Those who have a certain understanding of the pig industry should have heard of words such as "ternary pig", "binary pig", "soil pig", "original breeding pig", etc., so what do these words mean, and what kind of pig is the pork we usually eat? Which pork is better? The following author will solve the puzzles for the reader's friends one by one.
Text/GuoRanyou Picture comes from the Internet
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >, what is "yuan"? </h1>
A simple understanding of "yuan" represents the bloodline in the body of this pig, if it is a binary pig, it means that it carries the blood of two pig breeds, and if it is a ternary pig, it means that it carries the blood of three pig breeds. We all know that there is a theory of "hybrid advantage", that is, the offspring of two different breeds of animals will retain the advantages of these two breeds separately, so that the species has a more obvious advantage, so as to ensure that the good genes can be continued, and the "binary pig" and "ternary pig" use this theory.
1) One dollar pig
Usually, the title "monistic pig" rarely appears, and in most cases it will be called the original breeding pig, which represents the purebred pig of this breed. China's current pig breeds can be divided into domestic breeds and foreign varieties of two categories, and the common foreign breeds are Duroc, the great white pig (also known as the York pig), the long white pig, the Pitland pig and the Hampshire pig, in recent years, the great white pig, the long white pig and the Duroc pig have been recognized by more and more pig friends because they are more suitable for China's feeding conditions. The more famous breeds in China are Taihu pig (famous for the high number of litters), Northeast Folk Pig, Rongchang Pig, Jinhua Pig, Neijiang Pig and so on. Foreign varieties are lean pigs, and their lean meat rate is higher; while most of the domestic breeds belong to fatty pigs, and the lean meat rate of their meat products is low. With the change of the direction of consumption of our people, lean pigs are more in line with the consumption habits of Chinese consumers, and their breeding volume is also getting larger and larger.
The main use of the original breeding pig is to breed breeding pigs, the offspring produced by the mating of the same breed is to produce the original breeding pig to continue to retain the breed, and the offspring produced by the mating of the two breeds is the binary pig, the sow is generally used to produce litters and breed commercial pigs, and the binary boar will be directly divided into the ranks of commercial pigs.
Original Duroc boar
2) Binary pigs
Binary pigs refer to the offspring obtained after the hybridization of two different breeds, which can be a hybrid of two foreign varieties, two domestic varieties, or a foreign and a domestic breed. More common are two foreign varieties or one foreign and one domestic. For example, if the long white pig does the father and the big white pig does the mother, then the offspring obtained become the growing binary pig; and if the long white does the wood, and the big white does the mother, the offspring obtained is the big long binary pig; if the big white does the father, the Taihu pig does the mother, and the offspring obtained are called the big two-dimensional pig. Its naming convention is that the father is in front and the mother is in the back.
The main use of binary pigs is to breed commercial pigs, and their breeding piglets are normally fully classified as commercial pigs, and occasionally reserved for breeding purposes. For example, after the occurrence of African swine fever, China's original breeding pigs are scarce, binary sows are also a scarce breed, in order to meet the needs of sows, many pig farms are selected from the descendants of the previous binary pigs to use as sows.
Binary gilts
3) Ternary pigs
According to the different sources of the father and the mother, the ternary pig can be divided into the outer ternary pig (also known as the foreign ternary pig) and the inner ternary pig (also known as the soil hybrid pig), according to the current breed hybridization habits, the ternary pig is generally the offspring obtained by the hybridization of the binary sow and the Duroc boar. The difference between "outside" and "inside" is mainly whether the blood of the sow contains foreign breeds, if the blood of the binary sow is a foreign breed, it is an outer ternary, such as growing up binary pig as a mother, Duroc pig as a father, then the hybrid offspring are called Du grown ternary pigs. And if the binary sow's bloodline contains a domestic breed, it is the inner ternary, such as the long tai binary pig as the mother, Duroc as the father, and the hybrid offspring are called du chang tai ternary pigs.
Under normal circumstances, the use of ternary pigs is to slaughter and provide pork, and ternary pigs are generally castrated within 7-10 days after birth to prevent the development of their reproductive organs, improve their growth rate, and reduce the ratio of feed to meat to obtain higher pig profits.
Ternary fattening pigs
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >2. What kind of pork is sold in the supermarket? </h1>
At present, most of the pork sold in supermarkets and pork retail outlets is the meat of ternary pigs, and most of them are the meat of extra-ternary pigs, because the outer ternary pigs have a higher growth rate, stronger environmental tolerance, lower meat ratio, and naturally have higher profits. In addition, because the ternary pigs are all hybridized with lean pigs, the lean meat rate of their meat is relatively high, which is more in line with the current consumer demand.
