Text/A lake
The late Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu, whose life of forty-nine years was hurried, but his experience was very intensive, and he also left too many famous sentences for posterity: "Four hundred and eighty temples in the southern dynasty, how many buildings are in the smoke and rain", "A red dust concubine laughs, no one knows that it is a lychee coming", "Parking and sitting in love with the maple forest at night, frost leaves red in February flowers", "Ask the restaurant where there is, the shepherd boy remotely refers to the apricot blossom village"...
In 803, the Du family in Jingzhao Wannian (present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi) gave birth to a male baby, the thirteenth in the family, according to Tang customs, called "Du Thirteen", the character Muzhi, that is, Du Muzhi. Du Mu's father, Du Congguan (杜官) to Wailang (外郎), a driver, and his grandfather was Du You, the chancellor of the Middle Tang Dynasty, who wrote two hundred volumes of the General Code. Born into a famous family and a family origin, this is what Du Mu is proud of in his life, and it is also the origin of his self-confidence.
Du Mu grew up reading history books and studying articles under the guidance of his grandfather, and received a good education. However, after the death of his grandfather and father one after another, the family road gradually fell, and the fifteen-year-old Du Mu and his brother and mother sat on the mountain and ate the sky, and later they could only rely on family support to live. Du Mu, who had great ambitions, did not delay his studies because of this, and he also paid constant attention to the affairs of the world, and the maladministration of the imperial court was in his eyes and eager in his heart, and the enthusiastic young man wrote a magnificent "Afang Palace Endowment" with a stroke of his pen, the language was magnificent and colorful, the thinking was sharp and high, and the rhythm was harmonious and catchy, "Those who destroy the six kingdoms are also six countries, not Qin, not Qin, not qin", such a true insight is very profound, and I hope that those in power can wake up, exert themselves to govern, enrich the people and strengthen the army, and do not repeat the mistakes of history.
As soon as this article came out, it amazed the literati circle, people rushed to read it, Du Mu soon became famous, at this time Du Mu was only in his early twenties, he had not yet participated in the scientific expedition, and then wrote a long five-word ancient poem "Sentimental Poems" to commemorate the prosperous era of the Tang Dynasty, express his views on the military disaster in Fanzhen, and express his sorrow and bitterness about the status quo. This set of lyrical poems on political themes is very exciting and very shocking.
With the blessing of these works, the 26-year-old Du Mu participated in the scientific examination smoothly and the first, and in the same year, he took the examination in the Xianliang Fangzheng Straight Talk Extreme Advice Section, and was awarded the official Hongwenguan School Scrivener. Young talents, full of ambition, want to do a great cause, like their ancestors to serve the country.
However, the reality after taking office was that he saw more faint dynastic governments, there were feudal towns outside, eunuchs inside, and there were cattle and Li party disputes in the court, Du Mu lamented that the Tang Dynasty was difficult to return, did not want to stay in Chang'an, and went to Hongzhou (Nanchang) after less than a year of office, and The Jiangxi Observation Envoy Shen Chuanshi hired him as a training inspector for the Jiangxi regiment. Shen Chuanshi is a famous calligrapher, the Shen brothers are very fond of interacting with the literati, and the Du family is a family friend, so Du Mu often goes in and out of the Shen family, and when he comes and goes, there is a famous emotional story.
Part of the "Preface to the Poetry of Zhang Haohao"
Du Mu, a literary young man who was mercurial, was moved by a singer named Zhang Hao in the Shen family, but before he could make a decision, Shen Chuanshi's brother took her as a concubine, and Du Mu could only nest in his heart. Unexpectedly, the world changed, but six years later, he met in Luoyang, Zhang Haohao had fallen into the street to sell wine because of the death of his husband Jun, and his old friends were reunited, Zhang Haohao was concerned and asked Du Mu if he was doing well, why was he so young and had to be white, why was he upset? Du Mu has five tastes and miscellaneous chen, thousands of emotions, crying friends, sighing himself, writing a five-word long "Zhang Haohao Poem" to give her, full of emotions to write elegant and handsome, has become a famous calligraphy masterpiece in history, after several generations, now collected in the National Palace Museum.
Du Mu also wrote poems for another famous singer, that is, the Jinling beauty Du Qiuniang who sang "The Golden Robe", Du Qiuniang's story is well known, a golden song singing all his life, from the moderation of Li Kun's concubine, to being forced into the palace as a slave, and then with this song became Xianzong's qiu concubine, and then became Xianzong's soul confidant by wisdom, and after Muzong took the throne, he became the teaching nanny of the crown prince Li Shuo, although bumpy but fortunately transitioned safely. Perhaps it is "Golden Silk Clothing" that gives Du Qiuniang the life inspiration of "living in the present", and Du Qiuniang returned to her hometown in Jinling after Li Qiuniang was deposed, and she can also be satisfied with weaving fabrics for a living. Du Mu met Du Qiuniang, who was once brilliant in Jinling, who was now old and poor, and wrote "Du Qiu Niang's Poem" under his feelings, which was a popular poem throughout the country for a while, and Li Shangyin also wrote a poem praising: "Du Mu Si Xun Zi Mu Zhi, a Du Qiu poem in QingQiu." ”
Du Qiu Niang figure
Du Mu, who had written "The Theory of War" and "The Theory of Acceptance" and annotated the thirteen articles of Sun Tzu's Art of War, did not attract the attention of the imperial court, but instead wrote poems to the singers and became a red person, and how could Du Mu, who was full of ambitions to serve the country, not be depressed. The carnival of the wind is just another expression of loneliness, just like the loneliness of the heart turns into a bottle of wine and a comforting smile.
