Cod is not a native Chinese fish species, they have not been across the ocean to China for a long time, their status is not high, and they are often impersonated by oil fish, which is difficult to see. However, looking at the entire history of human fishing and hunting, cod is a legend.
The Vikings loved it because it was an important ration for their maritime expansion; the Basques loved it because it was an important bargaining chip in their maritime trade; the medieval believers loved it because it was the greatest consolation in their days of fasting and abstinence; the Spanish Portuguese loved it because it fed them on their oceanic adventures in search of gold; the British loved it because "fried cod and fries were more worthy of it on rainy days"; the Icelanders loved it because it sustained the rapid rise of the Icelandic economy and made them raise their eyebrows...
In Europe, cod is not only the main source of calories and protein, but also a symbol of wealth, is an important resource for various countries to compete for, the pursuit of cod has also indirectly promoted the development of navigation technology, created a large number of excellent seafarers, and strengthened the armament of a country's navy. The Netherlands, Britain, France, Germany, and Iceland all fought over it, waging wars and fighting each other.
Wood shows in the forest, and the wind will destroy it. The popular cod has a great status in history, no fish can reach, and its huge commercial value has also made it the target of public criticism and fallen into a catastrophe. The history of the rise and fall of cod is actually a microcosm of the collective fate of marine fish and even the creatures of the earth. How many species in the world have disappeared from our sight today?
Under the nest, there are eggs? If the skin does not exist, the hair will be attached? Human beings are just a small speck of dust in the universe. The rise and fall of cod is more like a mirror from which we can see ourselves.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" >, cod legend</h1>
Legend has it that in the Middle Ages, a fisherman caught a cod 1 meter long – in those days, this kind of cod was everywhere, and it was not unusual at all. It was strange that the cod could speak, and spoke Basque.
The Basques are an enigmatic ancient people whose origins no one knows. They lived in the northwestern corners of Spain and in the southwestern part of France, and spoke independently of the world in their own language, the oldest language in Europe, with a complex grammar that few people understood, and some called this mysterious Basque language the language of God. As soon as this cod was opened, it was in Basque, which showed that the status of cod in people's minds at that time was extraordinary, and at the same time, people could not help but wonder what kind of mysterious relationship cod and Basque people had.
The Basques were good at navigation and were known for their trade.
At that time, Europeans liked to eat whale meat, and the demand for whales was so great that the Basques went to the distant untouched waters to hunt whales, and they were surprised - they found huge schools of cod.
The Basques were the world's first expert whalingers, not to mention cod fishing, so they always returned with a boat full of cod.
No one knows where they caught so many cod, and the Basques are tight-lipped about it. When Columbus discovered the New World, he did not know the Indians and Indian natives, he could not wait to tell the world, and the result was the biggest oolong in history, laughing generously, this is the difference between explorers and fishermen, explorers always like to hype for attention and appreciation, but fishermen never mouth, they are best at keeping secrets, because that is the source of their wealth.
The shrewd Basques guarded their secrets carefully, making a fortune in a muffled voice and making a very red eye. They were very business-minded and invented the method of salting dried cod, which made the cod business flourish.
In the Middle Ages, there was no refrigerator to refrigerate ice cubes to keep fresh, and the problem of food corruption has always plagued human beings, greatly restricting many commodity trade activities, so those things that are easy to preserve are always more favored by people and become sought-after goods in the commodity trade.
As early as the 9th century, the Vikings invented a method of preserving cod, they opened the cod intestines and broke their stomachs, hung in the cold wind in winter to let it shed water, became like dry wood, and could be preserved for a long time.
The Vikings were the notorious Vikings of history, who had no place to live, harassed trouble everywhere, plundered their wealth, and for them who were wandering the sea all year round, this kind of dried cod, which was easy to store and carry, was undoubtedly the most ideal seafaring food. They folded the dried cod into small pieces and nibbled it off like hard bread.
However, such cod is just to fill the stomach during a long voyage, and the taste is the same as chewing wax. The Basques added salt to the cod before it dried, which not only made the cod long-term preservation, not perishable, but also increased the flavor.
