It is said that the four famous Dan talk about Shang Xiaoyun

Hu Yidao talked about the ten Shang Xiaoyun of the famous Peking Opera artists

In that year, when the four famous Dan were selected, the seats were Mei, Cheng, Xun, and Shang, except for Mei sitting as the chief, no one objected, and the other three people had their own first. But today, the whole seat seems to have been decided, Mei, Cheng, Xun, Shang, it is difficult to have any objections, and the salary pass after the death has been clearly presented.

Why is it that today, with the term "salary transmission", Shang Xiaoyun should be ranked fourth? It is very simple to say, there are still people who have been sent down, but there are really not as many as the first three. If you start from the term "art", the four famous dans all have a difficult journey, and when it comes to this issue, we can start from the standing biography.

One

Shang Xiaoyun's original hometown is the Nangong of Hebei (Qing Zhili), saying that his grandfather Shang Zhiquan had made a county order of the Qing Dynasty, and his father Shang Yuanzhao, who was an errand boy in the capital of Beijing, did not seem to be an official position. Unfortunately, he died early, leaving behind five sons and a daughter, a woman with six children, and no inheritance, and life was hard. Therefore, Shang Changchun said: "It is said that my grandmother had to pick up waste paper at that time and exchange it for fat children (soap horns) for a living. "There is no other source of livelihood than this. Later, the boss ran out alone to mix life and never found a trace. ”

Although their hometown is Nangong, Hebei, Shang Changchun said that his father only went back once. You can imagine that there is nothing to rely on in your hometown. Shang Xiaoyun ranked second in line, the famous Dequan, the eldest brother named Dehai, there is no news. The third brother was named Defu, the fourth brother was named Delai, and the fifth brother was named Delu, and when he was a child, the fourth brother and sister all fell ill and died, leaving only two, three, and five brothers. Life at home is so hard that it is hungry and full. The neighbor has a person who lives by playing and singing, and often comes into contact with the children of the Shang family, suggesting that it is better to send them to learn drama, there is always a place with a full stomach. Maybe there will be a day when people get ahead.

At the beginning, Dequan and Defu gave the Peking Opera artist Li Chunfu as apprentices. Soon, Li Lianying's nephew Li Jiliang founded the "Three Music Society" class, so he transferred to the "Three Music Society". The two brothers entered the class in March 1908, 1908. (Later, the old Wu Delu (Fu Xia) also entered this class.)

After entering the subject, the name of Qi yi Sanxi, the students of the class, are ranked with the word "three". When students first learn martial arts, they have to practice harder in basic skills than in other professions. The next year, at the age of nine, he performed on stage. Playing Huang Tianba in the drama "Zhengzhou Temple", he first appeared on stage and received praise. Unfortunately, Sanxi's mother fell ill, and when she reappeared on stage, the drama actually withdrew. The consequence of this kind of thing is to be beaten to the board, "the drama is played", which was the way of education at that time. Fortunately, there was a teacher surnamed Chen, who took a fancy to Shang Sanxi's beautiful appearance and suggested that he change to Dan foot trade. Dan Xing's teachers were Tang Zhuting, Sun Yiyun, Dai Yunfang, and Zhang Zhiquan, and because of his appearance, he resembled Chen Yiyun, so he changed it to "Xiaoyun", the word "Qixia", and the stage name "Shang Xiaoyun", which began here.

At that time, in order to adapt to the social reality, the class was still "two pots" in the Jing Cavity. Therefore, Shang Xiaoyun can sing both Zizi opera and Beijing opera. Moreover, although Kunqu opera has declined, the Beijing Opera still retains the Kunqu opera brand and the original set of Kunqu martial arts. Therefore, at that time, keban also had to teach Kunqu opera. At that time, Xiaoyun was in the science class, studying three kinds of drama: Zizi, Jingluo, and Kunqu. "Sanle Society" was run for three years, and partners Xue Gujiu (梆子老生12红) Sun Peiting (梆子老生十红) quit, so the class changed its name to "Zhengle Society" and moved to The Tea Food Hutong outside Chongxuanmen gate to continue. A white peony (Xun Huisheng), who was only two days old in the same month of the same year as Shang Xiaoyun, also entered the "Zhengle" class. In addition, there is a Zhao Tongshan, whose stage name is "Hibiscus Grass", who is also in the "Zhengle" class.