The most famous thing that made Du Mu leave a reputation was in Yangzhou, where the Huainan Jiedushi niu monks and children hired him as a push official, and later as the secretary of the head. At that time, the literati as staff was also a kind of curve transition, and the staff had the opportunity to directly enter the army, so the curtain master was also equivalent to making resource reserves for his political future, and the work for talents was generally relatively idle. Du Mu had nowhere to show his ambitions, and his personality was uninhibited, and in a place like Yangzhou, he often feasted everywhere, and the skeleton of the waves was like a wandering, "it was a true celebrity who was flowing from the wind", so that when he was promoted to the imperial court inspector Yushi to leave Yangzhou, the cow monks and children advised him to return to the imperial court as an official to pay attention to his own behavior, and took out a small box, which was filled with notes, all of which were records of sending people to secretly follow Du Mu in and out of the happy scene, I don't know if this move in addition to the warning intentions of Big Brother Niu, is there also some kind of hint of the Niu Party?
Many years later, Du Mu remembered his fate with Yangzhou, remembered those days of indulgent singing and dancing, and wrote "Remembrance" to be self-sentimental:
The rivers and lakes carry the wine line, and the waist of Chu is slender and light in the palm.
Ten years of Yangzhou dream, won the Qinglou Bo fortunate name.
Du Mu, who returned to Chang'an, could not stand the eunuch's court, and could only passively sabotage, applying to go to the eastern capital Luoyang, and in August he went to Luoyang to take up his post, and in November, there was a change in the nectar of the bloody court, and he was very fortunate to have escaped the disaster. In the chaos of the official scene in Kyoto, he could not help but miss the ease of Yangzhou, and when he wrote to his friend Han Qi, he wrote a poem "Sending Yangzhou Han Qiu Judge":
The green mountains are hidden by the water, and the grass in jiangnan has not withered in autumn.
On the night of the bright moon on the Twenty-Fourth Bridge, where does the jade people teach blowing pipes?
The dark political climate cannot but discourage people, in addition to the eunuch disaster, there are many years of cattle and lee party struggles, power struggles, you sing and I appear, either the east wind overwhelms the west wind or the west overwhelms the east wind, either choose one side to take sides and gamble the future, or stay away from the center of power or simply hide. Du Mu, who saw all this clearly, constantly asked for release, and Huangzhou, Chizhou, and Huzhou all left his footprints.
In Huzhou, Du Mu composed a poem that felt nostalgic for the untimely "Poem":
Since it is late to go to school in search of spring, there is no need to worry about the time of resentment.
The wind fell a deep red, and the green leaves became full of branches.
This poem was also titled "Sighing Flower Poem" in later generations, and the note-taking novel also fabricated the pink wild history story of du Muzhi's appointment for love, which was well known by generations of melon eaters. If Du Mu had known before he was alive, he did not know whether he would cry and laugh, but he lamented that in the late Tang Dynasty, which was gradually declining, it was difficult to succeed in his career, and he only ended up in the name of being handsome and handsome.
Du Mu went to Huzhou a year later and was promoted back to Chang'an, and the following year he was promoted to Zhongshu Sheren, Zhongshu Province was alias Ziwei Province, so Du Mu was also known as "Du Ziwei", and once wrote a song "Ziwei Flower" to show his inner discipline:
Xiao Ying's autumn dew is a new branch, not occupying the most spring in the garden.
Tao Li was speechless and where was it, smiling at the sunny people towards the wind.
Du Ziwei was already a 48-year-old middle-aged uncle at this time, and his ambitions in his early years were exhausted by dim politics, and he had also borrowed ancient metaphors from the present in "Bo Qinhuai" and sang the elegy of the times in advance: "The merchant girl does not know the hatred of the country, and sings the backyard flowers across the river", he no longer cares about political affairs, only focuses on repairing the ancestral business and building Fanchuan Villa, so he is called Du Fanchuan.
It is said that Du Mu had a dream when he was young, and in the dream an old immortal told him that this life was the end of Ziwei Lang. Unexpectedly, this "end" was not only the end of the official fortunes, but also a big limit, Du Mu became seriously ill in the second year of his tenure as a Zhongshu Sheren, and knowing that time was running out, he wrote his own epitaph, and then self-immolated poems, and only four or five hundred poems survived, and soon after, this outstanding literary artist with a full belly of talent but nowhere to use, and who had a reputation for being unruly, died suddenly, and the starry sky of the Tang Dynasty gradually dimmed, and there were still a few stars left li Shangyin and Wen Tingjun shining alone, and it was not far from the end.