Cod has no oil on it, but it is better marinated, not only more easily preserved than other dried fish, but also tastes better than fresh cod. As a result, dried cod made by the Basques became very popular and soon became a big deal, opening up an international market for them, and the Basques made a lot of money.
The luck of the Basques was so good that at this time, the medieval church set off a boom in cod eating and put the cod on the altar.
Medieval Catholicism was powerful and strict, with a rule that meat should not be eaten on fasting days, but cold food was not included.
What is a cool food? In the Middle Ages, it was defined as fish and whales that lived in the sea. There are many such fasting days, every year before Easter there is a 40-day fasting period, and every Friday, plus many fixed religious holidays, it is a sad thing to think about for most of the year. How to survive such a long period of abstinence? What do you eat? The Basques saved their stomachs – eat dried cod!
However, the dried cod was too rough after all, so the foodies at that time used their own ingenuity to develop a variety of new ways to eat, such as mustard sauce, milk sauce, dipped in butter, etc., so that dried cod was popular and became people's daily diet. Later, Fasting became a day for people to eat dried cod.
As the best cod supplier, the Basques have a steady stream of income and make a fortune every Friday.
There is such a scene in the story of Don Quixote, which truly reproduces the cod eating style of the society at that time: "It happened to be a Friday, and there were only a few fish sold in the whole guest house, which was called pickled cod in Castile, salted cod in Andalusia, dried cod in some places, and cod in some places. Don Quixote brought him a very poorly marinated cod and a piece of bread as black and dirty as his armor.
Don Quixote refused to take off the helmet that symbolized his status, but could only lift the blindfold and let the waiter feed the cod to his mouth and nibble it laboriously, and also turned it into a large cod, which was very funny. It is not difficult to see from here that in that era, dried cod has become an indispensable part of people's lives.
A detail is also mentioned here – Don Quixote gets a very poorly marinated cod. Don't underestimate this simple pickled cod, there are also grades. One is a coarsely processed, small Nova Scotia pickled cod jerky, and the other is a large, well-handled Gaspé premium pickled cod jerky.
Usually those less quality Nova Scotia pickled cod jerky are dumped in the Caribbean, while the high-grade Gaspé dried cod is shipped to the Mediterranean, where Mediterranean people demand high quality from pickled cod.
In the 15th century, cod has long been famous, occupying half of the edible fish, and 60% of the fish on the Table of Europeans is cod. Huge market demand, huge profits and returns have made various European countries flock to cod, and they are constantly sending boats to find new cod fisheries for large-scale fishing.
At that time, the navigation technology was not advanced enough, and countless boats and fishing people looking for cod disappeared into the vast sea, but this did not stop people from looking for cod, and the dream of making a fortune made people crazy and intoxicated...
Looking at the entire history of human fishing and hunting, cod is legendary
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >2, look for cod stocks</h1>
In the 16th century, a popular legend spread that a Spaniard named Martinez was sentenced to death for dereliction of duty at work. He was thrown into a canoe and thrown into Guyana, in northern South America, to fend for himself, only to die and be blessed with misfortune. He drifts to an unknown place and is rescued by an indigenous person.
The natives blindfolded him and took him to a splendid palace for hospitality, and at the end returned his ship with gold and sent him back. The story of Martinez and El Dorado has since been widely circulated in the folk and has become a household legend.
Later, Martinez died inexplicably, and legend has it that he was cursed by the gold, but this did not affect the enthusiasm of the People of El Dorado, and many people ventured around hoping to find its location.
So, in the 16th century, Europeans were most interested in two things: one was to go to South America to find gold, and the other was to go to North America to catch cod. Before setting out, they, without exception, first prepare enough dried cod to support their voyage.
One of the most significant discoveries at that time was the discovery of the Newfoundland Shoal, one of the world's four largest fisheries (the other three were peruvian fisheries in Peru, Hokkaido in Japan, and North Sea in Britain).