Shang Xiaoyun's martial arts foundation is thick, he can perform the Wudan drama "Take Jinling", and bai peony learned from the famous teacher Hou Junshan (old thirteen dan) "Little Cow Herding" and the brother Pang San Bald Zi co-performed, the most popular. The hibiscus grass combination is not weak, so the "Zhengle" class at that time had the name of "Zhengle Sanjie", and these three people were all the outstanding children (Shang Xiaoyun, Xun Huisheng, and Zhao Tongshan) who were called "Corey Red". At this point, it must be accompanied by a statement that Shang Xiaoyun's third brother Defu, in the early days of sitting in the section, was improperly punished and died in the class. (According to Shang Xiaoyun, he was born on the seventh day of the first lunar month in the 25th year of Guangxu - January 7, 1900 AD, two days before Xun Huisheng.) ）

Two

At the time of the graduation, Shang Xiaoyun was only sixteen years old, and the famous athletes had already joined together. When he was in The Department, he had performed with the elder Sun Juxian in "Three Niangs And godsons", so after leaving the department, Sun Da boss asked him to cooperate, in addition to Wang Chun'e, who had played before, there was Xue Yan in "Trial Head Thorn Soup" and Jiang Shi in "Cinnabar Mole". This drama has a higher reputation after the performance of Dangui Tea Garden. His master Sun Yiyun also recommended him to join Lu Sanbao's "Chuntai Society", followed by Lu Sanbao's name, learning Hua Dan, knife and horse and other plays, such as "Noble Concubine Drunk" and "Dragon Play Phoenix". Due to Shang's wisdom and hard work, the art is getting better and better. As a result, the people of the time were highly respected, and famous people such as Shi Huibao, Wang Youchen, Gao Qingkui, Wang Changlin, Gong Yunfu, etc., also invited him to cooperate in the performance of "Visiting the Mother", "Mother and Daughter Society", "Wu Jia Po" and other plays, and since then, the reputation has been as strong as the sun. Even Yang Xiaolou took a fancy to him. At the beginning of November 1919, Yang Xiaolou and Tan Xiaopei invited Shang Xiaoyun and Xun Huisheng to go south to Shenjiang together, and cooperated more than 70 times on the first stage of Dangui, and the field was full, which was praised by the people of the time as: "three small and one white under the Jiangnan". (White, referring to Xun Huisheng's stage name White Peony), sensationalism, when imaginable.

According to Mr. Ma Shaobo, "Beijing's Shuntian Times once launched a campaign to vote for the best young actor in Peking Opera, and as a result, twenty-four-year-old Mei Lanfang was elected as the King of Male Ling, Liu Xikui, who was the same age as Mei, was elected as the King of Kunling, and Nineteen-year-old Shang Xiaoyun was elected as the King of Tongling. This year, Shang Xiaoyun married Li Shuqing, a young lady of Li Shoushan. Yang Xiaolou's first rehearsal of "Chu Han Controversy", yu Ji's role, was played by Shang Xiaoyun, who performed for the first time on the first stage in Beijing. Subsequently, he joined Yang Xiaolou's "Tong Xin Society".

He has participated in and performed with them, such as the "Fuqing Society" composed of Zhu Suyun, Ci Ruiquan, Gong Yunfu and others, and the "Yuhua Society" composed of Wang Yaoqing, Mei Lanfang and others. Shang's specialty is that the singing voice is bright, the martial arts are magnetic, can sing and fight, Qingyi, Hua Dan, Daoma, all of them are good at, and Kunqu Opera's "Garden Dreams" can be performed, and "Good Period Torture Red" can also be performed. He is almost the best partner who is willing to invite him to join. However, since co-starring in "Chu Han Zheng" with Boss Yang, he strived to go upstream and wanted to be independent, so he wrote new dramas and opened up roads, asking famous people such as PuXu (Qing YiJushi) and Chen Moxiang to write scripts for him, such as "Qin Liangyu", "Lin Siniang", "Hongxiu" and other new dramas, so in the fourteenth year of the Republic of China (1925), he formed the "Xieqing Society" and began to be his own boss and foreman performance. New plays such as "Zhuo Wenjun", "Emei Sword", "Lady Huarui" and so on were all launched during this period. He such as Mei Lanfang, Xun Huisheng, Cheng Yanqiu, also led the way, and was good at winning the field, and the Beijing "Shuntian Times" held another Peking Opera Mingdan selection in the sixteenth year of the Republic of China (1927), Mei, Cheng, Xun, Xun, Cheng, Mei, Xun, Shang, Cheng, Mei, Xun, Shang, and Cheng were the four famous Dans, no matter what the ranking was, in short, Shang Xiaoyun was already one of the four famous Dans.