There are also a small number of meat belonging to the inner ternary pig, most of the current large-scale pig farms are raised by the outer ternary pigs, only some rural free-range farmers because the pig breed awareness is not strong, choose the ternary pig that is more suitable for China's breeding environment, that is, the soil miscellaneous pigs on the line of feeding.
In addition, some pork comes from binary boars and original breeding pigs with inconspicuous secondary sex characteristics or poor reproductive organ development, which cannot be retained for breeding purposes and will also be castrated as fattening pigs.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, why is the pig out of the barn time now significantly lower than before? </h1>
In the past, the pigs raised in the countryside had to be raised for a year or even two years before they came out of the pen, so in our country there is a custom of "killing pigs", generally in the spring every year farmers will go to the market to purchase two newly weaned piglets, which will be fed until the New Year, buy two piglets on the one hand to prevent one of them from getting sick and dying, and one "substitute" to use, on the other hand, two are fed after the big one can be used to kill the New Year pig, the other can be sold for money to buy other New Year goods in addition to pork.
Farmers raise pigs
And now the pig out of the barn time in the large-scale pig farm only takes 6 months, some friends will ask why the pig out of the barn time is significantly lower than before, is it the use of some "hormone" drugs? The use of legal growth promotion preparations in feed is conducive to increasing the growth rate of pigs and guaranteeing the profits of pig farms, which is a legal behavior, in addition to the use of drugs, there are several important reasons why the current pig growth rate is higher than before:
A, the breed is different, the current pig to lean pigs mainly, previously is the fat type, weight of the same weight lean pigs need less energy, so its growth rate is faster;
b, the feed is different, the feed of the previous pig is relatively single, and the nutritional collocation is not comprehensive; now the pig gives a more comprehensive feed, and will produce different feeds according to the nutritional needs of the pigs at different stages to ensure the growth rate of the pigs;
C, breeding needs are different, in the past pigs in addition to slaughtering meat, to help farmers produce farm manure is also an important need, so there is no need for too high growth rate, and now the "only" purpose of raising pigs is to slaughter and eat meat, and its growth rate will have a certain difference under different needs.
Large pig farms
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >4, which kind of pork is more delicious</h1>
First of all, we need to understand what kind of pork is considered "delicious" pork? Whether pork is good or not belongs to a sensory evaluation, different people have different evaluation standards, so it is difficult to use a unified standard to measure the quality of pork, but statistical studies have found that most people still prefer a higher content of flavor substances (fatty acids, etc.), intermuscular fat content of 2-3%, meat is good hydraulic, more tender pork.
If pork is evaluated according to the above "good" standards, then under the same feeding time conditions, there is basically no difference between the original pork, binary pork, and ternary pork, and the pork of the farm pigs that we usually say is more delicious than the pork raised in large-scale pig places, which is also caused by the different growth times under different conditions.
The pigs of large-scale pig farms are raised under highly intensive conditions, and the growth rate of their pigs is also fast enough, and in order to ensure that their interests are maximized, pig farms usually go out of the barn when the pig herd grows to about 220-240 pounds, which can ensure its lowest feed-meat ratio and the highest breeding profit. However, due to the excessive pursuit of the growth rate and lean meat rate in the fattening process, the fat content in pork is only about 1.5%, that is, the lean meat rate is too high, so it tastes hard, the fat content is less, the flavor substance content is less, and it feels "not delicious".
The farm pig because of its own growth rate is slow, and the feed nutrition is not comprehensive, will not consider the economic benefits, so it has enough time to accumulate intermuscular fat, accumulate flavor substances in the muscle, after 8 months - a year of growth, the flavor substance content in the muscle is higher, the intermuscular fat content has also reached the standard of 2-3%, the meat system hydraulic power is also ideal, feel "more delicious".
However, because the profit of raising pigs in this breeding mode is very weak, so the real farm native pork market is basically not available, and the so-called "soil pork" in some markets is only borrowed from our domestic varieties using modern breeding technology to breed "castrated products". The author believes that judging that pork is not native pork, should not pay attention to the variety, but should pay more attention to the breeding time, as long as the breeding time reaches more than 8 months, whether it is a domestic variety or a foreign variety, it is delicious.