How manufacturing enterprises carry out financial daily work and cost control

At present, foreign-funded enterprises generally use the standard cost method to calculate the receipt, issuance and storage of inventory, and the standard cost is usually updated once a year, and some preliminary calculation preparations need to be done before the update, for the content covered by the standard manufacturing cost - standard material cost, standard direct labor, standard manufacturing cost, the following is a detailed description of its calculation and formulation process:

First, the unit standard material cost

1, the time is usually in the beginning of the fourth quarter of each year (such as October), basically will be the most recent quarter (such as the third quarter) of the monthly average purchase price of various specifications of raw materials as a historical reference data, first according to different months to call out the raw material procurement details (model number, quantity, receipt date, unit price, amount and other information), respectively, take the weighted average purchase price of each month, add up the quarterly total amount of each raw material, and use the arithmetic average method to calculate the monthly average amount of raw materials of each specification.

2. Then, the detailed list as above will be sent to the purchasing department to confirm, the procurement department will evaluate the price after receiving this table, with reference to the expected changes in the market situation, and there may be a new contract price signed in advance for the next year, etc., to adjust the raw material prices affected by the above.

3. The purchasing department will send the adjusted price schedule back to the finance department, and the finance department will re-review the accuracy of the data as the unit standard material cost for implementation in the next year.

Second, the unit standard direct labor cost

1, the time is synchronized with the formulation of unit standards direct material costs, also in the beginning of the fourth quarter of each year (such as October), the personnel department will provide the latest quarter (such as the third quarter) of the direct personnel salary details of the sub-process to the finance department, the finance department as a historical reference data, the sub-process of the direct personnel wages in different months to add up, with the arithmetic average method to calculate the average monthly direct labor cost of each process.

2. On the basis of the above calculation, combined with the budget of the next year, taking into account the impact of annual salary increases, changes in production capacity involving personnel adjustments, etc. on labor and welfare costs, calculate the monthly impact of these changes, adjust the average monthly direct labor cost of each process, and take the direct labor cost of each process after adjustment as the standard direct labor cost.

3. Statistics of the production man-hours of different production processes of all finished products in the same quarter, according to the number of finished products completed in the latest quarter multiplied by the time spent in each process of the corresponding unit products, to find the working hours used in each month of each completed finished product, and then summarize the working hours of each process in the month to get the total working hours of each process in the quarter, and finally calculate the average monthly working hours of each process and the summary working hours of all processes according to the arithmetic average.

4. Then, divide the monthly average standard direct labor cost of each process by the average monthly working hours of the corresponding process, and finally obtain the standard unit working hour direct labor rate or allocation rate of each production process.

Third, the unit standard manufacturing costs

Let's take a look at the process of developing standard manufacturing costs:

1. The time for us to formulate the standard manufacturing cost in the standard cost of implementation in the next year is usually also in the beginning stage of the fourth quarter of each year (such as October), basically taking the actual manufacturing cost of the monthly average actual occurrence in the most recent quarter (such as the third quarter) as the historical reference data, first transferring the classified general ledger of the manufacturing expense detail account according to different months, adding the quarterly total amount of each detailed account, excluding the special expense item adjustment in this quarter. The average monthly amount of occurrence for each line account is calculated using the arithmetic mean method.

2. On the basis of the average monthly amount incurred in each detailed account, add a column of adjustments, mainly to consider those foreseeable cost changes in the next year, for example: there will be some large equipment investment plans in the next year, and the monthly depreciation amount needs to be increased according to the capital expenditure budget; in addition, in the case of expanding the production line, not only the direct personnel in the production line should be increased, but also the corresponding production management or indirect personnel also needed to be increased, and the wages and welfare costs of these new production indirect personnel also needed to be considered; The normal salary increase of existing production management or production indirect personnel in each year should also be taken into account; combined with the control targets set by management for some controllable manufacturing costs in the coming year. Calculate the monthly impact amount of all these foreseeable adjustment items, add (or subtract) to the monthly average monthly manufacturing cost breakdown calculated above for the most recent quarter, and obtain the monthly average standard manufacturing cost incurred for each line account.

3. Statistics of the production man-hours of different production processes of all finished products in the same quarter, according to the number of finished products completed in the latest quarter multiplied by the time spent by the corresponding unit products through each process, to find the working hours used in each month of each completed finished product, and then summarize the working hours of each process in the month to obtain the total working hours of each process in the quarter. Finally, the average monthly working hours of each operation and the summary working hours of all operations are calculated according to the arithmetic average (the same working hours method and results calculated when the unit standard direct labor cost was formulated).

4. According to the method similar to the operation cost, the monthly average standard manufacturing cost of each detailed account is distributed to different processes (for example, the wages of production indirect personnel can be directly determined according to the wages of each process personnel provided by the personnel department; the electricity cost can be distributed according to the ratio of electricity and power used in each process; the depreciation of the plant can be distributed according to the proportion of occupied area, etc.). Then, the average monthly standard manufacturing cost incurred allocated to each operation is divided by the average monthly working hours of the corresponding operation, and finally the standard working hours manufacturing expense rate or allocation rate of each production operation is obtained.

As mentioned above, the unit standard material cost, the unit working hour standard direct labor cost, the unit working hour standard manufacturing cost are calculated, if you want to calculate the standard manufacturing cost of a certain model of finished product (= standard material cost + standard direct labor cost + standard manufacturing cost), you need to calculate it according to the following steps:

1. The standard material cost of the product can be obtained by multiplying the standard material usage of the design card by the unit standard cost of various materials;

2. The direct labor cost allocation rate of the unit working hour standard calculated above can be multiplied by the standard production man-hours of each process to obtain the standard direct labor cost of each process of the product, and the standard direct labor cost of the product can be obtained in total;

3. The standard manufacturing cost distribution rate of the above-mentioned calculated unit working hours can be multiplied by the standard production man-hours of each process to obtain the standard manufacturing cost of each process of the product, and the standard manufacturing cost of the product can be obtained in total.

Finally, the standard material cost, standard direct labor cost, and standard manufacturing cost of each product are obtained by adding the standard material number of different product models and the total unit product.

In summary, after the unit standard manufacturing cost of the above products is calculated, it is reflected according to the model number list of the product, and compared with the standard cost that is still being implemented, and the reasons for the change in the standard cost of those products with large differences are analyzed (usually the change ratio is set at more than 5%), and the unreasonable reasons need to be corrected in time. This variance analysis form is first reviewed by the financial director, and then formally used as the new product standard manufacturing cost for implementation in the next year after the financial director transfers to the company's management.