On the morning of June 22, 716, the fourth year of The Fourth Year of the Reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, the Hao Sun was empty, outside Chang'an City, and the people camped, and there was a peaceful atmosphere. Inside the Tai Chi Palace's Baifu Hall, however, there was an oppressive atmosphere, and the Taishang Emperor Li Danlong's body was not safe, and it was like a dry lamp near the fuel, and it would not last long. Li Dan was 55 years old, and among the Li Tang royal family, this age was not small. His grandfather Li Shimin lived 52 years, his father Li Zhi lived 56 years old, and his brother Li Xian lived 55 years. They all have inherited cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, high blood pressure, high blood lipids, after the age of 50, the incidence is high, and it is sudden, either myocardial infarction or cerebral infarction.
Emperor Li Longji and Song King Li Chengqi, Shen Wang Li Chengyi, Qi Wang Li (Long) Fan, Xue Wang Li (Long) Ye and others stood in front of the sickbed, their faces full of sorrow. Li Dan's gaze swept over the faces of his sons one by one, full of relief. The Li Tang Dynasty has reached its own hands, and it has been in the fifth dynasty (not counting Wu Zhou), but every generation has killed bloody rain and blood on the issue of heirs, and none of them have been on the throne normally. In Li Yuan's hands, Li Shimin and the Jiancheng Yuanji brothers killed each other. In Li Shimin's hands, Li Chengqian and Li Tai brothers fought each other. In Li Zhi's hands, his sons were slaughtered by Empress Wu. In Li Xian's hands, the crown prince Li Chongjun launched the Xuanwumen Rebellion and was killed. Only in Li Dan's hands, the sons realized the beautiful picture of brotherhood and brotherhood.
Li Dan has not done anything major in his life, and if you give him an accurate evaluation, it is a "let" word.
In June 22, 662, Li Dan was born in June 22, 662, and was Li Zhi's fourth son, and according to normal circumstances, his fate was doomed from birth. He was a prince, able to hold a large number of titles, but could not participate in state affairs, read every day, practice words, listen to songs, watch dances, make friends with a group of literati and scholars, and spend his life leisurely. Fate is arranged in this way, li Dan is also planned in this way, he is humble and studious, cursive writing is very good, especially in the field of textual exhortation, extremely profound.
Li Zhi first named him Li Xulun, which means rising sun in the east. Later, it was renamed Li Lun, and then later renamed Li Dan, in fact, one meaning is that the sun is rising. In short, Li Zhi hopes that he will always be the rising sun, emitting brilliant brilliance, and not illuminating everything like the sun in the sky.
But the fate of man is really unpredictable. His three older brothers, dead and dead, especially Li Xian, became emperors and were ousted from power. In the first year of the reign of Emperor Sisheng (684), his mother Empress Wu put the unprepared Li Dan on the emperor's throne and changed his era name to "Civilization". But Li Dan felt that her mother was not civilized at all, she was overbearing, murderous, and did not choose relatives. Poisoning your own children without blinking an eye. Any stumbling block in front of her, or what she considers a stumbling block, will be kicked away without hesitation. Li Dan understood that the only way he could survive was to try not to become a stumbling block for Wu Hou.
Therefore, although Li Dan became emperor, he was a veritable puppet, he retreated to the deep palace, read and practiced all day, and never heard about state affairs. Xu Jingye and Pei Yan were killed one after another, which further strengthened his determination to be a puppet. Xu Jingye's banner was to let Empress Wu return to power Li Dan, and Pei Yan went to the table at the same time and made the same suggestion, and Empress Wu then thought that Xu Jingye and Pei Yan were in the same group, and the two guys wanted to overthrow Empress Wu.
In the first month of the second year of the arch (686), Empress Wu issued an edict stating that she would return the government to Li Dan. Li Dan was well aware of the stakes involved, and several times he went to the table and vigorously resigned, claiming that his ability was too weak to take on this heavy responsibility, and asked his mother to continue to rule the dynasty and help him take care of state affairs. Wu Hou pushed the boat along the water, and ten thousand reluctantly accepted Li Dan's request, telling the group of ministers, I am old, more than sixty years old, I don't want to overwork, but my son can't do it, unless I let me help him, what can I do.
This is Li Dan's first "let".
In the first year of the Tianzhi Dynasty (690), hundreds of officials, clansmen, foreign relatives, Siyi chieftains, and even monks and nuns and Daoist monks all went to the table to persuade them to enter and ask empress Wu to become emperor. Li Dan quickly went to the table to persuade him to enter and asked for the surname of Wu. In September of the same year, Empress Wu officially became emperor, honored with the title of Emperor of the Holy Spirit, and changed the name of the country to Zhou. Li Dan was demoted to the rank of imperial heir, given the surname Wu, and moved to the Eastern Palace, and all ceremonies were compared to the specifications of the crown prince.
