Brief introduction
Emperor Yan (3245 BC – 3080 BC), the sun god of ancient Chinese legends. Jiang surname, number Shennong, ancient Chinese figure, there are written records of the emergence of the era after the Warring States. He is revered by the world as "Yaozu", "Wugu Xiandi", "Shennong Emperor", "Emperor of the Earth" and so on. One of the Three Emperors of Ancient China, the legendary inventor of agriculture and medicine, he tasted hundreds of herbs all over the place, there is a legend of "Shennong tastes hundreds of herbs", teaching people medical treatment and farming, the god in charge of medicine and agriculture, can bless the agricultural harvest, the health of the people, but also by the medical hall, medicine shop as a guardian god.
The Chinese call themselves descendants of Yan huang, and jointly honor emperors and yellow emperors as the first ancestors of the Chinese nation, and have become the spiritual driving force for the unity and struggle of the Chinese nation.
Emperor Yan was revered by Taoism as Shennong The Great, also known as the Five-Fold Shennong Emperor.
Revered as the Ancestor
Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang were the ancestors of China.
The "Chinese JinYu" says: "Xi Shaodian married to the Youyu clan, and gave birth to the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor. The Yellow Emperor was formed by Ji Shui (Shaanxi Wugong Qishui River), and the Yan Emperor was formed by Jiang Shui (Shaanxi Baoji Qingjiang River). So the Yellow Emperor is Ji and the Yan Emperor is Jiang. The Second Emperor used the teacher to help each other, and the reason for the different virtues was also. "This is the earliest historical record in Chinese history of the birthplace of the YanDi and the Yellow Emperor." Later, the two tribes competed for territory and launched the Battle of Hanquan, the Yellow Emperor defeated the Yan Emperor, and the two tribes gradually merged into the Huaxia (Han), the Huaxia were called Han after the Han Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty was also called the Tang people, but the Huaxia title was not abandoned. The YanDi and the Yellow Emperor were also the ancestors of Chinese culture and technology, and legend has it that they, together with their courtiers and descendants, created almost all the important inventions of antiquity. The mother is a woman of the Youjiao clan, known as nü deng, and is the concubine of Shaodian. Emperor Shengyan. It is longer than Ginger Water, so it is called "Ginger".
Legend has it that the leader of the tribe surnamed Jiang was called Emperor Yan because he knew how to use fire to get the throne. From Shennong onwards, the Tribe surnamed Jiang had nine generations of Yan Emperor, Shennongsheng Emperor Kui, Kuisheng Emperor Cheng, Chengsheng Emperor Ming, Mingsheng Emperor Zhi, Zhisheng Emperor, Yisheng Emperor Mourning, Laisheng Dike, Kesheng Emperor YuYi, and passed on the throne for 530 years.
The second generation of Yan Emperor Linkui, according to the "Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Six Classics of the Middle Times", said: "You Xi Shi Li Yue Li Shan", Li Shan, also known as Wei Shan in ancient times. According to the ancient Chinese law of falsehood, 廆 and puppet, puppet and locust, puppet and block, locust and Kui, block and Kui, Wei and Kui can be passed, so Lishan can also be called Kuishan, and Kuishan or Kuishan is in the area of Yiyang and Xin'an in present-day Luoyang. And the "Classic of Mountains and Seas, The Three Classics of the Middle Times" Yun: Ziqing Mountain "Ten miles to the east, yue yi mountain." "The Kui and the Kui are also in the same way. Guo Pu Zhuyun: 騩, "Yin Wei, a yin kui of the hustle and bustle". The mountain is forty miles west of The Mountain of Yisu, and is also in xin'an county. Originally, the second generation of Yandi Linkui or Block Kui grew and operated in this area.
The third generation of Yan Emperor Yuecheng, the Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Six Classics of the Middle Order, said: "Ninety miles to the west, the mountain of Changyao, without grass and trees, with many chalks, and the water comes out." Cheng and Yantong, often with Shangtong, this mountain can also be called Shangcheng Mountain, the mountain is in present-day Shaanxi County, Henan Province, 80 miles south, between Shaanxi County and Lingbao, this mountain is the hometown of Emperor Cheng.
The fourth generation of Shennongyan Emperor Yue Ming, "Classic of Mountains and Seas, Seven Classics of the Middle Times", said: "Fifty-two miles to the east, the mountain of Fanggao, the Ming water comes out, and the southern stream flows into the Yi water." Gao and Haotong, Hao and Haotong. It has the meaning of light and whiteness, and there is mingshui under it, and Jiugao Mountain is Fanggao Mountain, in gezhai township of present-day Yichuan County, Luoyang. The Northern Wei "Water Commentary on Yi Shui" says: Ming Shui and Kang Shui flow northwest of Wolf Gao Mountain (Jiugao Mountain), and the two waters meet at Yanjian, pass through Shuangxitou and Shengxian Temple, and then inject Yi Shui. Since ancient times, the place has been called the Ancient Land of the Emperor, and there are the Ancient Spring of the Emperor and the Ming (Ming) Spring.
Yan Diming's first fine wine here can be found in the Jin Dynasty Jiang Tong's "Wine Curse": "Where the wine is flourished, zhaozi shanghuang, or Yunyi Di, a du kang." The Ming Wanli "Zhili Ruzhou Quanzhi" records, "(Yiyang) fifty miles north of the city du kang, it is said that Du Kang made wine here, brother Mao Chai passed on its brewing method, there is Du Shui, the Water Sutra Notes kang shui. It shows that Du Kang, the originator of winemaking, also chose to make Du Kang wine here, and the name of Kang Shui is to commemorate Du Kang's exploits. Its land is on the east bank of the Yi River, about twenty miles away from the hometown of the first generation of Yandi Shennongshi, where Yandi Ming lived.