It is said that In the fourteenth year of the Republic of China (1925), Shang Xiaoyun organized his own "Xieqing Society" to perform in a class, and not only did he have the scribe Chen Moxiang and the Qingyi resident Puxu to write new dramas, such as "Qin Liangyu", "Lin Yuniang", "Xie Xiao'e", "Jie Yu Dang Bear", "Zhuo Wenjun" and the fashion drama "Modern Girl" and so on. Successively participating in the cooperative performance, there are Yu Shuyan, Yan Jupeng, Wang Youchen, Zhu Suyun, Ru Fulan, Qiu Guixian, Hou Xirui, Li Shoushan, Fan Baoting, Xiao Cuihua and other people, when it is conceivable that Shangzhi was elected as one of the four famous dans, it is not accidental, it should be his efforts to create a new and accumulated artistic image over the years since he left the department.

Unfortunately, in the nineteenth year of the Republic of China (1930), there was the pain of widowhood, his wife Li Shuqing (Li Shoushan's daughter) died of illness, and a year later he married Ruifang, the sister of his peer Wang Huifang, so he reorganized the "Xieqing Society" into the "Chongqing Society", and the actors updated some more, such as Tan Fuying, Li Baokui, Zhou Ruian, Cheng Jixian, Ci Ruiquan, Guo Chunshan, Zhang Yunxi, as well as his brothers Furong Cao (Zhao Tongshan) and Shang Fuxia (fifth brother Delu), all of whom were the pillars of the "Chongqing Society". In terms of screenwriting, he also added the famous owners of huanzhu lou who wrote martial arts novels, such as "Bai Luo Shirt", "Qiandu Liu Lang", "Tiger Milk Flying Immortal", "Northern Beauty", "Jiuqu Yellow River Array", "Jiuyang Bell", as well as the self-edited "White Jade Lotus", "Pipa Edge", and "Acacia Debt (Cloud Burial Lady)" edited by Qing Yijushi, all of which belong to the works of the "Chongqing She" era. Judging from the title of the script, more than half of the plays in which Wu Dan is a worker are employed. If we talk about martial arts, among the four famous Dans, Shang Xiaoyun should be the first to bow. In that year, (around the 20th year of the Republic of China, 1931), it should be the development of Pi Huang opera, the period of stepping to the peak, the birth of Dan and the net ugliness have new creations, and in terms of discussion, it is necessary to have the most and the most outstanding plays of the four famous Dans. They have opened up a vast artistic world for Pi Huang opera.

Three

Shang Xiaoyun's drama features, a "gang" word can be included.

Singing, there is a metaphor for "iron voice and steel throat". Zuo, known as "Dawu Dan". The so-called "Great Wu Dan" is said to be "big" and "small" in terms of "Wusheng". In other words, dramas like Shang Xiaoyun's popularity, such as "Taking Jinling" (Bone Zi Old Drama) and "Nineteen Heroes of Qingcheng", are by no means the appearance of ordinary Wudan or DaoMaDan, and he often plays Liu Jinding (taking Jinling) like a female husband. The bravery of the start of the fight, even the opponent's martial arts. I also think of the forest table, the sound cavity of the large section of the slow plate, it is really like bending into a circle, and putting it into a straight steel bar. Hugh said something else, a play that has been handed down as "Princess Hamming". We can clearly see Shang's performance, which is simply a big martial artist's waist and legs, not today's Dan feet can be learned. It is said that the script of "Nineteen Heroes of Qingcheng" should belong to the work of Dao Ma Dan. But Shang's performance is the waist and leg of the Great WuSheng Gongjia. Unfortunately, this play did not survive.