The Newfoundland fishing grounds are located in the northwest atlantic ocean, on the edge of the continental shelf on the east coast of Canada, where the sun is abundant, the photosynthesis of organisms is very strong, coupled with the confluence of the Labrador Cold Current and the Gulf of Mexico Current, which promotes the exchange of upper and lower seawater, and the abundant bait and nutrient salts on the seabed are carried to the upper seawater, providing sufficient nutrients for the growth of plankton and fish, thus forming a complete ecosystem - rich phytoplankton nourishes a variety of zooplankton, and zooplankton attracts a large number of krill, Krill attract a variety of fish such as bluefish and humpback whales to feed, as well as millions of cod. This area of water is a secret that the Basques carefully guarded.
The Portuguese believed that they were the first to discover Newfoundland, calling it "the land of the Kings of Portugal", while British explorers who discovered Newfoundland declared it a British colony – they were invariably deeply shocked by the huge cod resources there, and saw unlimited business opportunities.
Newfoundland has since become a new land of wealth, and France and Spain are also eyeing it.
In the long historical years that followed, the French controlled both sides of its southwest, the British controlled its eastern part, and later belonged to Canada.
Newfoundland fisheries are home to cod, how much is there?
Dumas and his Count of Monte Cristo are known, but few people know that he was a foodie with a crush on cod. He once wrote a "Dictionary of Cooking", which made a bold imagination: "Some people have calculated that if every cod egg can hatch smoothly and every small fish can grow and mature, then in three years, the cod can fill the ocean, and then you can cross the Atlantic Ocean without touching the water." "
Of course, this is just a magnificent imagination based on science. But in Newfoundland, there has always been a legend that there are so many cod that you can easily step on the back of the cod and land.
In "Journey to the West", the Tang monks were hindered from crossing the Heavenly River, but fortunately they were able to cross the river safely with the help of the old turtle. If it were in the big shoals of Newfoundland, the script of this story would probably become a different spectacle.
Wen is as weak as a Tang monk, and here he can also stage a light feat of floating on the water, just light toe, you can walk on the sea like a flat foot, because the cod there is too thick and too thick.
It is said that fishing there is no need for bait at all, as long as you put a stone in the basket and hang it into the sea, you can catch a basket of cod.
Since the discovery of Newfoundland's fishing grounds, France, Britain, Spain, and Portugal have established fishing ports near Newfoundland to divide up this huge cake, and Newfoundland's fisheries have also flourished along with people's dreams of getting rich.
In Norway, Atlantic cod is dried in the traditional way
The market for cod is very vast. In the eyes of Europeans, cod is full of treasures. They can not only be used to marinate dried cod, cod heads can be boiled into thick soup; fish maw or fried or grilled or stewed soup, but also used to refine fish gelatin, make industrial clarifiers and glue; caviar can be eaten raw and smoked, and it is even more valuable after making caviar; the fresh cheek meat on both sides of the tongue and fish head is a rare delicacy, which cannot be compared with any mountain treasure and seafood.
Mediterraneans like to eat cod offal or risotto with pickled cod. Icelanders like to grill cod skin and mix it with butter, or put the cod liver in the belly of the fish and cook it like a sausage, and they also have a fondness for the nest of cod.
Newfoundlanders, on the other hand, prefer cod ovary. The Irish like to fry or boil cod roe, which is their traditional signature breakfast.
Among these people, the French are the most emotional, they are not only satisfied with their appetites, but also dried fish skins into leather and made into leather bags, delicate and elegant.
Cod also supports another huge market – cod liver oil.
In the early years, fishermen often left a black residue in the barrels filled with fish liver, and people regarded this mysterious black substance as a panacea for all diseases, and it is still worshipped as a miracle medicine in West Africa today.
Later, British medical scientists believed that extracting cod liver oil from cod liver could treat rheumatism, tuberculosis, various pains and malnutrition and other diseases, and cod liver oil began to be widely used in people.
The UK government also once forced students to drink cod liver oil every day, believing it would bring the healthiest children in history to the UK.
Cod, and people's lives have become inseparable.
Cod inspired the ambitions of Europeans, not only bringing great wealth to Europeans, but also greatly stimulating the development of the navigation industry. Because the road to Newfoundland to catch cod is long and the weather is uncertain, it is first necessary to improve navigation and shipbuilding technology and develop an ocean-going fleet.