This is Li Dan's second "concession".
Although Li Dan gave up the throne, he was still the crown prince, the future crown prince, and of course he had become a thorn in the eyes of the Wu clan people, and he would want to get rid of it quickly. So a vagabond named Wang Qingzhi brought hundreds of people to write to Wu Zetian and asked Wu Chengsi to be the crown prince. Wu Zetian personally received him and asked, Crown Prince is my own son, why do you want me to abolish him? Wang Qingzhi said that gods do not eat incense offered by heretics, and people do not burn paper on the graves of other people's ancestors. Now that it is the Great Zhou Dynasty, how can a person with the surname Li be made the prince?
Wu Zetian was very happy to hear this, and wrote him a note, you hold this note, you can come to me at any time, the doorman will not stop you. Wang Qingzhi was very happy, and he came to Wu Zetian without anything to do, and really regarded himself as an onion. After a long time, Wu Zetian got bored and asked The Deputy Prime Minister Li Zhaode to teach him a lesson and let him understand what he had eaten and grown up. Li Zhaode immediately pulled out and beat Wang Qingzhi to death. Go back and tell Wu Zetian that Wu Dan is your son, Wu Chengsi is your nephew, and in the future you still expect Wu Dan to burn paper on your grave, and you have never heard of your nephew burning paper on your aunt's grave. Wu Zetian listened and felt that what Li Zhaode said was good and reasonable.
But in the final analysis, Wu Zetian still wanted to establish the Wu clan as the queen, and on the fifteenth day of the first month, Wu Zetian offered the first sacrifice, which should have been offered by the crown prince Li (Wu) Danya, but Wu Zetian did not let Li Dan come forward, but let the Wei king Wu Chengsi Ya sacrifice, and the Liang king Wu Thought twice about the final offering. In fact, this is a very obvious signal, that is, Wu Zetian is ready to abandon Li Dan and establish another Wu Chengsi.
Soon, Wu Zetian's favored concubine Wei Tuan'er seduced Li Dan, but Li Dan sternly refused, and Wei Tuan'er became angry and falsely accused Li Dan's Concubines Liu and Dou Fei of cursing Wu Zetian with witchcraft. Wu Zetian couldn't help but say that he summoned the second concubine into the palace, beat her to death, dug a pit and buried it, and no one knew where she was buried. Li Dan knew that the two concubines were missing, but pretended that nothing had happened, and greeted Wu Zetian as usual, looking at him calmly. A few days later, someone accused Wei Tuan'er of seducing Li Dan, and Wu Zetian killed Wei Tuan'er.
In fact, from common sense, Wei Tuan'er's affairs are unbelievable. Although Li Dan was the crown prince, he was no different from a prisoner, everyone avoided it, for fear of provoking fire, Wei Tuan'er was deeply favored by Wu Zetian, and since he was a person with a deep heart and a deep heart, she let the donkey kick up and seduce Li Dan? Therefore, her seduction of Li Dan could only be arranged by Wu Zetian, and the accusation of Liu Dou's second concubine was also arranged by Wu Zetian, who just wanted to see the truest thoughts of Li Dan in his heart. If Wu Zetian killed Li Dan's two daughters-in-law, Li Dan would have been quite critical of Wu Zetian, or showed resentment and dissatisfaction, indicating that this son could not stay and had to be killed. However, Li Dan not only did not have abnormal emotions, but was more filial piety, and Wu Zetian could not grasp Li Dan's handle, so he became angry at Wei Tuan'er's incompetence and killed Wei Tuan'er.
Immediately after that, two more people were beheaded in Xishi because they did not get Wu Zetian's consent to meet Li Dan privately. Since then, Li Dan has been completely isolated from the courtiers. Subsequently, someone falsely accused Li Dan of plotting rebellion, and Wu Zetian asked Lai Junchen to try the case. Lai Junchen everyone knows that there is no case that he cannot try, and not long ago Di Renjie was arrested by Lai Junchen and put in prison, almost killed. Fortunately, Di Renjie was clever, pretended to confess his guilt, and took the time to send someone to complain to Wu Zetian, only to pick up a life. Therefore, Wu Zetian asked Lai Junchen to try Li Dan's case, just to kill Li Dan.