The fifth generation of The Yan Emperor Yue Zhi, also known as Yi, "Shan Hai Jing Zhongzi Three Classics" Yun: Zi Qi Shan "and forty miles to the east, the mountain of Yi Su, on which there is more gold and jade, under which there are many vines of wood, the water of the Mountains and Seas flows out, and the north flows into the river. "Yi and and, and with Xu, Xu and Su are common false, the mountain of Yi su can be called both the mountain of Yixu and the mountain of Yiyi, the mountain is in Mengjin, about one hundred and twenty miles north of the first generation of Yandi Shennongshi's hometown, as the hometown of Emperor Yi's activities."
The sixth generation of Yan Emperor yue lai, also known as Li. "Famous Doubts" Volume 1: "Yan Di Li, a work to come". The Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Four Classics of the Middle Times says: "The first of the four times of the middle times is the mountain of the deer's hooves, and there is more jade on it and more gold on its bottom." The sweet water comes out, while the north flows into Luo, which has many stones. Fifty miles to the west, the Mountain of the Pig, on which there are many gravel. There are beasts, whose shape is like a raccoon and human eyes, and its name is {deer speech}. The waters flow out of the water, while the north stream flows into Lo. One hundred and twenty miles to the west, the Mountain of Yueli, its yang and jade, its yin and search. There are beasts, which are shaped like cattle. The body, whose sound is like a baby, is a man-eater, and its name is Rhinoceros. The water of The Water of The Water of the
Li and Li homophony, Li and Lai are common false, Qing Wu Renchen quoted the "Famous Scenic Zhi" Yun: "Li Shan in the west of Song County", Li Shan in the Shan Hai Jing, Li Shan, the land is in the west of Yichuan Alpine Township, now known as Banpo Mountain, all belong to the mountain of deer hooves, Ganshui out of its yang, north through Yiyang Fandian Township, Yichuan Changchuan Township note on the Luo River. It originates in Zhaobao Township, Yiyang, and flows northwest into the Luo River. The water originates from the Banpo Mountains of Yiyang and flows southeast into the Yi River. The first deer hoof of The Mountain of Lishan is about 20 kilometers west of the hometown of the first generation of Yandi ShennongShi nian, and Yandi Li (Li, Lai) lives here. The Shan Hai Sutra records that there are beasts in the yang of the Lishan Mountains, and their shape is like an ox. The body of the heavens, whose sound is like a baby. It coincides with the legend of the first generation of Yandi Shennong, "mother and daughter climb the dragon and get pregnant, give birth to Shennong, and the head of the human bull".
The seventh generation of Yan Emperor Yueli, also known as mourning. Volume 18 of the Commentary on the Classics of Mountains and Seas, Qing Wu Renchen said: "The History of the Road Yan Emperor was born in Yanju." Therefore, Yandili (lai) is also known as Yandiju. Li, Li and Li are homophonous, indicating that the seventh generation of YanDili lives in the first generation of Yandi ShennongShi nian's hometown not far from the west.
The eighth generation of the Yan Emperor yu yi. According to the "Classic of Mountains and Seas and the Classic of Hai Nei", "Yanju Sheng Festival and Festival, Festival and Drama Instrument." Wu Renchen quoted in the "General Overview of the Outer Chronicles": "Di Li is also known as Yan ju, the stem of the knot, the stem of the knot, and the play." According to the "Imperial Approval Zizhi Tongjian Gang Current Compilation", the first note is clouded: "The stem, the ke, and the drama are not on the throne, and the kesheng son Yu Yu is standing."
Yu Yi was the grandson of JieHe and a great-grandson of Emperor Yan. "Reckless and Fang" are also common and false, so the birthplace of YuYi is also related to "Fang". Fang, in addition to the saying of "Fang Shan", there is also the saying of "Fang Ze". Tang Kaiyuan Zhanjing, vol. 118 Yun: "Sui Nest Zi: "After Xia, Fang Ze came out of the horse." "Shanxi Tongzhi" also yun: "Yu Fang Xing when Fang Ze out of the horse". Where Fang Ze was, Fang Ze was the clan residence of the later Cang clan, in the "Classic of Mountains and Seas" from the Qingyao Mountain south of the Land of Yuanzhu, this place is "Yu Father's Incarnation", is the yu father's clan residence. In the south of the ancient city of Xincheng, there was the Xin tribe (present-day Yichuan Pingping Township), and the "Table of Ancient and Modern People" of the Book of Han records: "Wife of the Carp, there is a daughter of the Xin clan". The "Water Sutra Notes yi shui" records that "the south looks at the yuanzhu, the ten miles of the Pifang, the jia around the fish reeds, the transformation of the father of Yu." In the past, there were xin women who picked mulberry in Yichuan, and got babies in kongsang, and they were long and virtuous, that is, Yi Yinye. Yishui is north of Xincheng County to the south." The Old City of Xincheng is the fiefdom of Chongbo Cang, and the Huainan Zi records: "The city of the three servants is also the beginning of the city." The early days of the area were the hometown of the first generation of Yandi Shennong Stone Year.
Biography
Battle of Zhuolu
The Battle of Zhuolu was a major battle fought more than 5,000 years ago by the Yellow Emperor clan in conjunction with the Yandi clan and the Xuanyou clan of the Dongyi clique in the area of present-day Zhuo County, Hebei Province. The purpose of the "war" was for the two sides to compete for the Central Plains, which was suitable for grazing and shallow farming. It is also the earliest recorded "war" in Chinese history, which had a major impact on the transformation of the ancient Huaxia people from the barbaric era to the era of civilization.
In the middle and late period of primitive society, three major groups of Yanhuang, Dongyi and Miaoman were gradually formed. Among them, huaxia group takes the two major tribes of the Yellow Emperor and the Yan Emperor as the core. They arose in the present-day Guanzhong Plain, southwestern Shanxi, and western Henan. After the fusion, it developed along the north and south banks of the Yellow River to the western part of the present-day North China Great Plain. At the same time, the Xuanyu tribe, which arose south of the lower reaches of the Huai River, in the border areas of present-day Henan, Suzhou, and Anhui, also under the leadership of its famous leader Xuan You, developed from the central plains from southeast to northwest based on present-day Shandong, and began to enter the Great Plains of North China.