Therefore, France, Britain, Spain, and Portugal, which have economic power, have vigorously developed ocean-going fleets to catch more cod, and the huge wealth created by cod has better fed these ocean-going fleets, so the rich are richer and the poor are poorer. And a poor country like Ireland, the whip is beyond reach, and can only look at the world and sigh.
It was probably the most glorious era in the history of cod, and the cod was even elevated to an almost divine status, becoming a totem symbolizing wealth. At that time, a large number of "cod upstarts" who made a fortune in the cod business also rose up in society, and they built mansions and decorated them with huge gilded cod, showing luxury.
The figure of cod is also often remembered and worshipped on the company's seal, on the newspaper emblem, and on the stamp stamp.
In the 17th century, there was a genius poet in Norway, Peter Dass, who was obsessed with the rich marine resources all his life and liked to record the lives of fishermen. He once lamented in his most famous collection of poems, The Horn of Norrland: "If the cod abandons us, what else do we have?" What should we do to exchange money for Bergen? (Bergen, an important city in Norway, famous for the cod trade)
More than 200 years later, people began to appreciate unprecedented crises and losses from peter Dass's lamentations.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > three, cod defense battle</h1>
After centuries of fishing, the cod fishing frenzy continued, and by the middle of the 19th century, due to overfishing in European countries, the fishery resources of the North Sea began to be urgent, and countries ran to iceland offshore to ensure the production of cod.
Iceland is a land of bullets, the land is poor, the crop growth period is short, and the only unique resource is cod.
However, due to the wanton fishing of various countries, in 1954, the Icelandic cod catch fell sharply, and the Icelanders were anxious, and in order to protect their own interests, they announced that they would extend the sea to a range of 12 nautical miles from the coast, that is, to ban foreign fishing boats from fishing within 12 nautical miles offshore, and set a deadline - August 30, 1958, other countries' ships must be withdrawn.
Fishing boats from all over the world obeyed the agreement and retreated 12 miles away, only the British were not satisfied, and the trawlers did not go. In order to show its great prestige, the Royal Navy also sent 37 warships and 7,000 sailors to support itself.
Against the "sun never sets" sophisticated royal warships are gunboats converted by Icelandic fishermen with old fishing boats, and the difference in strength between the two is really huge, and the British are quite proud, thinking that they have the chance to win and have no fear. But I didn't expect icelanders to deny it.
Although the fishermen of Iceland have no combat experience, they are not weak, you know, their ancestors are the famous Vikings on the rivers and lakes, starting by plundering at sea, living a life of licking blood on the tip of the knife, who is afraid of whom than the brave and fierce? Unconvinced, Iceland took the lead in firing.
Of course, the Icelanders were not stupid, they did not want to make things bigger, but they just came to the horse, wanted to give the British some color to see the shock, the shells exploded on the water far away from the British warships, but it really frightened the British. The British were put up there, beaten or retreated, and had to honestly sit down and negotiate.
In the end, the United Kingdom accepted Iceland's 12-nautical-mile conditions, and Iceland also gave Britain a three-year adjustment period, allowing it to fish in the 6-12 nautical miles range along the coast of some seas, and the storm was calmed. This is the famous cod war in history.
Later, as the marine fish stocks continued to deplete, Iceland again demanded the expansion of protected areas, and twice clashed with the United Kingdom.
In order to expel foreign fishing boats, the clever Icelanders also invented a secret weapon - the trawler, and once they found that they did not listen to the dissuasion to cross the line without permission, without saying a word, they directly used the trawl cutter to cut off their trawlers.
Cutting off a fishing net would mean a loss of $5,000, not including the loss of fish caught in the net, and the British suffered terrible losses, apparently underestimating the power of this new independent state.
In the face of Iceland's tough attitude, countries have come to be lobbyists. Britain's allies advise British consumers to change their dietary habits, prefer cod, and try other species.
The West German government advised Britain not to be so stubborn, as long as they switched to salmon or haddock, everyone would be happy.