Regarding the play "Take Jinling", Shang Changchun recorded his father's performance form. However, it can be recorded here: "For example, he played Liu Jinding, from "Double Lock Mountain", it is a flower shirt play. Then there is "Four Doors of Female Killing", which is a Wudan play. Then "Burning The Aftermath" is another Wudan drama. These three plays are all traditional folding plays, the main characters are Liu Jinding, generally should be played by two actors from different professions. But the father was alone. This is something that very few other actors can do. Therefore, this play, my father will be full every time he plays. In recent years, this "Take Jinling" can still see someone performing from time to time, but if you want to see the stage of the performance of the boss shang at that time, there is no way to get it.

Fortunately, Shang's on-stage shadow appearance left "Han Mingfei" and "Lost Son Crazy" (a fold in "Qiankun Fushou Mirror"), the former by his eldest son Shang Changchun as Ma Tong, Xiao Shengxuan (Xiao Changhua's son) as Wang Long, the shadow of this play, the song and dance of the plug, and the "Han Mingfei" transmitted by the same person brought by Gu Zhengqiu, which is very different, the singing performed by Gu Is a blowing variation, and the singing performed by Shang is the official song of Kunqu Opera. The kind of great Martial Dan skill in the dance posture. It is not something that anyone who can learn today's Kun Foot can learn. As for the "Lost Son Crazy" of "Qiankun Fushou Mirror", it is already a performance of Shang's twilight year. The second son Shang Changlin plays the maid Shouchun, and the younger son Shang Changrong plays the golden-eyed leopard of the mountain king. From this fold of Shangpai art, it shows the skills of a Zhenggong Qingyi, singing, making a table, especially the love rhyme of the line cavity and spitting words, and the fineness of the water sleeves of the steps, which indeed has its unique style mark of Shangmen. Together with "Princess Haming", it is counted that when making a hand-style figure, it is exposed to the elbow from time to time, as if it is a ladyless posture.

Mr. Ma Shaobo said that in the drama of "Royal Monument Pavilion", Meng Yuehua sped away in the rain to produce a slippery slope and completed the "Three Slides of the Shang Family", which can be described as one of the best. He said: "When he played Meng Yuehua of the 'Royal Monument Pavilion', he showed that she was anxious to visit her father's illness, but also did not trust her sister-in-law to stay at home alone, regardless of the wind and rain. Hurry on the road. In the dragging cavity of the sentence 'as soon as you go out, you encounter heavy rain from the sky', a 'three-slide step' figure is designed, first 'front planting', showing the unsteadiness of standing on the muddy road, followed by 'back flash', the footsteps slide down, almost sitting on the ground. Another 'far slip style', after the performance leaned forward and flashed back, finally lost its balance, only to see the legs stretched forward from one corner of the stage to the other corner. The three slides are closely linked, which has both a sense of reality and artistic beauty, which is good to look at! "This figure is exquisite and meticulous and very in line with the reality of life, needless to say, watching here from the stage, it will be applauded." Even if you read the account of this text, you can also imagine the artistic beauty of this performance.

In the ten years after the "May Fourth", the European wind gradually moved east, the Western trend was blowing, and the Pi Huang team also competed to rehearse new fashion plays. The four famous Dan have all choreographed this new drama, among which Shang Xiaoyun's "Modern Ganu" is the most fashionable and foreign. Shangzi Changchun's text describes the performance of this play. He said: "In the twenties, my father also acted in some fashion plays, like 'Modern Girl'. In this play, he plays a modern woman, permed, wears Indian-style clothing, stockings and high heels under his feet, and finally dances the English dance. In order to dance this dance, he specifically invited an English dance teacher to teach it. In this play, Western instruments such as pianos and small yangqins are also used. At that time, Yang Baozhong was helping his father, and after each performance of 'Dingjun Mountain', he immediately unloaded his clothes, changed into suits and leather shoes, picked up the violin, and played the piano together to accompany his father's English dance. At that time, it was Mr. Wu Xiaoru's sister who played the piano. Father's play has different evaluations. However, as long as the play is performed, the ticket price will cost a dollar. ......”