It is said that the Xuanyu tribe is good at making weapons, its copper weapons are sophisticated and strong, and the people are brave and fierce, good at war, good at horns, and after entering north China, they first clashed head-on with the Yandi tribe. The Xuanyu clan united with the giant Kwa Father Clan and the Sanmiao Clan to defeat the YanDi Clan by force, and then occupied the "Nine Corners" inhabited by the Yan Emperor Clan, that is, "Kyushu". In order to maintain their survival, the Yandi clan asked the Yellow Emperor clan of the same group for help.
In order to safeguard the overall interests of the Yanhuang clique, the Yellow Emperor clan agreed to the request of the Yandi clan and pushed its power to the east. In this way, they encountered the Xuanyu people who were advancing northwestward in the Zhuolu region. At that time, the Xuanyu clan gathered 81 tribes (one said 72 tribes) to which they belonged, and they occupied a certain superiority in strength, so after the two sides came into contact, the Xuanyu clan relied on the conditions of a large number of people and excellent weapons, and took the initiative to attack the Yellow Emperor clan. The Yellow Emperor led a clan with bears, cats, wolves, leopards, eagles, dragons, and owls as totems to confront the Xuanyu clan, and let the "Ying Long Gao Shui", that is, take advantage of the conditions of the upper stream (known as the Ling Mountain in the Classic of Mountains and Seas) to build earthen dams on the river to store water (to charge the Xuan You village with water storage) to block the attack of the Xuan You.
After the outbreak of the "war", it coincided with thick fog and heavy storms, which was very suitable for the military operations of the Xuanyu people from the rainy environment of the east. Therefore, in the initial stage of the war, the Situation of the Yellow Emperor Clan, which is suitable for fighting in a sunny weather environment, is not favorable, and there have been nine battles and nine defeats (nine is an imaginary number, described as many times). However, not long after, the rainy season passed and the weather cleared, which provided an important opportunity for the Yellow Emperor clan to turn defeat into victory. The Yellow Emperor Clan seized the opportunity to attack the Xuannu Clan with the support of the Xuannu Clan. Taking advantage of the special favorable weather- strong winds, dust and sand, blowing trumpets, beating drums, riding the confusion and shock of the Xuanyou tribe, using a guide car to indicate the direction, driving the crowd to attack the Xuanyu tribe, and finally defeating the enemy in one fell swoop, and killing its leader Xuan You in the wilderness of Jizhou (that is, Jizhou, in present-day Hebei). The Battle of Zhuolu thus ended with the victory of the Yellow Emperor Clan. After the war, the Yanhuang clan took advantage of the victory to march east and reached the vicinity of Mount Tai, where they held a ceremony of "sealing Mount Tai" before returning triumphantly to the west. At the same time, the "Order Shaohao Qingzheng Sima Bird Division", that is, in the Dongyi Group, selected a clan leader named Shao haoqing who could be subordinated to continue to lead the Dongyi Tribal Alliance, and made the Dongyi Group and its own Yanhuang Group form an alliance, forming the initial Huaxia Tribal Alliance.
The result of the Battle of Zhuolu effectively laid the foundation for the Yanhuang clique to occupy a vast central plains region, and played a catalytic role in further integrating the clans and tribes. The Yellow Emperor, the tribal leader who won the war, has since become the common ancestor of the Chinese nation and has been gradually deified. The Battle of Zhuolu was a historic "war" in which the Chinese nation decided on its future basic appearance during its founding period.
Battle of Hansen
The Battle of Hanquan took place between the Yandi tribe and the Yellow Emperor tribe, through which the Yellow Emperor defeated the Yan Emperor, the Yan Emperor submitted to the Yellow Emperor, and the Yellow Emperor replaced the Yan Emperor as the leader of the tribes in the Yellow River Valley. Therefore, this war is the foundation battle and the key battle for the formation of the Huaxia ethnic group.
The reasons for this war are both the struggle for leadership and the struggle for land for agriculture. Originally, the Area around Jishui and Jiangshui, where the Yellow Emperor and Emperor Yan originally lived, was gradually no longer suitable for animal husbandry and agricultural production due to the flooding of the Yellow River, so the Yellow Emperor first led the tribe to begin to move east. According to historians, the Yellow Emperor first traveled south along the Northern Luoshui River to the area of present-day Dali and Chaoyi in Shaanxi, then crossed the Yellow River in the east, along the Zhongtiao Mountains and the Taihang Mountains, migrated northeast, and followed the Sanggan River to the area of Zhuolu in present-day Zhangjiakou City.
Major achievements
Significant contributions
Emperor Yan made important contributions to the survival, reproduction and development of the Chinese nation:
The production of grains and the cultivation of grains laid the foundation for agriculture and labor. The use and cultivation of grains has solved the major problem of people's food for heaven, promoted the development of agricultural production, and created conditions for the transformation of human beings from primitive nomadic life to agricultural civilization.
Establish a city, the first market. According to the "Zhou Yi ZhiXia", Shennong "serves the city in Japan, to the people of the world, to gather the goods of the world, to trade and retreat, and each gets what he wants." Shennong invented the market of Japan and China, and the barter market is the origin and cornerstone of China's currency and commercial development.
Hemp is made of cloth, and the people are clothed. Primitive people had no clothes, only covered themselves with leaves and animal skins, and after the Shennong Sect people used Ma Sang as cloth, people had clothes, which was a major step taken by mankind from a hazy society to a civilized society.
Make a five-stringed violin to enjoy the people. According to the "Shiben II", Shennong invented the musical instrument, he cut the tong into a piano, and the knot was used as a string, which was later called the Shennongqin. Shennongqin is "three feet six inches and six minutes long, with five strings on it: Yue, Gong, Shang, Horn, Zheng, and Feather". The sound emitted by this kind of piano can express the virtues of heaven and earth, express the sum of gods and farmers, and entertain people.
Cut wood into a bow to power the world. Shennong created the bow and arrow, which effectively prevented the attack of wild beasts, effectively struck at the invasion of foreign tribes, and protected people's life safety and the fruits of labor.