The EC is also a reminder that Scotland has a large number of cod. Unfortunately, the British are so obsessed and stubborn, the fish in their eyes is cod, especially in the south of England, and they are not willing to accept other fish species.
But in any case, in the face of the rolling wheel of history, Britain finally had to make a compromise. Iceland has finally expanded its protected area to 200 nautical miles and gained exclusive economic rights to the sea for 200 nautical miles.
But the bustling spectacle of cod in the Atlantic is gone.
1907 Fishing port on the Labrador coast of Newfoundland
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >4, cod raiders</h1>
Cod, an ancient fish, was born 120 million years ago in the cold waters of the ancient Mediterranean Sea, and has evolved over the years to this day, which can be divided into ten families and more than 200 species, the more common of which are Atlantic cod, haddock, cod, cod and dog cod.
The fastest-evolving and largest of these is the Atlantic Cod, which is the most popular among humans and has the highest value.
In the minds of Europeans, there are only two species of cod in the world, one is Atlantic cod and the other is cod. Other cod are just ordinary food, but Atlantic cod is real money.
Atlantic cod is very outstanding in appearance, and it can conquer a large number of "face control" by its appearance alone. Its brown body has amber leopard spots, three large dorsal fins and two independent fins, and when swimming, the five fins are stretched out, graceful and luxurious, elegant posture, quite a bit of royal style. They can grow up to 2 meters long and weigh 200 kilograms, making them the most perfect economic fish.
To what extent do Europeans prefer Atlantic cod? British fishermen would only reluctantly turn their targets to other cod after they had caught enough quotas for Atlantic cod.
Iceland is rich in cod, but people never eat Atlantic cod, and if you ask why, Icelanders will be wide-eyed and surprised: "We don't eat money!" It felt as if he was answering Emperor Huidi of Jin's question, "Why don't you eat meat?" "
The world catches more than 6 million tonnes of cod each year, more than half of which is Atlantic cod. Because of the prestigious status of Atlantic cod, traditional fishermen have also formed a chain of contempt: only the fishing of Atlantic cod is a status symbol, they are dismissive of other species, and if they are allowed to catch those inconspicuous small fish, they will feel deep sadness.
Cod like to move in groups, have great vitality, and are very easy to survive. On the one hand, this is due to their own super resistance and adaptability, on the other hand, thanks to their good appetite.
Cod are very gluttonous, never picky eaters, do not refuse, and they can adjust their taste at any time according to the conditions of the habitat. In the Gulf of Maine, they eat molluscs, while in the Gulf of St. Lawrence they feed on bluefish, scaly fish and squid. This attitude of eating what they eat when they meet makes them not even let go of their own cubs, and they can eat them correctly.
Therefore, Anglers in Canada have invented various types of fish-type baits to catch them, and some of them simulate juvenile cod. This early bait was far less elaborate than it is now, and many of the baits were just a fish-shaped lead block, but anglers soon discovered that even an ordinary lead block without any modification could attract cod, and they also found styrofoam in the cod's stomach. Cod is such a natural foodie!
The greedy nature of cod makes them particularly easy to hook. They don't struggle and fight after being hooked, and usually they will lie down exhausted and tie their hands in less than ten minutes, so it is effortless to catch, you just have to drag it up.
This is because the white muscles of cod have extremely poor endurance and cannot withstand too long consumption, but the explosive power of this muscle is extremely strong and can contract quickly, so they look sluggish and lazy on weekdays, even if the disaster is imminent, they do not resist too much, but as soon as they see food, they will rush over without hesitation.
The silly and thick nature of cod makes the fishing process easy, but this kind of competition that does not require wisdom and fishing skills and lacks hand stimulation also makes many anglers less interested in them.
In fact, modern anglers simply cannot understand the pride of fighting a real Atlantic cod, the increasing poverty of marine resources limits our imagination, and the primitive pleasure and sense of accomplishment of conquering cod that we may never have had the opportunity to experience – before the 20th century, there was an endless stream of cod out of the water around the world: in Canada, fishermen caught cod as big as a human; in 1838, An 81.65 kg cod came out of the water at George Shoal; in 1898, a large cod 1.8 meters long and weighing 95.71 kg was recovered off the coast of Massachusetts...
