Libraries evaluates it as "knowledgeable and discerning".

Before Qian Zeng compiled the "Reading Minqiu Ji", he inherited the collection of his father Qian Yisu, and collected and copied them from many sources, making his collection richer and richer. He also selected the essence of the collection to write solutions and compiled them into 4 volumes of "Reading Sensitive Notes". The book uses a book classification of a subset of the history of the classics. There are 6 categories of the jing part, such as liturgical music, calligraphy, rhyme book, book, number, primary school, etc.; 10 categories of the history part, such as seasonality, instrument use, food scripture, seed art, feng yang, biography, genealogy, kedi, geographical public opinion map, and beizhi; sub-part miscellaneous family, peasant family, soldier family, astronomy, five elements, liu nong, Taiyi, Qimen, calendar, bu zheng, astrological life, xiangfa, house scripture, burial book, physician, acupuncture, Materia medica, typhoid fever, regent, art, and class family; and 4 categories of poetry collection, general collection, poetry commentary, and words. A total of 634 books have been bibliographed. Each book in the bibliography is marked with the completion of the volume, the name of the author, or the source stream of the author, or the examination and criticism; for the clumsiness of the writing and engraving of a book, there are many discussions on the distinction between the good and bad of the version.

This article will analyze how the "Reading Minzhi Zhizhi" is published in editions. After the "Reading Minqiu" was handed down, a certain law was found in the identification method for book editions. Qian once proposed to determine the age of the book engraving and brushing from different characteristics such as engraving, font, paper, ink color, etc., and to evaluate the quality of the book's version from the aspects of initial printing, reprinting, original edition, and re-engraving.

The so-called edition bibliography refers to various types of bibliographies, and the characteristics of the content and form of various book editions are accurately recorded in certain ways and methods. Through this record, the book can be understood and confirmed, thus playing a role in revealing the value of the book. The bibliography is also one of the most important manifestations of the value of versionualism.

As for the distinction between editions, it depends mainly on the time of publication, the place of publication, the publisher and the type of edition (i.e., the method of publication), in other words, the main thing is when, where, who is responsible, and how the book is written. Of course, if you are more detailed, it also includes words such as the number of words in the line, the width and narrowness of the layout, the characteristics of the paper, the form of binding, and even the batch of proofreading inscriptions, seals, engravings, etc.

"Reading Sensitive Notes" records the books in the form of reading miscellaneous notes and book inscriptions. There is no fixed heading and format for recording the method, except for the title of the book and the number of volumes. Therefore, in terms of the rules of bibliography, what can be found in this book is the bibliography, the title of the book and its arrangement. or objectively record the author, content, or edition of the book. Or see things and think of people, express the feelings in your heart. And Qian's style in this book is long and long, short without words, brushstrokes, eclectic. It has a style similar to the flexible and natural style of prose essays.

In terms of edition writings, the author pays more attention to the bibliography of the edition than the previous bibliophiles. The writings are more detailed in terms of the similarities and differences between the engravings and the similarities and differences in the engravings of the various books included. Among the 634 articles in the book, there are more than 180 articles that explicitly talk about the version, involving various types such as song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing old engravings, old copies, shadow manuscripts, Shugutang manuscripts, foreign manuscripts, textbooks, textbooks, and manuscripts.

The bibliography of the bibliography of the bibliography of the bibliographic editions of the books mostly involves the characteristics of the preface, seal, layout, font, ink color, paper, knife engraving, reprint, reprint, etc., and uses this to evaluate the quality of the book.

Here are a list of individual entries in each of the four volumes of the book.