Make pottery and improve your life. Before the invention of pottery, people processed and processed food, only grilled with fire, with pottery, people can cook food processing, but also store items, brew wine, disinfection. The use of pottery, which improved the living conditions of human beings, had a profound impact on human dietary hygiene and the development of medicine.
In order to promote people to live regularly and cultivate crops according to the seasons, Yandi Shennong also set up calendar days, stars, day and night, set the sun and the moon, the month is thirty days, and November is the winter solstice.
Emperor Yan managed the tribe and governed the world in a very good way. He does not expect retribution, does not covet the wealth of the world, but the world is rich. Wisdom is precious to people, and the whole world respects them. He is virtuous and righteous, diligent in not rewarding the people, evil and righteous without punishment, rich instead of wrath, obedient to the people without restraint, mighty but not killed, introspective and not troubled, and the people are all respectful.
Emperor Yan was also the progenitor of Chinese education. He taught the people to use tools, the people to sow grain, the people to medicine, the people to make pottery and painting, the people to bow and arrow, animal hunting, fitness, the people to make the piano, the people to music, dance, and also taught the people wisdom. It can be seen that during the Yandi period, morality, intelligence, physique and beauty were comprehensively valued and developed.
Emperor Yandi has made great contributions to the development of mankind. The spirit of Yandi is, first of all, the spirit of entrepreneurship, the spirit of dedication, the creative spirit of daring to be the first, and the enterprising spirit of perseverance and self-improvement. The spirit of The Yandi Emperor enables the descendants of China to get rid of ignorance and barbarism and pursue advanced and civilized in the struggle against nature and society. This spirit has enabled the Chinese nation to gain a high degree of unity and unity.
As for the birthplace of Yandi, there is still no conclusion, in fact, Yandi is a deified figure, which represents the concentrated embodiment of the collective wisdom of ancient humans in the struggle against nature. Today, the "Yandi" and "Yellow Emperor" as the symbol of China's five-thousand-year civilization are recorded in the annals of world civilization, and Chinese are also called "Yanhuang Descendants". New solution to the story
Among the many deeds of the Shennong clan, the most praised and familiar is the matter of making the five grains and planting grains, which is why the Shennong clan is called "Shennong", and the word "nong" in the word "Shennong" fully reflects this great initiative.
Agriculture
As the first clan tribe of the Chinese nation to switch from fishing and hunting to farming, the Yandi Shennong clan created China's agricultural culture.
Agriculture includes three major steps: planting, harvesting reserves, and processing and eating. In the early days of the era of gathering fishing and hunting before the emergence of primitive agriculture, harvesting reserves and eating were two completely independent processes, and what people collected and stored was not necessarily edible, and what people ate was often picked and eaten, not necessarily what was previously stored, and the food that people stored was often not plant seeds. With the advent of pottery, people have a safe and effective means of storage, so that they can store food and drinking water for a long time, thus closely combining the two independent processes of collecting reserves and eating. Only in this case will people develop a large demand for obtaining plant seeds. The original cultivation industry began in the Fuxi era of using gourds as drinking utensils, and the earliest cultivation of gourds was the first one, and in the process of planting gourds, people accumulated rich planting techniques. In the Nüwa era, that is, the pottery era, once the cultivation technology and the demand for plant seeds were combined, the emergence of agriculture was also imminent. In fact, when people start planting gourds, they don't necessarily think of planting gourds because of demand, it is likely that children start planting gourds out of hobbies and play. There are three reasons for this: one is that children have a lot of free time to take care of, protect and manage the fruits of their "labor"; the second is that the gourd seed particles are large and white, which is deeply loved by people; and the third is that the gourd seed particles are large and easy to sow. In many parts of China, there is a custom of fasting gourd seeds, and adults will scare children with words such as "eat gourd seeds will grow teeth", indicating that people attach importance to and protect gourd seeds, and also hint at the long history of gourd cultivation. Primitive agriculture was born when our ancestors switched from growing gourds to growing grass plants for food seeds.
Eating grass to cure diseases is not unique to humans. Many animals have the phenomenon of taking medicine to cure diseases, indicating that long before humans became human, human ancestors had instinctively accumulated a lot of knowledge of herbs. After the rise of primitive agriculture, out of the need to find better crop species, people will pay more attention to understanding the characteristics of plants while tasting plants, not only pay attention to the toxic and non-toxic, edible and inedible, but also pay attention to understanding the bitter, spicy, sour and sweet taste of different plant species, different parts, different organs, and the characteristics of cold and temperature, so as to combine the original herbal knowledge to form a medical concept and begin medical exploration. That is to say, the concept of medicine was formed along with the original exploration of the process of domesticating plants into crops, and is a "unintentional willow shading" type of invention. This should be the historical truth of Shennong's invention of medicine.
To plant crops in large quantities, it is first necessary to select suitable plant species and domesticate them into crop varieties, such as rice, millet, millet, wheat, and grain; secondly, there must be agricultural tools, such as rice; third, we must master agricultural time. All of this requires long-term technological progress and knowledge accumulation, which can never be achieved overnight, even in a person's lifetime. Therefore, the Shennong clan is a fairly long era.
In the early stage of agricultural development, the main technological progress manifested in the domestication of wild plants, after tasting hundreds of grasses and trial planting, the ancients initially determined several major wild grasses suitable for cultivation, wild grass species vary from region to region, harvested seeds in addition to a part of the edible, people will choose full grains to keep as seeds, which is actually the domestication process of wild animals and plants, so that the difference between cultivated plants and farmed animals and their wild original species is getting bigger and bigger, and becoming crops and livestock respectively. Chinese attaches great importance to the work of seed retention, always doing everything possible to protect crop seeds, and even has the saying of "starving to death and not eating seeds". This practice is more conducive to the selection and breeding of crop varieties. It can be speculated that in the middle of the Shennong clan, China has basically cultivated the main crop varieties, that is, grains.