It was the golden age of cod and the age of insanity for anglers. Once cod fishing is a game of the brave, people risk being swallowed up by the raging waves, looking for them in the vast sea, they have extraordinary perseverance and courage to fight against the cold, against the wind and waves, against all the impermanence of the world... In the North Atlantic, legends of heroic sailors and cod are everywhere.
The lifespan of cod is 20 years, and the elderly can even reach 30 years. Their fecundity is staggering, with 9,834,000 eggs observed in a medium-sized cod body. This gives humans the illusion that cod are endless and inexhaustible. Smith Homans lamented in his Encyclopedia of Commerce and Business Adventure that the number of cod eggs is so large that it would be impossible for humans to extinct them even with all their efforts.
For hundreds of years, human beings have been willingly indulging in such dreams and refusing to wake up, and it has proved that this is human ignorance and arrogance.
In the 1950s and 1970s, Iceland clashed with Britain in a fishing industry known as the "Cod War".
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > five, vanished cod</h1>
Newfoundland's Great Shoals were once famous for cod, and for a long period of time, cod fishing was a mainstay of the local industry.
However, by the second half of the 20th century, cod populations in Newfoundland waters had plummeted due to long periods of overfishing, and by the 1990s, the number of adult cod in Newfoundland was only 1.1% of that of the 1960s. In 1992, the Canadian government had to ban cod fishing and shut down Newfoundland fisheries, which devastated the Newfoundland fishery and left 30,000 people unemployed.
The first to perceive the fate of cod were fishermen. Cod is their food and clothing parent and the root of their survival. Long before the ban on fishing was issued, they had strongly urged the authorities to regulate fishing.
For many years, these local Newfoundland fishermen have followed a very traditional way of fishing, working as small-scale fishing boats on a family basis, and now modern tugboats are wantonly fishing on a large scale, and the amount of fishing in an hour is far more than the fishermen have earned for months, and they have almost fished out the cod.
Unfortunately, the relevant departments in Canada turned a deaf ear to the voices of fishermen, resulting in such tragic consequences.
After the ban was issued, The Canadian authorities began to develop a recovery plan for cod. They selected a number of fishermen in various fishing villages to assist the Fisheries Conservation Department in its expeditions. Some of these fishermen specialize in catching cod in large quantities, marking them and then releasing them all.
Others dissect a certain number of cod, observe the male and female, and remove their otoliths to determine the age of the cod. Fishermen monitor the increase in cod populations and report to the relevant authorities in a timely manner.
Although the commission for this errand is not high, it is a happy thing for the local fishermen. They have lived by the sea all their lives to eat the sea, and have nothing but to do with fish. After the ban on fishing was issued, they took the unemployment allowance issued by the Canadian OceanIc service, and they were idle, their hands were itching, they were overwhelmed, the ability to survive was useless, their lives were empty, and now they could finally do their old business, and there was something serious to do.
Touching the fishing net, they finally felt that the heart was hot and the person was alive.
The posture of the Atlantic cod
In the past, cod used to come to the nearshore every summer. Fishermen have mastered this law and set traps along the coast to catch them all. They laid huge fishing nets on the coast, a fishing method invented in the Labrador region in the 19th century, weaving twine into a net, without the need for bait to trap the fish, letting the cod swim in and out, most of the cod will stay in the net, collect the net twice a day, and catch thousands of cod in one summer.
In September, cod leaves the shore and moves into deeper waters, when fishermen take their fishing lines and sail to depths of 30 to 55 meters to look for cod. They hung bait on the hook, tied the 28-gram lead hammer to one end of the line to the bottom of the water, and tied the other end to the hand, and when they felt a fish struggling, they pulled the line hard, so that the hook hung firmly on the mouth of the fish, and then riveted the fish up.
The whole process cannot be slackened, because once it is relaxed, the fish will be decoupled.
Cod fishing is physically demanding, and fishermen in a boat of three people, usually one after another, do not get a moment to breathe, until the deck and cargo compartment are full, and everyone returns with a happy load. At that time, the harvest of a small fishing boat was often two or three thousand pounds a day, and now, this kind of fairy-like day can only be left in the memory forever.
