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What is the level of Chinese intelligence compared to the United States?

author:Tight explanation

AI is one of the most transformative technologies of the 21st century and the focus of competition between China and the United States. What is the level of Chinese intelligence compared to the United States? This paper will compare and analyze the AI innovation level of China and the United States from four aspects: basic support, innovation resources and environment, scientific and technological research and development, industry and application, summarize the current situation and gap of artificial intelligence in China and the United States, and finally put forward the challenges and opportunities of Chinese Intelligence.

What is the level of Chinese intelligence compared to the United States?

First of all, in terms of basic support, the United States still maintains a clear advantage. The United States is far ahead of China in terms of the education level of basic artificial intelligence disciplines, the construction level of information infrastructure, and the investment level of computing power infrastructure. For example, according to the statistics of the 2021 Global Artificial Intelligence Innovation Index report, the United States ranks among the world's top 200 universities in mathematics, physics and neuroscience with 48, 55 and 69 respectively, while China has 39, 14 and 4 respectively; The U.S. has more than 20 times as many data centers as China; The United States ranks second in the number of "TOP 500" supercomputing centers in the world, second only to China, but its supercomputing centers have higher performance and efficiency than China. In addition, the United States also has many world-class artificial intelligence research institutions and experts and scholars, such as Stanford University, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Google Brain, etc., which have strong academic influence and leadership in the field of artificial intelligence.

What is the level of Chinese intelligence compared to the United States?

Second, in terms of innovation resources and environment, China and the United States have their own advantages. China has surpassed the United States in terms of the scale of AI practitioners, the number of AI enterprises and the scale of financing, showing strong market demand and entrepreneurial vitality.

For example, according to the 2021 Global AI Innovation Index report, China (1.3 million) graduate more than four times as many computer students each year as the United States; China (185,000) computer scientists are more than three times that of the United States (65,000); China has 880 AI companies, ranking second in the world in terms of number, an increase of about 7% year-on-year compared with 2020; AI companies have received a total of US$46.2 billion in investment, ranking second in the world; With an average financing of US$53 million per company, it ranks first in the world. However, the United States is more complete and mature than China in terms of AI policy formulation, law and regulation construction, and ethical norms, which provides a good institutional guarantee and social environment for the development of artificial intelligence.

For example, according to the statistics of the 2020 Sino-US AI Industry In-depth Report, the United States has issued nearly 100 policy documents and laws and regulations on artificial intelligence, covering various aspects such as artificial intelligence research and development, application, and supervision; At present, China lacks a unified and systematic system of AI laws and regulations.

Third, in terms of scientific and technological research and development, China and the United States are equal. China ranks first in the world in terms of AI-related paper output, patent applications and authorizations, showing strong scientific research strength and innovation momentum. For example, according to the statistics of the 2021 Global Artificial Intelligence Innovation Index Report, Chinese scholars published a total of 68,000 AI-related papers in 2020, of which a total of 4,019 papers were published in top AI journals and top conferences, the number of which was the first in the world; in 2020, the number of AI patent applications and authorizations continued to grow, 62,000 and 21,000, respectively, an increase of 7.6% and 2.8% year-on-year. However, the United States still has an advantage in the breakthrough and leadership of artificial intelligence core technology. The quality and impact of papers published in top AI journals and conferences in the United States are higher than those in China; The United States is also ahead of China in the quantity and quality of AI open source projects; The number of winners of important awards such as the Nobel Prize and the Turing Award in the field of artificial intelligence in the United States is also far larger than that of China.

Finally, in terms of industry and application, China and the United States have their own characteristics. China's rapid rise in the development of 5G, Internet of Things and other related technologies has provided strong support for the deep application of artificial intelligence.

For example, according to the statistics of the 2021 Global Artificial Intelligence Innovation Index report, China's 5G technology patent authorization has jumped to the first place in the world, and the number of Internet of Things companies entering the world's top 500 has increased slightly compared with 2020, accounting for about half of the global total. China is also ahead of the United States in the richness and breadth of AI application scenarios, especially in the fields of healthcare, education, finance, and security.

For example, according to the statistics of the 2020 China-US AI Industry In-Depth Report, there are more than 100 medical AI companies in China, of which many have achieved synchronous diagnosis or auxiliary diagnosis with doctors; There are more than 200 educational AI companies in China, many of which have implemented personalized learning or intelligent tutoring; There are more than 300 financial AI companies in China, many of which have implemented intelligent risk control or intelligent investment advisory; There are more than 400 security AI companies in China, many of which have implemented face recognition or behavioral analysis.