Lai Junchen arrested the people around Li Dan and asked them, one by one could not bear the torture, scrambled to confess one after another, Li Dan really wanted to rebel, seeing that Li Dan's life was about to be finished, Legong An Jinzang told Lai Junchen that the prince had no intention of rebellion, if you do not believe, I am willing to dissect myself. After saying that, he took a knife and cut open his abdomen, and his internal organs flowed to the ground. Wu Zetian heard the news, sent someone to carry An Jinzang to the palace, asked the doctor to sew his belly with mulberry leather thread, and put on hemostatic drugs, and An Jinzang woke up the next day. Wu Zetian personally comforted me, sighed and said, my son has a grievance can not personally tell me, but also let you a musician use such extreme means to tell me, this is my mistake. So let Lai Junchen stop at this point, and Li Danfang picked up a life.
Wu Chengsi and Wu Sansi were still not dead-hearted, and told Wu Zetian many times that since ancient times, if there was any reason for people with different surnames to be princes, hurry up and choose one from between the two of us, and wait for a long time. Wu Zetian wavered, and then under the persuasion of Di Renjie and a group of courtiers, and Zhang Yizhi's brother Zhang Changzong pushed the waves, the Khitan leader Sun Wanrong responded outside, and many parties joined forces, Wu Zetian saw that Erwu was indeed unpopular, and people thought about Tang, so he broke the idea of establishing Erwu as the crown prince.
At this time, Li Dan's situation was very embarrassing. If Erwu could not replace Li Dan as crown prince, then Li Dan would be the future heir to the throne of Wu Zetian. However, Wu Zetian did not want to pass the throne to Li Dan, and if this problem was not solved, Li Dan was likely to die of a violent illness one day, so Erwu still had the opportunity to be made crown prince. Therefore, Di Renjie and others thought of a compromise solution, that is, to make the deposed Luling King Li Xian the crown prince. Li Xian was deposed at the beginning, and had been living in Fangzhou for fourteen years, without his own power, and was a sinner, and he was recalled to Wu Zetian only with gratitude and no resentment. Unlike Li Dan, who resigned from the emperor, he has always been the crown prince, and his identity is sensitive. Therefore, the appointment of Li Xian as crown prince to replace Li Dan was also acceptable to Wu Zetian.
In March of the first year of the Great Zhou Dynasty (698), Li Xian was secretly taken back to Luoyang. In September, Li Dan requested Wu Zetian to resign as crown prince and cede it to Li Xian. Wu Zetian agreed.
This is Li Dan's third "let".
Zhang Kamzhi and others launched the Divine Dragon Rebellion to overthrow Wu Zetian, and at that time Li Dan was in control of the Forbidden Army of the Southern Province, and he also made great contributions in action. Li Xian, on the reward of merit and deeds, wanted to make Li Dan the emperor's brother-in-law, meaning that after his death, Li Dan would take the throne and would not pass it on to his son. Just like later Zhao Kuangyin established Zhao Guangyi as the emperor's brother-in-law. However, Li Dan resolutely resigned, and Li Xian fell off the donkey and no longer insisted.
This is Li Dan's fourth "concession".
Li Xian's crown prince Li Chongjun, forced by Wei Hou and An Le and Wu Sansi's father and son, launched the Xuanwumen Rebellion and killed Wu Sansi's father and son, but was killed by Wei Hou An Le. Princess Anle and Zong Chuke and others then informed Li Xian, who was Li Dan's mastermind behind Li Chongjun. Li Xian then asked the official Attendant and Imperial Historian Xiao Zhizhong to investigate the matter thoroughly, and Xiao Zhizhong cried and told Li Xian that he wanted To be the crown prince of Xiangwang (referring to Li Dan, who was named The Prince of An Guoxiang by Li Xian), and he repeatedly requested Empress Zetian to give up the position of prince to His Majesty, and His Majesty had today. This is known to the sea, how can you doubt him? Li Xian listened to it before giving up. Wu Jing, the Right Supplementary Que Junyi, also said, "The ridicule of the ruler dousu (referring to Emperor Wen of Han's killing of his brother the king of Huainan) must not be careless; the poem of "Green Fly" (green fly is a villain who offers rumors), is good and fearful! ”
Empress Wei and An Le poisoned Li Xian, made Li Chongmao emperor, and Li Longji and Princess Taiping joined forces to launch the Xuanwumen Rebellion and help Li Dan ascend to the throne. Because Li Longji had meritorious service, Li Dan made Li Longji the crown prince. Li Longji is the third oldest, known as Sanlang, originally did not have qualifications, but the eldest brother Li Chengqi also played the father's "good to let" style, resolutely improper prince, ceded to Li Longji. Li Longji later repaid Li with a peach, and li Chengqi was called "Let the Emperor", meaning that he was the emperor who was given to him by the eldest brother.