Calculated, Shang Xiaoyun's theatrical creation, no less than thirty books, is also divided into two ways like other artists, one way is to sort out old plays, and the other way is to create new plays.

Four

When the eldest son, Shang Changchun, was seven years old, he was sent to Fulian Chengkeban.

At this time, Shang Xiaoyun was helping Fu Liancheng, studying the YuanZi Subject, and Shang Changchun was a day student, but practicing, learning drama, and eating were the same as other students who were studying. Because the class taught a "cinnabar mole", Pai Shang Changchun did not learn from the protagonist, but the patient Wu Huiquan. First of all, Shang Fuxia knew, thinking that their Family, in the days when Fu Liancheng was sluggish, the brothers both came to help, sent a child to learn drama, and actually taught him to learn side matching, which was too unmerciful. In this way, he told his brother that the next day he would not ask Shang Changchun to go to Fu Liancheng to go to school and visit another teacher. At the same time, it is also the rise of why not run a class yourself? Shang Changchun wrote: "After coming out (leaving Fu Liancheng), I invited two teachers to teach drama at home, and then found a dozen children of the same age as me to accompany me to play and sing opera." There were eighteen people in all, and we called them the 'Eighteen Sons'. After that, one after another people came to the door and asked to join. At home, I thought about it, add eighteen more, and let's have a 'thirty-six friends'. Just finished recruiting and came again. And more and more, almost every day people ask to join. How can this be done? The family said that I belonged to the dragon, or I would pick the dragon and make a hundred dragons! But it still can't work, and the people who come to the door are still constant. Just open up and collect it! Simply run a science class, and in the future it will be good to cultivate a group of talents..." But with reasonable feelings, Shang Xiaoyun founded the "Rongchun Society" class, which originated from Shang Changchun's study of drama in Fuliancheng and did not receive special care, so he automatically dropped out of school, arousing his idea of running his own science class, and this legend has been popular in the theater art world for a long time. When the Shang clan decided to set up a science class, it was on the eve of the War of Resistance Against Japan, and not only did the "Chinese Opera School" founded by Cheng Yanqiu and others stop running due to financial difficulties, but even "Fu Liancheng" was also struggling to support it. During this period, the Shang clan rose up and announced that they wanted to establish a class, but their relatives and friends advised them not to listen, and finally at the beginning of the twenty-sixth year of the Republic of China (1937) (Mr. Ma Shaobo said that the "Rongchun Society" was established on February 15, 1936, see Mao Jiahua's book "Two Hundred Years of Peking Opera History", printed by the Cultural Construction Committee of the Executive Yuan), named "Rongchun Society", which was specially appointed as its president. Students who enter the science are ranked by the word "Rong and Chun", and the third subject is ranked by the word "long and happy". Although Shang Xiaoyun has been running in the "Rongchun Society" for more than ten years, he has only run two departments, and he has almost finished his real estate for many years, but he still has not been able to continue to maintain. It was discontinued in 1949.

From the beginning of shang's establishment of the "Rongchun Society" class, it was determined to abolish the contract system similar to "selling oneself" in the old style of class disciples. And corrected the old habit of only teaching art and not teaching Xiwen. Moreover, the students in the family must maintain a full and warm degree in food and clothing. He said: "The yesterday of my childhood class life must not be the life of these children's class today. He also said: "This place is a school for cultivating Peking Opera talents, not a shopping mall for making money and making profits." Do not grease student meals. "It sounds like I can't be moved by Shang's big and straight heart!"

Mr. Ma Shaobo's article said that when Shang founded the class, he originally wanted to admit more than ten apprentices at home. Coincidentally, the "Chinese Opera School" was suspended, and the scattered students asked to continue their studies at the "Rongchun Society", and Shang agreed. The "Wenlin Society" class in Jinhua County, Zhejiang Province, in the south, was also suspended. More than a hundred students were also promised by the "Rongchun Society" and became one. Since then, there have been three hundred and twenty disciples who have entered the discipline. It was even bigger than the "Fu Lian Cheng" class at that time.