However, the United States still dominates the core competitiveness and international influence of the artificial intelligence industry. The United States has many world-renowned artificial intelligence giants, such as Google, Microsoft, Amazon, Facebook, etc., which far surpass China in terms of market capitalization, revenue and profit in the field of artificial intelligence; The United States also has many world-leading artificial intelligence innovative enterprises, such as Tesla, SpaceX, OpenAI, etc., which lead the global trend in innovative models, innovative products and innovative services in the field of artificial intelligence.

To sum up, it can be seen that compared with the United States, there is still a big gap in basic support for Chinese intelligence, each with its own advantages in innovation resources and environment, on a par in scientific and technological research and development, and in industry and application. Overall, Chinese intelligence has entered the world's first echelon, and the gap with the United States is narrowing. However, in order to realize the transformation from a follower to a leader, Chinese needs to make more efforts and contributions in basic support, innovation resources and environment, scientific and technological research and development, industry and application.

So, what are the challenges and opportunities for Chinese intelligence? This paper believes that Chinese Engineering Intelligence faces the following challenges and opportunities:

The first is the challenge of technical security and data security.

The development of artificial intelligence is inseparable from a large number of data and algorithms, which also brings risks to technical security and data security. For example, AI can be maliciously tampered with or attacked, causing system failure or causing harm; Artificial intelligence may leak or abuse users' privacy or sensitive data, resulting in damage to users' rights and interests or social unrest; Artificial intelligence may trigger or exacerbate new types of conflicts such as cyber warfare and information warfare, threatening national security or international stability. Therefore, China needs to strengthen the supervision and protection of AI technology security and data security, establish sound technical standards, data specifications, security reviews and other institutional mechanisms, and improve the reliability and credibility of AI.

The second is the challenge of ethics, morality and social responsibility.

The development of artificial intelligence involves not only technical issues, but also ethical and social responsibility issues. For example, artificial intelligence may lead to changes or conflicts in human values, morals, and legal views, causing confusion or crisis in social ethics and morality; Artificial intelligence may lead to changes or imbalances in employment structure, income distribution, social class, etc., causing social and economic inequality or instability; Artificial intelligence may cause changes or loss of control in human cognition, emotions, behavior, etc., causing confusion or crisis in human self-awareness. Therefore, China needs to strengthen research and education on AI ethics and social responsibility, establish sound ethical standards, responsibility mechanisms, dispute resolution and other institutional mechanisms, and improve the sustainability and acceptability of AI.

Third, opportunities for international cooperation and competition.

Artificial intelligence is an interdisciplinary, cross-domain and cross-border technology, and its development requires extensive international cooperation and competition. For example, international cooperation can promote the exchange and sharing of artificial intelligence technology, and improve the level and effect of artificial intelligence technology; International cooperation can promote the harmonization and unification of AI standards and improve the applicability and compatibility of AI standards; International cooperation can promote consultation and collaboration on AI governance, and improve the effectiveness and fairness of AI governance. At the same time, international competition can also promote the innovation and progress of artificial intelligence technology, and improve the competitiveness and influence of artificial intelligence technology; International competition can also promote the optimization and development of the artificial intelligence industry and improve the value and efficiency of the artificial intelligence industry; International competition can also promote the formulation and implementation of AI strategies, and improve the goals and realization of AI strategies. Therefore, China needs to actively participate in and promote international cooperation and competition, adhere to the concept of open and inclusive cooperation, and adhere to the concept of independent and innovative competition to achieve the win-win development of artificial intelligence.

What is the level of Chinese intelligence compared to the United States?

In short, compared with the United States, Chinese intelligence has entered the world's first echelon in terms of basic support, innovation resources and environment, scientific and technological research and development, industry and application, and the gap with the United States is narrowing. However, in order to realize the transformation from a follower to a leader, Chinese needs to make more efforts and contributions in basic support, innovation resources and environment, scientific and technological research and development, industry and application. At the same time, Chinese intelligence also faces challenges and opportunities in technical security and data security, ethics and social responsibility, international cooperation and competition. Only in this way can China win the initiative and advantage in the scientific and technological revolution of artificial intelligence, and provide strong impetus and support for national development and national rejuvenation.

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