Soon, Li Longji and Princess Taiping were in the same situation, and the two nephews each developed a group of concubines, and it seemed that a fire was about to come. At this time, Li Dan's situation was very similar to that of Li Yuan, but Li Dan made a very wise choice and avoided the tragic fate of repeating Li Yuan's mistakes.
In June of the ninth year of Wu De, the comet appeared in the sky many times, and Li Jiancheng sent someone to report to Li Yuan that Taibai was in the sky, and the king of Qin should have the world. Li Yuan then summoned Li Shimin to the palace and wanted to take Li Shimin down on the spot, but Li Shimin was in a hurry, framed Li Jiancheng for committing adultery in the harem, and launched the Xuanwumen Rebellion the next day, killing Jiancheng Yuanji and forcing Li Yuan to abdicate.
In late July of the first year of Emperor Ruizong of Tang (712), the same comet appeared in the west, and the same Princess Taiping sent someone to tell Li Dan, "Therefore, the comet removes the old cloth and the new, and the crown prince should be the son of heaven." Originally it was a sentence that provoked dissension, but I didn't expect Li Dan's brain circuit to be different, and I was overjoyed to hear it: "Pass on virtue to avoid disasters, and I am determined to do it!" So he pushed the boat along the water and wanted to pass the throne to Li Longji. This completely disrupted the deployment of Princess Taiping, who had hoped to get rid of Li Longji by Li Dan's hand, but they did not expect that Li Dan was not Li Yuan. Princess Taiping was confused at once, and quickly persuaded Li Dan to dispel this idea, and His Majesty Chunqiu Zhengsheng (not very old) could not give up the throne so early.
But Li Dan said that when my brother Li Xian was reigning, there were also comets in the sky, and I also advised him to quickly give up the throne to the crown prince, but he did not listen, which frightened me that I could not eat for several days. Now that it's my turn, how can I persuade others to do it, but I can't do it myself? When Li Longji heard about this, he also thought that Li Dan was testing him, after all, it was unreasonable. Hurry to ride into the palace, fall to your knees, prostrate your head like pounding garlic, I am already a non-divided thought when I am the prince, but you want to give the throne to me, why? I would like to cede the position of prince to my eldest brother. Li Dan said, when you become emperor, you are to relieve my disasters and worries, what else do you have to doubt? Li Longji still had to resign, and Li Dan said, If you can really be a filial son, why wait until I die before taking the throne? The implication is that filial piety is not pretended, but grandson is pretended.
On the first day of August, Li Longji became emperor, and Li Dan became the Emperor Taishang, which was Li Dan's fifth "concession".
On June 30, the first year of the new century (713), Princess Taiping plotted to launch a mutiny and wanted to poison Li Longji by the hands of the palace people, and the situation was precarious. On the third day of the first month of July, Li Longji took the lead and killed Princess Taiping's henchmen, and Princess Taiping ran to a monastery in Zhongnan Mountain, and three days later turned herself in. Li Dan was shocked to hear the news, and quickly ran to Li Longji to intercede, hoping to keep her alive. After all, there is only such a sister, and when she dies, she will be gone. Li Longji was unmoved, Li Dan returned disappointed, Princess Taiping was given death, and her sons were slaughtered.
In fact, after doing so, it seems that the most important factor why Li Longji was able to overthrow Princess Taiping was that Li Dan immediately decided to cede the throne to him. Because being an emperor and being a prince are two completely different things, being an emperor, the name is justified, many people are willing to fight with their lives and work with him, launching a mutiny is to counter the chaos, and the appeal and influence are self-evident. However, if he became a prince, launching a mutiny would be a rebellion, and there were very few people who followed him. Li Longji also had concerns before he started, alarming the Emperor Taishang. The subordinates said that you are all emperors, and the whole world will count you as big, who are you afraid of alarming?
At noon in June 22, 716, the fourth year of the new century, when the clouds covered the sun, Li Dan looked at the full hall of children and grandchildren, thinking of his life's tolerance and ups and downs, sorrow and joy, and passed away.
Throughout Li Dan's life, in fact, it is only the word "willing to give". These two words are easier said than done. Mencius said that a man of good name can make a country of a thousand multiplications; if he is not a man, he will eat bean soup in color. For all sentient beings, there are too many things that cannot be abandoned, power, money, love, fame, and all kinds of obsessions, but they are reluctant and unbearable. Wu Dalang did not give up Pan Jinlian, causing a great disaster to kill himself; Lin Daiyu did not give up Jia Baoyu, and eventually Xiang Yu died. There is a sacrifice to have, there is a need to give, there is a gain, there is a sacrifice, how to choose, really need great wisdom, and patience beyond all mortals.