Five

After the "Rongchun Society" was discontinued, in November 1949, the "Shang Xiaoyun Opera Troupe" was established, and the new play "North Country Beauty" (later renamed "Mo Dai") was performed by himself. There are also plots of modern themes such as "Night Return" and "Taiyuan Shuangxiong". Later, he also reorganized the plays such as "Twelve Golden Darts", "Zhong Kui Marrying Sister", "Princess Pingyang", "Blood Splash pear blossom pavilion", "Emei Restaurant" and other plays, which not only toured in major cities, but also reached Liangguang in the south, Yungui, and qilu in the east. In the spring of 1959, he moved to Xi'an and served as the artistic director of the Shaanxi Provincial Opera School. After contacting the Jin Dynasty and Shaanxi Qin, he re-edited the "Pearl Fire Banner" as "The Princess of Shuangyang", and commentators say that this play can be listed as "Double Bi" in Peking Opera along with Mei Lanfang's "Mu Guiying Hanging Marshal".

In January 1964, the Shaanxi Provincial Peking Opera House was established, and Shang Shi was appointed as the first president. In Xi'an, he led the opera and cultivated the backwards. At the time when he was vigorously striving for success, in the past ten years, he was slandered by old accounts and encountered cruel PH, and died at 5:00 a.m. on April 15, 1974, at the age of seventy-six.

Six

Shang Xiaoyun's temperament is fierce, he is upright, and he is a hero and a righteous man. Therefore, he lost half of his life savings to start the "Rongchun Society" class, a move known as "destroying the family and running the school". These four words are well deserved!

Although his "Rong Chun Society" only ran two subjects, the name of the first scientific student was "Rong" and "Chun" as the row, "Rong" was in the middle word, and the word "Chun" was in the last word. The second section is ranked by the words "long" and "hi", both of which are placed in the middle of the name. Such as Yang Ronghuan and Jing Rongqing of the Tou family; Shang Changchun, Wang Yongchun and so on. Shang Changlin, Li Xihong, and so on from the second section. Like Yang Ronghuan is already one of the four little celebrities, Jing Rongqing is also the leader of the net line. Unfortunately, Shang Changlin passed away early, and he could have inherited his father's mantle, but unfortunately he died early. The eldest son, Shang Changchun, learned martial arts, and the youngest son, Shang Changrong, was a jingxing, and although he was already in the head and famous all over the world, he was not Ke Shao's father's Danxing after all. Among the students, li xiang and Sun Mingzhu were mainly two people, who were paying for the art of the Shang school.

Speaking of which, although Shang Xiaoyun's "Rongchun Society" class only ran two subjects before and after, it took only ten years. However, in order to assist the students' art, Shang Shi had the opportunity to improve, and always appeared with two feet in order to lead the students to perform on stage. The foot color in the play that the audience can not forget is the second lady in "Proud Edge" and the other is Empress Xiao in "Shilang Visiting Mother". I think that back then, whenever the "Rongchun Society" class posted "Proud Edge", in order to see the audience of Shang Xiaoyun playing the second lady, there were more people than to see the main feet Di Yunluan and Lu Kunjie. For the fate of Lang Xiayu, played by Shang, after letting go of her daughter, it is the most popular.

Empress Xiao of "Silang Visiting Mother" took Wang Yaoqing, the lord of the Tongtian Sect, as her personal leader in the early years, and later, she was well received by the Shang clan Qixia, and although the image of this play was not recorded, the sound was spread in all directions. Empress Xiao, who performed "Silang Visiting Mother" and Empress Xiao who had two folds in "Thief Order" and "Hui Ling", most of them sounded like the Shang Sect, even if they could yang qigang regrettably failed to form its softness, euphemism and beauty were even more beautiful.

There is also a "Qiankun Fushou Mirror", the female protagonist's foot is Mrs. Hu's, but in the "Rongchun Society" class era, Shang shi also often matches students, playing the role of Shouchun in the play, but also like "Proud Edge", Shouchun is often in the eyes of the audience, but it is seen as the protagonist. Vulgar cloud: "The drama is performed by people", admittedly! In short, Shang Xiaoyun's position among the four famous people cannot be moved by anyone.