Ti Gong Guan is an official position unique to the Song Dynasty, which is short for "mentioning the official affairs of the prison". In the Song Dynasty, there were many criminal officials, but he was the only one who was well-known like Song Ci. The TV series "Great Song Ti Criminal Officer" has created an image of Song Ci who is good at judging cases and is just and upright, because this role is so successful that when it comes to the criminal officer, people will think of Song Ci played by He Bing.
So, what is the historical Song Ci?
Song Ci was born into a family of judges, and his father, Song Gong, served as an envoy to Jiedushi, the official in charge of prisons in the shogunate. Song Gong is a conscientious and responsible judge, he is very professional, and he has spent his life studying the detection of criminal cases and summing up his experience and methods. It was precisely because of his father's edification and teaching that Song Ci had the ability to judge cases later and the character of being upright and upright.
When Song Ci was ten years old, he also worshiped under Zhu Xi's younger brother, and his teachers were Huang Gan, Li Fangzi and other famous Confucians. Song Ci has shown his extraordinary personality since he was a child, he is talented and intelligent, has excellent grades, is good at finding clues, and attaches importance to practice.
When Song Ci was nineteen years old, he entered The Capital to enter Taixue, and Dr. Zhen Dexiu of Taixue admired Song Ci's articles and accepted him as a disciple. Song Ci did not live up to the expectations of his teachers, and in the tenth year of Jiading, he was admitted to the high school in one fell swoop, and was also awarded the official position of county lieutenant.
However, fate made a big joke to Song Ci, and just when Song Ci was about to take office, the news of his father's death came. Song Mercy was so distressed that he did not go to his post and returned home to keep filial piety for his father.
It was not until the second year of Baoguang (1226) that the forty-year-old Song Ci finally embarked on his career. From a genius, forced to "become a late bloomer", Song Ci matured a lot and persevered a lot.
When Song Ci first took office, what made him famous was not that he was good at judging cases, but that he was brave in fighting. When Song Ci was the chief bookkeeper of Xinfeng County in Jiangxi Province, there was a rebellion by ethnic minorities in the local area, which was a disaster. Song Ci was appointed as a military staff officer because of his outstanding talents and went to lead the troops to suppress the rebellion. When he was leaving, his friend wrote a poem to Song Ci and hoped that he would be kind to the people.
Song Ci scrupulously abided by his friend's advice, on the one hand, he helped the victims of the disaster, gathered the people, and recruited the thieves, on the other hand, he personally led three hundred soldiers to break through the recalcitrant Shimen Village and capture the leader of the thieves.
Later, on the recommendation of his teacher Zhen Dexiu, Song Ci went to Minzhong to suppress the rebellion. This time, Song Ci led the army to break through the bamboo, pursuing more than three hundred miles all the way, and defeating all the thieves. Song Ci's bravery and strategy have amazed the battle-hardened commanders, praising him for being more loyal than a warrior.
The military merits made Song Ci gradually emerge and be reused. In the fourth year of Shaoding (1231), Song Ci was appointed as Changting Zhi County. The background of Song Ci's arrival was very grim, when the Southern Song Dynasty soldiers were defeated in Beijing, Jia Rudao's abuse of power led to corruption in the government, and the people's lives became more and more difficult. The people of Changting County are more difficult, and the high price of salt has brought great burdens to the people.
As soon as Song Ci took office, he immediately diverted the route of the salt and then lowered the price of salt. This move benefited the people and also made Song Ci win the love of the people.
In the first year of Jiaxi (1237), when Song Ci was transferred to shaowujun, he suffered another famine, and the powerful merchants hoarded their homes and raised the price of grain, resulting in the people's livelihood. Song Ci saw the situation and said angrily, "The Qiangzong Giant Chamber, first went to avoid endowments, and finally closed the temple to invite profits, I should be his plan." (General History of Chinese Medicine, Ancient Volumes)
Song Ci divided the people into five classes, the richer they were, the more grain they gave, and the poorer they received, the more relief they received. Under the iron fist of Song Ci, the rich families did not dare to disobey, and the people successfully survived the disaster year.
Song Ci's official eunuch career was very frequent, but every time he went to a place, no matter how long he performed his duties, he could always exert benevolent and good governance to benefit the people, and the people all praised Song Ci, and Song Ci gradually became famous.
In the third year of Jiaxi (1239), Song Ci proposed to cantonese prison, which was his part-time job, but he regarded it as his own. During the Song Dynasty, there were no advanced scientific instruments and systematic judgment procedures, and many officials in charge of prisons could only administer, so they often made subjective judgments when judging cases, resulting in the frequent occurrence of unjust, false and wrongly decided cases.
Song Ci had zero tolerance for unjust, false and wrongly decided cases, and as soon as he took office, he immediately investigated the officials under his command, dismissed them from corruption and perverted the law and dereliction of duty, and formulated a statute for handling cases, ordering the officials to abide by them. Soon, the local prison was clear, and the long-standing backlog of criminals was dealt with fairly.
After that, Song Ci successively served as a prison in Jiangxi and a prison in Hunan. As long as Song Ci went to the place, the local people would cheer and shout that the blue sky was coming. Song Charity is good at judging cases and is also good at cultivating talents, and the level of judgment of prison officials everywhere he goes will be greatly improved.
Of course, Song Ci's greatest contribution was the "Collection of Washed Grievances" compiled by him. Song Ci collected all the experiences and methods she summed up in the process of handling the case into this book. Song Ci also invented forensic science creatively, and his attitude toward corpses was that everything served the actual purpose of examination. Song Ci was born under the idealistic Zhu Xi, but he strictly adhered to the professional ethics of the inspector and proposed not to be bound by traditional concepts, and to comprehensively examine the body, even if it was a secret part.
In the "Collection of Washed Grievances", Song Ci also summarized many advanced autopsy methods, such as using an open oil umbrella to examine the wounds of the bones, "the autopsy and bone wounds, the traces are not present, the corpse is splashed with lees (wine lees) and vinegar, and the place where the desire is covered with a new oil silk or an open oil umbrella in the open air, and the sun is seen by the umbrella, and the traces appear." If it rains, take a hot charcoal insulation. This good law also". (The Collected Works of The Wash of Grievances)
This method of examining bone damage is the same as using ultraviolet radiation, and It is admirable that Song Ci was able to conclude such a method without the support of modern scientific principles.
The publication of the Collected Works of Injustice was transformative, and it not only promoted the development of ancient forensic science, but also had an impact on modern forensic science. To this day, the Collected Works of Washed Grievances is still the textbook for many forensic science students. This book written by Song Ci thousands of years ago, after the baptism of time, still shines with wisdom.
Song Ci summed up a sentence with his tough life: A criminal officer who cannot fight is not a good parent official.