Agricultural books
Some of the writings related to agriculture (according to Yan Kejun's compilation of the Three Dynasties of the Ancients):
"The Forbidden Of Shennong": Born of spring and summer, it does not hurt or harm. ("Qunshu Zhijiao", "Liutao Hutao" cites "Shennong's Prohibition")
"The Number of Shennong": One valley does not ascend, minus one valley, the valley of the Fashi times. Two grains do not ascend, minus two grains, the law of the valley is doubled.
"The Law of Shennong": Husband Ding Zhuang does not cultivate, and there are those who suffer from his hunger in the world. When the woman did not weave, there were those who suffered from her cold. (Wenzi Shangyi and Huainanzi Qi Customs have the word "and" on "no cultivation and no weaving".) The "Lü's Spring and Autumn Love Class" quotes the "Religion of Shennong" as saying: "If there are those who do not cultivate in those years, the world may be starved by them." Those who have a woman who does not weave in the past will be the world or suffer from her cold." ）
"The Religion of Shennong": There are ten stones in Shicheng, there are one hundred steps in the pond, a million with armor, and the dead millet, Fu Neng Shouye. ("Han Food And Goods" Chao misquoted "The Religion of Shennong")
"Shennong Zhan": On the first day of the new moon, there is wind and rain. March valley is expensive, stone five hundred dollars. There are three days in August, drought, and wheat dashan. There is no three,000, and the wheat is not good. Where insects eat plums, they are expensive. Jujube, millet expensive. Eat apricots, wheat expensive. Eat thorns, hemp expensive. Mulberry, silk expensive. On the first day of the first lunar month, the wind comes from the east, planting grass and goodness. Coming from the south, planted a good thing. From the north, childish and kind. On the fourth of April, the wind came from the east, planting beans. West, 4th to 7th, Zhongdou Shan. Seven to ten days, baby bean good. Fourteen days without wind, do not plant beans. From the winter solstice to the next year, when it is sixty days, there is a strong wind and rain that breaks the trees, and the wheat is good. From Pingshuo to food, plant wheat good. In the middle of the day, in the middle of the wheat. Solstice, childish wheat good. It is often planted ninety days after the summer solstice. On the new day of April, the wind comes from the east, from Pingming to Tatsumi, and plants a good mountain. In the middle of the day, in the middle of the good. At sunrise, childish goodness. The moon is coming in, and the silkworms are good. The first month has nails, and the first is expensive and the latter is lowly. The moon is hard, the warm is good, and the wind is cold. (Kaiyuan Zhanjing 111)
According to the "Zhuangzi Thief", "In the world of the Shennong, the people who lie down are dwellings, and they start from the people, who know their mothers, who do not know their fathers, who coexist with elk, who cultivate and eat, who weave and cloth, who have no harmful heart. According to this, the Yandi Shennong clan lived in the primitive social matrilineal clan commune stage of "the people know their mother, but do not know their father". The "Lü's Spring and Autumn Love Class" also said: "The teachings of Shennong say: If a soldier has a person who does not cultivate in that year, then the world will be starved; if a woman has a woman who does not perform in that year, the world will be subject to its cold, so she will cultivate herself, and her wife will weave herself, so she will see the people's profits." This shows that in the era of the Yandi Shennong clan, there has been a family form of "personal cultivation and wife weaving", which is a sign of the emergence of patrilineal clan society. According to the above records, we can see that the era of the Yandi Shennong clan was the era of the transition of primitive society from matrilineal clan society to patrilineal clan society, and it was the era of the initial creation of human social civilization. According to archaeological findings and inferences based on the development rate of primitive social productive forces, this era dates from about 6000 to 5500 years ago, hundreds of years earlier than the era of the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan, and the statements recorded in some history books that the Yan Emperor and the Yellow Emperor lived in the same era and even the Yellow Emperor surrendered to the Yan Emperor are obviously inconsistent with historical facts and historical development laws.
Cultural aspects
Yandi culture is the source of the Chinese national culture that has been passed down for thousands of years, the soul of the nation that unites the descendants of Yanhuang all over the world, and the spiritual light that inspires the sons and daughters of China to be indomitable, tenacious and hardworking, innovative and dedicated.
Our Chinese nation has a long history and a long history. The Yandi Shennong clan and the Yellow Emperor Xuanyuan clan are revered as the humanistic ancestors of the Chinese nation with their respective great historical merits, and are revered by the descendants of Yan Huang in the whole world.
According to the relevant records of pre-Qin documents such as "Zhou Yi" and "Guan Zi", the ancient cultural relics of 7,000 to 9,000 years ago, mainly in the Yellow River Basin, especially the Weishui River Basin, and excavations in the Yangtze River Basin, including Many places in Hunan, show that The Yandi Emperor was the founder of Chinese agricultural civilization. According to legend, Emperor Yan began to plant five grains to feed the people, made qi qi to cultivate them, tasted hundreds of herbs to heal the people' woes, cured hemp for cloth to ward off the people's cold, cultivated utensils to store for civilian use, cut tung for the qin for the people's feelings, served the city in the middle of the day to benefit the people's livelihood, cut wood for the sake of the people's livelihood, repeated the gossip to explore the heavens, and then collected medicine for the people's diseases during the southern tour, encountered seventy poisons every day, and finally "collapsed at the end of the Tea Township of Changsha" because of the mistaken taste of broken intestinal grass, that is, Luyuanpi in Yanling County, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province. Yan Di Gong Zhao Sun Moon, Deze's future generation. The primitive farming civilization he pioneered enabled the ancestors to change the state of Drinking Blood, Fishing and Hunting and Collecting Wild Fruits as their entire source of livelihood, and began to embark on a creative society, which can be said to be the first "Green Revolution" in Chinese history. In particular, the arduous entrepreneurial spirit of the ancestors led by Emperor Yan from generation to generation, the pioneering and innovative spirit of unremitting self-improvement, and the spirit of national unity carried by virtue and material are the source and model of the Chinese nation's self-respect, self-reliance, self-confidence, and self-improvement spirit.
