Text|No. 7-Song
Careful netizens asked: The maximum load of many new energy vehicles is very low, and the maximum load is basically around 370kg-450kg. But to know that men around 30 years old, the weight is basically between 70kg-110kg, the four 100kg men do not need to bring any luggage, add up to 400kg, and a little luggage can easily exceed the maximum load of the car.
In this way, new energy vehicles are not very reliable!
Is the loading quality of new energy vehicles really low?
First of all, we need to clarify how the car loading quality comes from.
Simply put, it is the maximum full load mass (total mass) of the car minus the curb weight. And the maximum full load mass (total mass), curb weight these data, in the announcement of the car factory, they are like the person's ID card information.
Therefore, we can obtain an official data. For example, the following table is a statistical summary of common new energy models on the market.
It should be noted that there may be slight deviations between different models of the same model, generally fluctuating between 5kg-30kg, this table is only a preliminary reference.
As can be seen from this table, it is true that the loading mass of most new energy vehicles is concentrated around 400kg.
But there are also like the ideal L9, GAC Toyota bZ4X, Buick E5, and even more than 600kg, not to say that the new energy load must be low.
Of course, we still have to start from the overall data. So is this data too low compared to fuel vehicles?
Let's also take the hot-selling fuel models on the market as an example and compare the gap between the two.
It should be noted that there may be slight deviations between different models of the same model, generally fluctuating between 5kg-30kg, this table is only a preliminary reference.
From the comparison table, it can be seen that fuel vehicles are generally stronger than new energy loads, more than 450kg abound, 500kg + per water. Aside from the relatively low load of BYD's models, the load of fuel vehicles is also stronger in comparison with other statistics.
Why is the nominal maximum load of new energy low?
The maximum load and the maximum full load mass are closely related, although the car does not have requirements for the maximum load, but there are clear regulations on the maximum full load mass.
GB 1589-2016 "Dimensions, axle load and mass limits of the outer contour of automobiles, trailers and automobile trains" mentions that the maximum allowable total mass of passenger cars is 4500kg.
But for our daily cars, it is almost impossible to achieve this value, and it is already about the weight of two cars. Unless it is some RVs, it is possible to approach this upper limit, RVs generally take 3.5 tons as the maximum total mass, such as Mercedes-Benz Sprint RV curb weight 3055kg, maximum total mass 3550kg.
Based on these points, the maximum full load mass of common passenger cars such as sedans and SUVs is indeed not high.
Why this is done, we can only go backwards through the quality of the design.
For example, BYD obviously adopts the idea of setting the maximum full load mass according to the number of seats - 75kg/person. In the table below, you can see that these models calculate the load based on the rated number of passengers. Based on this principle, after adding the curb weight, it is the maximum full load mass.
This is not the words of BYD, in fact, the recommended national standard GB/T 5910-1998 "Automobile Quality Distribution" has stipulated, "nominal design loading quality ≥ standard quality of passengers + standard quality of luggage".
BYD's data is exactly "75=68+7", which meets the standard requirements. So after switching to the national standard, we can correct what the above mentioned 75kg/person means, it refers to a person's weight of 68kg, and the mass of baggage is 7kg.
Of course, there are also car companies that do not account according to this. For example, the five-seat version of the NIO ES6 has a maximum load of 490kg, which translates to 98kg of weight for each person. The ideal L9 six-seater has a maximum load of 600kg, which translates to 100kg per person. The Buick E5 has a maximum load of 625kg, which translates to 125kg per person, which is simply a big man and can also bring a large suitcase.
Therefore, from the perspective of standard requirements, as long as it can meet the requirements of the national standard, how to mark the load depends on the design ideas of the car company.
What happens if the car exceeds the nominal maximum loading mass?
I think there must be two issues that everyone is most concerned about:
1. Does the car exceed the nominal maximum load affect safety, battery life and other indicators?
From the perspective of load capacity, the car can fully withstand more than the nominal maximum load, which is not a concern.
But we still worry about its impact on safety, drivability, battery life, etc.
The braking distance of the car is strictly related to the maximum full load mass of the car in the design. But from the test data, in fact, the braking distance of BYD, Tesla and other models is not low at all. For example, the braking distance of BYD Yuan PLUS is about 36 meters per 100 kilometers, the braking distance of BMW X3 100 kilometers is about 36 meters, and the braking distance of GAC Toyota bZ4X is 40 meters per 100 kilometers.
In fact, mechanically speaking, the braking distance is directly related to the initial speed, friction, air resistance and other factors, and these direct factors do not include the weight of the whole vehicle. Of course, in reality, due to the unevenness of the ground, there will be vibrations in three directions (related to mass), resulting in friction and mass dependence. Therefore, the braking distance is related to the speed and quality of the vehicle, where the speed is the main cause and the quality is only the secondary factor. And from the results backwards, car companies have not reduced the braking distance requirements because of the low total quality.
For the cruising range test, because the car will not be loaded to the maximum full load and then tested, there will be no routine to obtain a higher cruising range due to reduced loading quality.
2. The maximum load bearing is 375kg, and the actual load exceeds 375kg, is it overloaded?
If checked, it really is. Article 54 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China mentions that "the load weight of a motor vehicle shall not exceed the approved load on the motor vehicle driving license".
For example, on my driving license, you can see that the total mass and curb weight are clearly marked.
Of course, most of the time the traffic police will not make a penalty because of this. It's just that everyone should know that this is a factor that is penalized.
summary
From the perspective of use, the nominal maximum load of new energy vehicles is relatively low, and usually does not cause experience degradation. Some car companies make the theoretical data very low, and I think it doesn't seem to have much effect except for looking better on the driver's license.
This is also why, some people think that this data is arbitrary, as long as it is not lower than the minimum limit of 75kg/person.