Sima Guang, the author of the Zizhi Tongjian, could not help but sigh: King Xiang was generous and respectful, and he was peaceful and kind, so he was spared the world of Wu and Wei. The word "good to let" can be described as a word of blood.
"Zizhi Tongjian" is a political textbook written by Sima Guang to Song Shenzong to be a good emperor, Huanghuang three million words, the reason is not much, the case can not be said to be exquisite, the age can not be said to be not long, from the Spring and Autumn Period to the five generations, showing the vicissitudes of the rise and fall of many dynasties in this thousand years of time, revealing the historical development law contained in it. How many people in the future have learned inexhaustible throughout their lives. At that time, he was appreciated by Song Shenzong, who thought that he could view the past and rule the Tao, so it was called "Zizhi Tongjian". This set of books consumed Sima Guang's nineteen years of time, and within two years of writing, he died of exhaustion. He said in the "Jin Zi Zhi Tong Jian Table": "The subject is paralyzed, his eyes are faint, his teeth are few, and his consciousness is depleted. The energy of the subject is exhausted in this book. ”
Wang Yinglin, a historian of the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "Since the existence of the book deed, there has never been a person like the "General Commentary". ”
At the end of the Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Hu San Province: "If you do not know the Tongjian as a king, you want to rule but do not know the source of autonomy, and if you do not know the art of preventing chaos, if you are a subject and do not know the Tongjian, you will not be able to do anything to the king, and you will not be able to rule the people below; if you do not know the Tongjian as a son of man, you will be humiliated first, and it is not enough to do things later." ”
Zeng Guofan of the Qing Dynasty: "Stealing the book of the ancestors and astonishing the world, Mo is good at Sima Wenzheng's "Zizhi Tongjian", and its ancient treatises are eclectic and open-minded." ”
The old man has commented on the Zizhi Tongjian seventeen times, almost read through, many pages are glued with transparent tape, he commented: "Every reading benefits a lot." A rare good book... There are two great books in China, one is the "Records of History" and the other is the "Zizhi Tongjian", both of which are written by talented people in the context of political disillusionment... The "Tongjian" writes about war, which is really written with vigor and vigor, very expressive, and full of dialectics. ”
Doctor Feng Tang read the "Zizhi Tongjian" five times, and then went to a multinational consulting company to become a partner, with a net worth of hundreds of millions. He said that I had been watching it since I was in middle school, and after reading it several times and meditating on it, I could give advice to the emperor in the book, and if I didn't do what I said, I would "weep to the palace" if I didn't do it.
All in all, the Zizhi Tongjian is a guide to how we live and work. Now people like to read in pieces, fast food reading, in fact, these readings are not very helpful to people. Fast food has no nutrition, it is high in oil and salt, and it will only make you eat greasy and fat. Fragment reading is like a dry food snack, no matter how full you eat, you can't compare with a meal. "Zizhi Tongjian" is a big meal, we have to read it repeatedly, read it several times, we can cultivate human feelings and be insightful in the world. What workplace sense soul chicken soup, it's all packed.
The "Zizhi Tongjian" should be read in the comparative version of the text. Sima Guang is a very outstanding literary scholar, the words are very elaborate, and it is simply a literary feast to read. If any friend encounters a roadblock, look at the vernacular translation. In fact, except for a very few strange words, most people can understand. Some people look at the vernacular version in order to save trouble, and they can't experience the exquisite and peaceful beauty of ancient characters. The beauty of many texts and words cannot be translated in the vernacular, and even the most intelligent translators cannot do this, not to mention that the level of the text of some translations themselves is debatable.
Read books with tenacity, but also within comfort. Otherwise it is not enjoyment, but suffering. Every day, you don't need to read two pages, and you can basically read a historical story. After reading and taking some notes, summarize what is written in this paragraph, what help you have, in less than a year, your ability to deal with the world can crush ninety percent of the people around you.
For a grassroots, how can you improve yourself, stand out, be valued by leaders, and adapt to a competitive society? There is nothing but reading, reading good books. Everything is inferior, but the reading is high. Don't believe that reading is useless, the person who says this is either stupid or bad, or he does not recognize the importance of reading, and has not tasted the benefits of reading. Reading can really change your destiny, especially if the people around you don't read, you have to read. This way you can go one step higher and complete the class jump.
Encourage the kings.
Hurry up and get an order to get a set, just two cups of coffee money.
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