Yandi created a rich and colorful primitive material civilization and spiritual civilization in the Shennong era, and the Yandi culture and the Yellow Emperor culture formed by this were integrated into the Yanhuang culture, which is the source of Chinese culture. Yanhuang culture is broad and profound, and it has never faded, cultivating generation after generation of Chinese sons and daughters, inspiring generation after generation of Yanhuang descendants to struggle ceaselessly for the rise of the Chinese nation, and making outstanding contributions to China's social progress and the development of human civilization. The descendants of Yanhuang at home and abroad all have a sense of identity and pride in their great nation and common ancestors, and Yanhuang culture has become a huge spiritual force that maintains the patriotic complex of Yanhuang descendants at home and abroad.
In October 2001, the Chinese Yanhuang Culture Research Association, the Yandi Tomb Foundation and the Zhuzhou Municipal People's Government jointly held an academic seminar on "Yandi Culture and China's Social Development in the 21st Century" in Beijing. The experts and scholars attending the meeting unanimously held that human culture is an important force influencing and promoting social progress, and we must hold high the great banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory, implement Comrade Jiang Zemin's important thinking of "three represents," focus on the grand goal of building China into a prosperous, strong, democratic, and civilized socialist modern country by the middle of this century, boldly draw on and absorb the beneficial cultural achievements of foreign countries, and attach importance to inheriting and carrying forward the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation in order to build an advanced culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. To this end, we must strengthen the study of Yandi culture, carry forward the lofty spirit of Yandi, enhance national cohesion and combat effectiveness, and strive to speed up the process of modernization and the great cause of the reunification of the motherland and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
Pottery
In archaeology, large pottery has been excavated from the Suizhou Lengpoya ruins, the West Garden ruins, and the Zaoyang carved dragon stele sites that belong to the Culture of the Yandi Shennong Period. Among them, sand-filled black pottery and sand-filled gray pottery are the mainstays, followed by clay black pottery, gray pottery, and sand-filled coarse red pottery, less clay red pottery, and least clay white pottery. In addition to a small amount of plain pottery, the pattern is decorated with basket patterns, additional stacking patterns, concave and convex string patterns, checkered patterns, cut-out scratches, rope patterns, leaf veins and a small number of faience pottery. The shapes of the vessels include ding, jar, thick tire trumpet-shaped red pottery ring, pottery spinning wheel, bowl, pot, circle foot plate, lid, urn, pointed bottom jar, long-necked pot, four-legged square ding, etc., this discovery provides a favorable reference for us to study the pottery culture at that time. It shows that when people have mastered pottery making technology, and pottery is widely used by people. The pottery process gradually developed from simple shapes to beautiful and generous directions, which also led the society to move forward to a new direction of development.
Trade aspects
The abundance of material production in primitive society brought a surplus of products. Judging from the legends recorded in ancient books, the exchange of primitive products began to sprout at the time of Yandi Shennong. "Easy. "Shennong takes Japan and China as the city, to the people of the world, to gather the goods of the world, to trade and retreat, and each gets what he wants." This means that in order to solve everyone's surplus products, Yandi Shennong set up a bazaar and let everyone exchange with each other, thus giving rise to the primitive commodity trade in Chinese society, accelerating the transformation of the public ownership of primitive society into the private ownership of slave society, and laying the groundwork for the birth of a new social system.
In traditional Chinese medicine
The Huainan Zi records that shennong "tasted the taste of hundreds of grasses, and the sweetness and bitterness of the water spring, so that the people avoided it." At this time, seventy poisons were encountered in one day. "The History of the Road. Yiyun of the Outer Chronicle: Yandi Shennongshi "grinds mirages and whips, detects colors, tastes grass and trees and is justified." Judge them to cure poison, to cure their troubles, to detect their fear of evil, to discern their subordinates, to judge three of them, and to nourish their lives and cure their diseases. Seventy poisons in one day, extremely qi also. "Han Feizi Wuyin" said: "The people eat clams, fishy and foul-smelling, and hurt the stomach, and the people are sick." The record describes that the Yandi Shennong clan and its ancestors gradually discovered during the gathering activities that vomiting, abdominal pain, coma, and even death would occur due to the accidental eating of certain animals and plants. Eating certain animals and plants can eliminate or alleviate some diseases of the body or relieve the poisoning caused by eating certain plants. In the life of fishing and hunting, it has also been found that eating the limbs and internal organs of some animals can produce special reactions. After a long period of practice, people can gradually identify many animals and plants, understand their efficacy, and when they encounter a certain disease, they intentionally choose certain animals and plants for treatment. It is this spirit of practice and exploration that has laid the foundation of Chinese traditional Chinese medicine and created the Chinese national traditional Chinese medicine culture. In order to commemorate him, later generations named the first medical work in China "Shennong Materia Medica".
Social civilization aspect
The improvement of productive forces has made people's lives relatively stable, and people no longer migrate around for life, and have begun to live and work in peace and contentment, which has led to the development of social civilization. The Qi Customs Training Yun: "The Law of Shennong is known: The husband Ding Zhuang does not cultivate, and there are those who suffer from his hunger in the world; when the woman did not weave, there were those who suffered from his cold in the world." He cultivated himself, and his wife knitted himself, thinking that the world was the first to lead. ...... Adultery and evil are not born, and happiness is uneven and the world is equal. This reflects the scene of social justice, unity and fraternity, and people living and working in peace and contentment. Judging from the excavated tombs, at that time, the transformation from a matrilineal clan society to a patrilineal clan society, and the marriage system had the ceremony of marriage and marriage, so that the role of the family in the primitive society was more obvious, and people had a preliminary understanding of the moral theory of the family.
Other research aspects
At the same time, primitive agriculture has also led to human research on astronomy, geography and meteorology. In the primitive society, slash-and-burn cultivation can only hope for the harvest in a large way, and in the event of natural disasters, it may lead to no harvest of particles, and the history books have detailed records for the Yandi Shennong clan in solving this problem. "White Tiger Pass" Yun: Shennong "because of the time of heaven, the benefit of dividing the land", "Yang Quan Theory" said: "Shennong began to rule the agricultural gong, the righteous temperament, the trial of cold and temperature, thinking that it was the period of morning and evening, so the calendar days". The Main Art Training Yun: "In the past, the gods ruled the world, the gods did not rush in the chest, the wisdom did not come out of the four realms, the heart of benevolence, the rain fell, the grain was planted, the spring was born and the summer was long, the autumn harvest was winter, the moon was saved, the year was spent, the years were dedicated, the valley was tasted in time, and the time was tasted." This all reflects the study of knowledge and technology such as astronomy, calendar, meteorology, water conservancy, soil, seeds and other knowledge and technology in order to obtain a better harvest, which also became a spring of agricultural culture in primitive society.