For thousands of years, fishermen have wrestled with fish and summed up a set of their own experience and wisdom. They will look for schools of fish by observing changes in the seafloor and sky.
Fishermen in Nova Scotia will tie a lead hammer with wax grease to the bottom of the sea before fishing, glue the subsoil to observe its color, they are looking for a red gravel sea mud called "cherry subsoil", and when they find it, they stop here to fish, which is the best fishing spot for cod, the favorite home of local cod.
They also use the food chain to determine where to put the net, for example, if the seabirds on the coastline are quickly assembled, it means that there are small fish such as bluefish coming to the surface of the sea to feed, and at this moment, under the sea that we cannot see with the naked eye, cod and benthic fish must be waiting for the opportunity to catch these small fish with their mouths open...
The fishermen of the past were not just fishermen, but they had developed extraordinary skills through years of fishing life, and they were all excellent navigators, sailors, biologists, surveyors, mechanical engineers, weavers and tailors.
However, these ancient experiences and technologies are not worth mentioning in the face of modern scientific and technological means.
After the invention of the steam engine, the fishery developed at an extremely frightening speed, and steam trawlers became common vessels.
In 1928, diesel-engined trawlers, which were more efficient than steam engines, reappeared.
Mechanical power replaces traditional sails and oars, allowing the fishing to expand indefinitely.
After World War II, sonic locators and telemetry devices were applied to fisheries to help people search for fish more accurately and actively pursue them. These trawlers move to where the schools of fish are located, making it easy to catch the fish and creatures there.
In this way, the fishing speed is getting faster and more efficient, but the quality of the harvested cod is getting worse and worse, and many fish are caught before they are mature and transported to the market for sale.
Cod populations take a long time to thrive, and greedy humans simply can't wait to give them a chance to recuperate.
There is also a terrifying fish killer , the stray gillnet.
A drift gillnet is a type of fishing net that sinks to the bottom of the sea, and its shape looks like a badminton net, and the benthic fish will desperately break free after falling into this net, but in the end they all end up strangled to death.
The upper end of the glitter net is tied with a buoy as a mark, and the fishermen only need to pull the net to collect the fish on time every day.
Agriculture Canada openly encouraged the use of such nets in its 1885 report, when Canadian fisheries widely used a multi-hook long-line fishing method from France (fishing ropes are as short as half a mile long, as long as four or five miles long, and a fishing rope can hang up to tens of thousands of hooks), which greatly improves fishing efficiency, and the drift gill fishing method is more efficient than this, and does not require bait, which can save a lot of bait. However, the terrible thing about this fishing net is that it can automatically start a large-scale massacre underwater.
Sometimes the fishing net will accidentally fall off the anchor and float at sea, so that everything along the way where the net passes will be trapped in it and the net will be destroyed. Eventually, the nets will sink to the bottom of the sea because they are too heavy, so the creatures trapped in them become a good meal in the mouths of those benthic creatures, ready to be slaughtered.
When they are devoured, the nets float into the sea again and then embark on another round of slaughter on their own. This kind of exorcism is called a "ghost net" by people. It is estimated that a ghost net can be automatically caught in the sea for more than five years, and the damage caused to the entire marine life is immeasurable.
British fishermen have petitioned the government for legislation regulating multi-hook long-line and drift-net fishing, but the government arrogantly declares: "Fishermen are blind to other things, and fish is not the only necessity of daily life." "People ignore the beauty of marine resources, but they only see banknotes in them.
Nordic fishermen kill Atlantic cod
As a result, 70% of the fish in British waters are overfished, the fishery resources of the North Sea are at a sharp decline, and the Irish seas are in a moment of crisis of life and death.
As cod drifted away from humans, people did not seriously reflect on what they had done, but instead argued and blamed each other for the culprits who caused the situation.
Spain is the largest consumer market for cod, and with the largest fleet of ships and a lack of good fisheries, it has become the target of Atlantic fisheries problems. The British accused the Spaniards of catching all their cod, but they paid no mention of the fact that they had invented giant trawlers and multi-hook long-line fishing.
