Text/Nongda Kiwi
Recently, the buds and young branches and buds of the young leaves and buds of the newly dormant and overwintering golden turtle shells have been unearthed and began to eat the kiwi fruit, which has a serious impact on the growth and development of the kiwi fruit, especially the newly established garden and newly grafted seedlings.
On April 8th, the Shaanxi Provincial KiwiFruit Industry Technology System found that apples were unearthed to eat and harm kiwi buds and buds during the investigation of the kiwifruit production area in the Weibei Taiyuan Irrigation District, and the number of insect mouths in the local orchard was large. It is recommended that fruit farmers promptly investigate and monitor the harm of the orchard golden turtle shell, and if the number of insect mouths in the orchard is large and the harm is serious, it is necessary to take timely measures to prevent and control it.
Apple-haired golden turtle endangers kiwi leaves
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" > First, the symptoms of the scarlet of the kiwi</h1> fruit
Golden turtle beetles harm kiwi mainly by larvae in the soil to harm the root system of kiwi fruit and adult insects to harm the germination of kiwi fruit buds, young leaves and shoots, as well as leaves and buds.
Golden turtle beetle larvae, commonly known as grubs, endanger the underground part, mainly nibble on the young roots of kiwifruit, affect the absorption and transportation of root water and nutrients, and cause premature plant aging and yellowing and early fall when the damage is serious.
Adult golden tortoise beetles harm the aerial parts, mainly feeding on the young shoots, leaves, buds and fruits of kiwifruit, causing irregular lack of carvings, holes and injuries and diseases, often gathering in groups to eat hazards, seriously affecting the normal growth of kiwifruit. When the harm to the seedlings is serious, the buds, spring shoots and leaves can be nibbled away, which directly affects the growth of seedlings.
Fig. 1 Adult scarab beetles endanger the young leaves and shoots of seedlings in spring
Fig. 2 Adult brown golden turtle beetles cause symptoms of lack of engraving and holes in the spring damage to the unfolding leaves
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="13" > second, scarab beetle endangers the common species and morphological characteristics of kiwifruit</h1>
There are more than 10 kinds of scarab beetles that harm kiwifruit, and the hazards in different kiwifruit producing areas are different, the most common ones are Holaterichia oblita Faldermann, the dark black gill golden turtle Holateria parallelaMotschulsky, the patina golden turtle Anomala corpulenta Motschulsky, and the brown gill golden turtle Holaterichia titanis Reitter, Apple Mauri turtle Proagopertha lucidula Faldermann and small blue and white turtle Oxycetonia jucunda Faldermann, etc.
Fig. 3 Common golden turtle carapace identification morphology that endangers kiwifruit
The following takes the large black gill golden turtle as an example to introduce the morphology and identification characteristics of the golden turtle carapace:
Fig. 4 Morphological identification characteristics of adult and larval species of the great black gill golden turtle
Fig. 5 Morphology and identification characteristics of different insect forms of the great black gill golden turtle
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="19" > third, scarab beetle occurrence law</h1>
1. Life history
Most of the golden turtle shells are 1 generation per year, and a few are 2 years and 1 generation. Overwinters in larval or adult human soil. Generally, in mid-to-late March, excavations are harmful to the aboveground parts, more day and night, and after sunset, they are unearthed for feeding, which is the best time for prevention and control. After mating in June to August, eggs are laid in the soil, eggs are mostly produced in the soil layer of 5 to 10 cm around the root line, and the larvae hatch in july to August to feed on the root system underground, and before the winter comes, in the state of 2nd and 3rd instar larvae or adults, dive into the deep soil layer, create a spherical soil nest, and wrap themselves in it for wintering.
2. Hazard habits
Adult golden turtle beetles lie out at night, mostly at night, lurking in turf or soil surface during the day, flying out at 6 to 7 o'clock in the evening, carrying out cross-tail spawning activities, feeding at night, diving into the soil before dawn, and the most abundant activity at night in hot and rainless weather. Adult golden turtle beetles have the following habits:
(1) Golden turtle carapace has strong phototropism. Golden turtle shell is often active at night, has a strong phototropism, and can be controlled by light booby traps.
(2) Golden turtle carapace has suspended animation. Adult golden turtle beetles have a phenomenon of suspended animation, and once frightened, they will immediately fall to the ground and pretend to die. Therefore, manual vibration can be used to hunt.