Yandi made the violin
Zuo Qiuming's "Shiben Zuo" records: "Shennong made the piano. Shennongqin is three feet six inches long. There are five strings on it, known as palace, shang, horn, sign, and feather. ”
The Han Dynasty scholar Huan Tan's "New Treatise on the Qin Dao" clearly said: "Qin, Shennong Zaoye." It is believed that after the Shennong clan came to power, they once "looked up at the law in the sky and took the law from the ground." Therefore, he began to cut the tong as a piano, and practice silk as a string, with the virtue of the gods, and the harmony of heaven and earth. Shennong's five strings for the qin are enough to pass through all things and examine chaos. ”
Yang Xiong wrote in the book "Yang Zi": "In the past, there were shennong who made a piano to fix the gods, forbade adultery, and removed evil desires, and those who opposed their innocence also. ”
Some experts believe that the five strings on the "Shennongqin" are actually the five-tone scale referred to by Chinese folk music.
writings
Shennong- Medicine Classic, also known as: Shennong Emperor Continuous Chapter, introduces the earliest surviving pharmacology "Medicine Classic" monograph of Shennong Emperor (also known as Shennong Emperor Xian, also known as Wugu DiXian). It is the first systematic summary of Chinese herbal medicine in China. Most of the pharmacological theories and compatibility rules stipulated in it have played a huge role in thousands of years of drug practice and have been hailed as classic works of Chinese medicine. Therefore, for a long period of history, it was a textbook for doctors and pharmacists to learn Chinese medicine, and it was also one of the essential tools for medical workers to study Chinese medicine.
Medicine: The Jade Emperor is in charge of all living things in the universe, and the compassion of the people thinks deeply about the struggle for life, it is inevitable that the body will be damaged by wind and cold, and even the disease is seriously destined to be in a state of anointing, and the love and love of the crowd are born in the golden steps, kneeling and prostrating, expressing their hearts and praying for the heart of the infinite old mother to open up the heart of compassion, and the old mother holds the heart of loving the people and sends down a thousand kinds of herbs to plant in the universe. In those years, wu shennong was sent to try hundreds of herbs, study medicinal properties, and promote medical theory, but now the old books have gradually been distorted and passed on, and the historical evolution of natural disasters has also been damaged. Interrupt celebrity songs, and secrets are also available. I have now been commissioned to reinterpret the Medicine Sutra as a matter of urgency.
Sutra: Pharmacology that is not easy to put in the world also. There is a difference between the medicinal properties of the prescription, and with the four seasons, on the wind, cold, damp and hot and cautiously prescribe medicine. Regarding the severity of the disease, the state of contemplation of the five senses, and the operation of the five visceral qi with pulses, we must not neglect it. Most of the sick people are caused by colds, carelessly do not pay attention to careless mistakes, feel heavy feelings, resulting in more serious diseases, causing injuries to the six intestines, sore bones and numbness, the common people do not investigate deeply and take medicine indiscriminately, take the wrong medicine so that the consequences are serious, spend a lot of money, sometimes can recover and sometimes fail. It is best not to take a cold lightly, and not to pay attention to the risky behavior of the person also.
legend
Shennong, also known as Yandi, is the sun god of ancient Chinese legends. Legend has it that Emperor Shennong of Yandi, the head of a human bull, three years old Zhi Jia, after growing up, was eight feet seven inches tall,
Dragon face big lips. (Cf. Shi Zhi: The Red Emperor is the "Yan Emperor.") "Huainan Zi Shi ZeXun": "The extreme of the south, from the north to the sun, runs through the country of the mound, and the south reaches the wilderness of the fiery wind." The Red Emperor and Zhu Rong's rulers are 12,000 miles. "This Red Emperor, that is, the Yan Emperor, the son of Shaodian, is called Shennong, the Fire Virtue of the South. )
Shennong was originally the leader of the Jiang tribe in the Jiangshui River Basin, and later invented the agricultural tools to use wooden furrows, taught the people to raise crops, make pottery and weave and use fire, with outstanding merits, to fire to win the king, so he was the Yan Emperor, the world name Shennong, once built the capital of Qufu, Shandong, and was revered by later generations as the god of agriculture.
Shennong once trekked through mountains and rivers, tasted hundreds of herbs, and searched for a cure and a cure for poison to save the life of the injured, and then died of accidentally eating the "flame son" and breaking his intestines. The Shennong Materia Medica is based on his writings. Emperor Shennong reigned for 120 years and passed on the hereditary title of Shennong for seven generations, for a total of 380 years.
Shovel grass to hoe
Shennong is the inventor of China's primitive agriculture, he taught people to reclaim land, sow grain, and drive the transformation and development of the late primitive society from fishing, hunting and animal husbandry to agricultural economy, he is one of the three emperors known for "Dade" "Yandi". "Shennong tastes a hundred herbs, and encounters seventy poisons every day" is a perfect portrayal of Shennong's great virtue.
According to the legend of shoveling grass and hoeing, when the gods were farmers, they planted crops and knocked, walked, and shouted in the field with stone chips; "The grass dies, the seedlings grow." Later, people became lazy. When it was hot, the stone pieces were hung from the tree with ropes, and people sat under the tree and knocked and shouted. The grass is not dead either. No way, people take shovels to shovel grass. The ground was sun-dried and it took effort to shovel the grass. Some of them are strong, and the shovel is bent, and it is turned over to pick it up, which is stronger than the shovel. Since then there has been a hoe.