< h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > the future of life</h1>
In 1902, a British consul in Genoa exclaimed: If only we could go back in time when sailing was fishing.
However, there is no turning back, the development of technology is always moving forward, and people in modern society have long been accustomed to constantly using new means to solve new problems, and then create new problems, and the cycle begins.
Humans have tried to rebuild cod populations by farming cod for release. But this is obviously the whims of human beings themselves, because nature has its own laws of existence and will not easily accept human arrangements.
Wild cod is very strong in life, but farmed cod has long lost its natural properties and cannot withstand the wind and rain. They are regularly fed in the hotbeds prepared by humans, unable to withstand the cold and disease, do not know how to avoid predators, do not have the skills to hunt and hunt, and do not know how to move to the coast to lay eggs according to changes in water temperature.
Farmed cod are placed in dangerous natural waters, where they simply do not have the capacity to survive.
The more dire consequence is that once these cod, which have long been adapted to captivity, enter the natural waters to mate with wild cod and breed, they are likely to pass on the bad genes to the next generation, which will completely change the genes of the cod in the long run.
What exactly can we do? It is worth mentioning the Attitude of the Norwegian Government.
In 1989, when Norwegian cod stocks were on the verge of extinction and the future was worrying, the Norwegian government immediately decided to immediately reduce the size of fishing vessels and strictly restrict the development of fisheries. The most immediate consequence of this policy is the unemployment of a large number of fishermen, fishery processing plant workers and shipbuilders.
To protect cod, the Norwegians paid a considerable price. However, it is the courage and courage of such a brave man to break his wrist that gives the cod family a precious opportunity to recuperate. Two years later, Norway's cod population has finally grown again, and the Norwegian fishery has completely emerged from the crisis.
The World Wildlife Conservation Fund noted that if countries do not take measures to control cod fishing, cod resources will cease to exist in 15 years.
In fact, what is the fate of the cod? In the once glorious Fishery of Newfoundland, the humpback whale is gone, its favorite bluefish, squash and squid are gone, nothing.
Local fishermen used to spend an hour fishing for squid as bait, but now they can only buy frozen squid.
Overfishing of fish has risen to a global problem.
According to surveys, 60% of the world's fish species have been divided into three levels by humans: fully utilized, overused, and exhausted.
The sailfish population in the middle of the Atlantic is shrinking, shellfish and salmon in the Caribbean Sea are gradually disappearing, the red seabream in the Gulf of Mexico is almost extinct, the anchovies in Peru are decreasing sharply, the blue cod in the Sea of Okhotsk in Russia has disappeared, and the Yangtze River sturgeon in China has become a distant sound...
The global ecology is like lips and teeth, and the lips are cold.
Studies have shown that overfishing of carnivorous fish is more harmful than pollution and global warming, and their disappearance will completely destroy the ecosystems in the waters where they live, leading to the overgrowth of microorganisms to fill the gaps they leave behind, thus creating a "dead zone" for the ocean.
At present, such dead zones have emerged in the Gulf of Mexico, the Gulf of Chesapeake, the Baltic Sea and the Adriatic Sea, which are expanding into the high seas... This is no longer just a problem for one country, but a common problem facing people all over the world. You, me, and everyone, must think positively about how to face it and bear the consequences for it.
After all, when all kinds of fish continue to disappear, when the beautiful oceans begin to suffocate, where will the fate of humanity go?
Overfishing of carnivorous fish is more harmful than pollution and global warming, and their disappearance will completely destroy the ecosystems in the waters where they live
Overfishing of carnivorous fish is more harmful than pollution and global warming, and their disappearance will completely destroy the ecosystems in the waters where they are located, leading to the overgrowth of microorganisms to fill the gaps they leave behind, creating a "dead zone" for the oceans.
At present, this is a common problem facing people all over the world. You, me, and everyone, must think positively about how to face it and bear the consequences for it. After all, when all kinds of fish continue to disappear, when the beautiful oceans begin to suffocate, where will the fate of humanity go?