(3) Golden turtle carapace has chemotaxis. The golden turtle carapace has a certain degree of chemotaxis, and can use its strong tendency habit of sweet and sour liquid to use sweet and sour liquid to booby trap.
(4) Golden turtle carapace has fecal tendency. Adult golden turtle beetles like to lay eggs on the manure of livestock such as pig manure and cow dung, so the farm manure that is not fully decomposed is often mixed with a large number of insect eggs, and once applied to the kiwi orchard, the larvae will hatch to harm the kiwi root system, and the larvae will harm the kiwi branches and leaves after they are feathered.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="7" >4</h1>
1. Physical control of adult insects
(1) Artificial hunting. Taking advantage of the suspended death of adult insects, in the early morning or evening during the adult occurrence period, a plastic sheet is laid under the tree, and the trunk is shaken to shake the adult insects, and the collection is concentrated on culling.
(2) Poison bait booby trap. During the endangerment period of adult insect excavation, mix spinach leaves with 4.5% high-efficiency cyanutrin vinegar emulsion 200 times liquid or 1.8% avermectin emulsion 200 times liquid, sprinkle under the canopy of fruit trees, 3 to 4 tablets per square meter, as bait to poison adult insects, sprinkle for 5 to 7 days continuously. It can also be combined with fertilization, using crushed cake flour mixed with insecticide to make poisonous bait, ditching into the rhizosphere soil, and booby traping grubs.
(3) Light booby trap. In orchards equipped with insecticidal lamps, etc., kiwi fruit enters the budding and leaf development period and turns on the lights in time to booby trap.
(4) Sweet and sour solution booby trap. Taking advantage of the chemotaxis of the adult scarab beetles, the garden hangs sweet and sour bottles to trap them. The sweet and sour liquid formula is composed of 1 part brown sugar + 2 parts vinegar + 0.4 parts of white wine + 0.1 parts of enemy insects + 10 parts of water. The preparation method is to first put brown sugar and water into a pot and boil it, add vinegar to turn off the heat and let it cool, then put it in the barrel and add white wine and insects to stir well. Generally, 10-20 can be hung per acre and hung under the shelf. Timely check to remove booby-trapped pests and replace sweet and sour solutions.
(5) Bagging of young trees. In order to prevent the growth of seedlings from being affected by the feeding on seedlings or newly germinated shoots, shoots and new leaves of grafted scion, the seedlings can be covered with a gauze for protection. It can well solve the problem of spring golden turtle shell damage affecting seedling growth and grafted seedling survival.
Fig. 6 Frequency vibration insecticidal lamp booby trap
Fig. 7 Booby trap hanging sweet and sour liquid in an orchard
2. Biological control
(1) Let the chickens eat insects. Before grubs or scarab beetles enter deep soil layers, or when they rise to topsoil after wintering, when orchards are ploughed, chickens are fed on insects.
(2) Conditional can also be used white zombie fungus, scarab green zombie bacteria or lactobacillus grub fungus sprinkled tree disc soil treatment, can also receive good results.
3. Chemical agent prevention and control
There are two ways to control the golden turtle shell with chemical agents, one is to treat the soil to control the larvae grubs. It is mainly used for the control of orchards with a large number of soil insect populations; the second is to spray agents to control adult insect hazards on trees. It is mainly used for the prevention and control of golden turtle shells in orchards with serious harm on orchard trees.
Spray agents to control adult insects. Adult insects harm the peak and pre-flower bud stages, spray 2.5% high efficiency cyfcfluthrin emulsion 2000 times liquid, or 4. 5% high-efficiency cypermethrin emulsion 1500~2000 times liquid, or 1.8% avermectin emulsion 2000 times liquid, or 40% chlorpyrifos EC1500-2000 times liquid and other agents to control adult insects. The control time is best to spray during the late afternoon or early morning adult activity hazard period. Due to the habit of excavation and soiling of the golden turtle carapace, in addition to the spray on the tree, the ground under the canopy should also be sprayed with the liquid, which can make the golden turtle armor poison and die with the touch of the agent when it is unearthed and soiled.
Warm reminder: The medicinal prevention and control of the golden turtle shell in the spring kiwi orchard is recommended to be carried out before flowers. The prevention and control of flowering is mainly based on booby traps, etc., and the use of chemical spray control is prohibited during the flowering period to prevent the accidental killing of pollinators such as bees and affect the pollination of kiwi blossoms.