In order to remember him, in the old medicine shop, there was often a portrait of a person with thick eyebrows, big eyes, a smile, a leaf around his waist, and a herb in his hand, he was "Shennong".
Materia Medica
Remember: The doctor is not the third life, and does not take his medicine. Zheng Kangcheng: Cautious Qi Ye. Kong Chongyuan quoted the old saying cloud: three worlds, one is the Yellow Emperor acupuncture, the second is the Shennong Materia Medica, and the third is the su female pulse recipe. Kang Cheng Zhou Li Note, also known as: five medicines, grass, wood, insects, stones, valleys. The unity of its rule is the art of Shennongzi Yi, which is the so-called prudent and material qi of the lizhi note, and the qi of the rule of the rule is also referred to in the Materia Medica. Chong Yuan quoted the old theory and doubted that it was not Zheng Yi's excesses. The Book of Han cites the Materia Medica and the Yiwen Zhi Que Zai, Jia Gongyan quotes the Zhongjing Book, and there is a volume of ziyi Materia Medica, which is not said to be from Shennong. To the Sui Classics, the three volumes of the Shennong Materia Medica were originally contained, which coincided with the three articles of the present division, which belonged to the old version since the Han Dynasty. Sui Zhi also contained four volumes of Lei Gong Materia Medica and seven volumes of Cai Yong Materia Medica, which are not passed down today. Since the beginning of the record, the accumulation of profits and losses rises and falls, at any time to record, or pass on this article, do not distinguish between white, according to Lu Yuen Long's classic interpretation quoted, then the scripture and the famous doctors attached to the benefits, merged into one, its origin is old.
Trillium trillium
Once, shennong was collecting medicine in the old forest in the deep mountains and was surrounded by a group of poisonous snakes. The poisonous snakes flew towards the Shennong Clan together, some wrapped around the waist, some wrapped around the legs, and some wrapped around the neck, hoping to kill the Shennong Clan. The Shennong clan was outnumbered, and finally he was bitten and fell to the ground, bleeding profusely and swelling all over his body. He shouted in pain, "Queen Mother of the West, come and save me." After hearing the call, the Queen Mother immediately sent a blue bird to hold one of her life-saving antidote elixirs to hover in the sky and peek, and finally found the Shennong Clan in a forest. When the serpent saw the Queen Mother's messenger, the Blue Bird, they were frightened and fled.
The blue bird fed the elixir to Shennong's mouth, and Shennong gradually woke up from his coma. After completing its mission, the blue bird returned to the clouds and the fog. Shen Nongshi was grateful to Shu Zero, and thanked the blue bird in a loud voice, who knows, a mouth, the elixir landed, and immediately took root and sprouted a grass, and a red bead grew on the top of the grass. Shen Nongshi took a closer look, exactly the same as the elixir, put it in his mouth and tasted it, the remaining pain on his body was completely eliminated, and he said to himself happily: "There is a prescription for curing poisonous snake bites!" Therefore, the herb was named "a bead on the top of the head". Later, pharmacologists named it "Trillium".
tea
When Shennong tasted the hundred herbs, he carried with him a living "instrument" that could only see the five internal organs and twelve meridians to help him identify medicinal properties- the roe rat, also known as the "roe deer lion". Folk have the saying that "medicine is not good for roe deer". One day, the roe deer ate croton and had diarrhea. Shennong put it under a green leaf tree to rest, and after a night, the roe deer miraculously recovered, and it turned out that the roe rat sucked the dew dripping from the green tree to detoxify it. Shennong plucked the green leaves of the green tree and put them in his mouth to taste, and suddenly felt refreshed, sweet and thirsty. Shennong taught people to plant this green tree, which is now the tea tree. This is where Shennongjia folk sings that "the tea tree was originally planted by Shennong, and the white flowers and leaves bloomed." When planting, do not fear clouds and fog, and do not fear wind and rain for a long time. Young leaves make tea to detoxify hundreds of poisons, and every family loves the mountain song.
The discovery of tea leaves
According to ancient legend, when Emperor Shennong was boiling water on an outdoor stove, the leaves of a nearby bush fell into the water and stayed for a while, and Emperor Shennong noticed that the leaves in the water emitted a pleasant aroma. Later, he decided to try this hot mixture. It's quite tasty. And just like that, one of the most popular drinks in the world was born.
Taste the herbs
We all call the Huaxia people the descendants of Yanhuang. Huang is the Yellow Emperor; Who is Yan? Refers to "YanDi". Emperor Yan has many names in history, and most myths and legends call him "Shennong". He is also a legendary figure who has made great contributions to the development of Chinese national civilization. The most talked about in the myth is the invention of China's agricultural farming by Emperor Yandi. The "White Tiger Pass" said: "The people of ancient times all ate the meat of animals and beasts, and as for Shennong, there were many people and insufficient animals, so Shennong taught the people to farm." God transforms it into a people, so that it is called The God Nongye." Yandi also has a great credit for inventing medicine. In myths and legends, he has a spirit of selflessness in self-denial. According to the ancient book "Huainanzi" in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, "Shennong tasted the taste of a hundred herbs, and encountered seventy poisons in one day." There is still a touching myth and legend in Sichuan, saying that in order to find herbs for people to cure diseases, Shennongshi tasted all the herbs, and one day tasted a highly poisonous intestinal grass, and finally his intestines broke and died for the people. Shennong also taught people to trade and exchange: "Shennong is to take Japan and China as the city, to the people of the world, to gather the goods of the world, to trade and retreat, and each gets what he wants." These legends are the deification of their ancestor Yandi by posterity, indicating that he, like the Yellow Emperor, is the ancestor of the Chinese national civilization.
Death
Folklore; One day, when he tasted grass, he accidentally ate a poisonous herb- broken intestinal grass, did not drink tea in time to detoxify, and died of intestinal breakage.
First said, Shennong mistakenly ate a slightly poisonous grass, originally to find tea to detoxify, as a result, Shennong found the tea tree, but because there was no detoxification for a long time, so Shennong was poisoned by the grass, to death. Therefore, there was a later Shennong who ate the broken intestinal grass and died under the tea tree