Volume 1 "Zhou Yi" article, record its collection of books printed: "The beginning of the volume has "Zhenyuan" and "Boya" two pictures, I know that Mr. Fengzhou also collected books. "Jingshi Yi Biography" "gives four kinds of old manuscripts, one of which is very good calligraphy". The Spring and Autumn Classics (Southern Song Dynasty engravings) article cloud: "The ink is as new as new, one by one before and after the leaves, each note is a certain book as a certain word, should be from a certain book is positive." These books are not complete, for example, the ancient tibetan players, who receive half a piece of the wood kiln remnants, are regarded as the arch of the heavenly sphere, and the zhenku classics are in the state. The Article of the Spring and Autumn Ram Sutra On He Xiu Xie Xie points out the difference between the interpretation of the text engraving in the sutra, which can be used as the basis for identifying the Northern Song and Southern Song inscriptions. "Dialects", on the other hand, "paper and ink are good".

Volume II, "Lu Ban Construction of the Six Volumes of the French Style", "Give the scope of the rules and regulations of the rope ruler, and the scope of good work through the ages." However, these books are all forgeries of later generations, and they are not true from Banye. In this entry, Qian rigorously debated the falsity and the authenticity of the book. The Article of the Zizhi Tongjian discusses the binding cloud of the Song Ben: "My family's Tongjian has a large character Song Ben, and there is a Song people who wear hands and half a step. Carved and skeletonized, the outer title of the silk is all around, still decorated by the Song people, and has not been ordered by others. Fan Chengda's "Wu Junzhi" article describes the characteristics of this Song ben: "The Song carved book has a note in the notes, but this and Gao Lu's "Warring States Policy", he did not see it." ”

Volume III, "Shao Zi Huang Ji Jing Shi Yan Shu Shu From this, we can see Qian's pragmatic attitude towards the edition of the bibliography. The article of "Records of Clouds and Smoke Passing By Eyes" on the whirlwind of the Tang periodicals: "According to legend, the book "Rhyme" written by Cai Luan is scattered in the human world. Yu Congling Ji had seen its true deeds... Look at the leaves one by one and turn to the end. Still combined into one volume. Zhang Bangji's "Ink Zhuang Manga" Cloud Whirlwind Leaf Is This, the Wonder Treasure of the True Kuang Dynasty... Since the Northern Song Dynasty, this book has been published, and the decoration skills are extraordinary. Yu Xing encountered this rhyme and saw the Tang Dynasty Scroll Yi Old View. This fully reflects Qian's style of reading notes-style version bibliography.

Volume IV, "One Hundred and Thirty Volumes of the Edict of the Tang Dynasty", is based on the particularity of this book, and tells in detail the anecdotes behind this book. Typical reading note style. "Tao Yuanming Collection" article, "This is a famous buyer from the Song carved shadow imitator, pen and ink flying, the words between the lines have an irrepressible trend, depending on the Song carving if encountered." "The Collected Writings of Wang Youcheng", "At this moment it is the Masha Song Plate". The Bai's Collected Writings "is a small Song plate hidden by JingLian of the Song clan of Jinhua, with a picture of it, a cute ancient fragrance, and a more proficient in The Fengchang Ben." "Yu Bosheng Dao Guoxue Ancient Record" is exquisitely engraved, and the Xingshi Ben has since been carved. "New Sculpture Correction of the Great Character Bai's Irony" "re-copied in the South China Sea of Caoyun." Kaiban Hongshuang, carved and skeletonized, is the best in the Song Ben. ”

Although only a few excerpts are taken from each of the four volumes of the "Reading Minqiu Ji", it is a glimpse of the leopard. Reading notes refer to the notes made when reading a book in order to record their own reading experience or to sort out the wonderful parts of the text. Judging from its title, the word "reading" is implicitly expressed in the style of the book's edition of each book. This kind of detailed and concise commentary based on different books reflects an eclectic style. It is not a simple list of tables. This is one of the unique ways in which this book is published in editions.

Because in Qian Zeng's previous public and private bibliographies, there are few like him who pay attention to editions and related features. Therefore, Qian once had pioneering contributions to the development of the bibliography of the editions of later generations. His style of reading inscriptions also deeply influenced future generations. For example, the formation of the "Four Libraries Concise Catalog Annotation" and its style.