Pay attention and learn more about pig farming together!
Pig breeds are the basic resources for pig production. In terms of production efficiency, the contribution rate of germplasm resources is more than 40%, so choosing the right breed of pigs is the key to large-scale pig farms. China is the country with the richest pig breeding resources in the world, and it is also the country with the most used breeds in pig production. Due to the limited space, the following sections focus on the main lean pig breeds currently commonly raised in the world, the Taihu lake pigs with large feeding quantities, and some local breeds under key protection in Fujian Province. Because of the factory breeding of pigs, the native pig breeds in many places have disappeared, which is a major loss for China's pig industry! What good native pigs have you encountered, let's talk about it!
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" >, Duroc pigs</h1>
Duroc's coat is brownish red or golden yellow, with different shades of color, a well-proportioned and compact body structure, thick limbs, a deep and wide body, a plump back body, and a muscular leg and hips. Strong physique, strong stress resistance, fast growth rate, high feed utilization rate, high carcass lean meat rate, good meat quality. The daily age of 100 kg of body weight is 156 days, the daily weight gain of the growth and fattening period is as high as 802 grams, the ratio of feed to meat is 2.74:1, the thickness of the dorsal fat is 9.03 mm, and the lean meat rate of the carcass is about 65%. Sows generally begin their first estrus around 7 months of age, but have fewer litters and slightly worse lactation. In the hybridization utilization, it is generally used as the parent book, and most of the terminal parents of the ternary hybridization.
Duroc pigs are native to the United States, and countries are bred into strains with some performance advantages according to their own market needs. At present, the Duroc currently raised in the mainland of China mainly comes from the United States, Canada and Taiwan, etc., and is called the American Duroc, the Canadian Duroc and the Taiwan Duroc respectively.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" > two, long white pig</h1>
The whole body of the long white pig is covered with white hair, the ears are large and long and leaning forward, the head and neck are lighter, the mouth is longer, the body is long, the dorsal line is flat and slightly arched, the hip muscles are plump, the abdominal line is straight, and the nipples are more than 6 pairs, neatly arranged. Sexual maturity is late, and boars generally mature sexually at 6 to 7 months of age after birth, and begin to breed at 8 months of age. The number of live litters in the nest reached 11.1. Fast growth rate, high feed utilization rate, good reproductive performance, strong adaptability. At 100 kg of body weight, the thickness of the living body is 12.3 mm, and the daily age of 100 kg is 158 days, and the carcass lean meat rate reaches 65%. The long white pig is an excellent parent for the production of lean pigs and is often used as a maternal breed.
The long white pig is native to Denmark, and similarly, countries have bred some strains with different performance advantages according to their own market needs. At present, the long white pigs raised in China are mainly from Denmark (Danish long white), the United States (American long white), Canada (Canadian long white), the United Kingdom (British long white), Switzerland (Swiss long white) and other countries.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > three, York pig</h1>
The York pig is also known as the Great White Pig. The fur is white, the ears are medium-sized, upright, the mouth is slightly long and slightly curved, the back waist is straight or slightly arched, the abdomen is slightly droopy, the limbs are higher, the limbs and hooves are strong, the legs and hips are well developed, and the physique is strong. There are more than 6 pairs of nipples, neatly arranged. Fast growth, high feed utilization, high litter yield, high carcass lean meat rate. The average number of litters was 12.03 and the number of live litters was 11.21. Up to 100 kg of body weight is 158 days old, and the carcass lean meat rate reaches more than 64%. It is usually used as the first mother to produce ternary hybrid pigs, the most commonly used is the York pig as the first mother, the long white pig as the first father, the production of "long × large" binary sow. Many places in China also use The York pig as the father, improve the local pig, and carry out binary or ternary hybridization, and the effect is also very good.
The York pig is native to the UK. At present, the main York pigs raised in China are British York pigs (British), American York pigs (American), French York pigs (French) and Canadian York pigs (Canadian).
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > iv, Pitland pig</h1>
Pitland pig fur is gray and white, with black and white spots, and some are mixed with red hair. The ears are erect, the body is wide and short, the back is wide, the front and back shoulders are full, the back body is developed, and it is a double muscle buttocks, which is known as a "bodybuilder". The limbs are thicker, but because of their muscularity, they often cause the limbs to be injured by overweight. Once the boar reaches sexual maturity, it has a strong sexual desire, and the sow's initial love period is generally 190 days old, and the carcass lean meat rate is as high as 70%. Pitland pigs are currently one of the breeding pigs with the highest lean meat rate, and the stress response is the most prominent of all pig breeds. It is mainly used to produce hybrid boar "× du" or "du × skin", providing an economic father for hybrid production of commercial pigs to improve the lean meat rate of commercial pigs.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > five, locust pig</h1>
Locust pig, commonly known as "black pig", is distributed in southwest Fujian, mainly produced in Zhangping, Shanghang, Datian and other counties and cities. The whole body is black, the head is short and wide, there are obvious transverse wrinkles on the forehead, and the ears are slightly forward. The body is short, the chest is wide and deep, the back is wide and concave, commonly known as "double ridge", the abdomen is large and droopy, the hips are plump, the thighs are thick, mostly recumbent, and the tail root is thick. It has the advantages of early maturation and easy fat, strong ability to deposit fat, fine bones, tender and delicious meat, high slaughter rate, mild temperament, suitable for extensive feeding management, etc., but the growth is slower and the individual difference is larger. It has a large breeding capacity and can be used as the preferred variety for the production of high-quality pork.
Locust pigs can be divided into two groups: large bones and fine bones. Large bone pigs are larger, thicker bones, flat back, and the number of litters is slightly higher than that of fine bone pigs; fine bone pigs are shorter than large bone pigs, fat deposition is earlier, bone is thin, and the meat yield rate is higher.
Boars mature earlier, generally at the age of 8 months, and experienced breeders only begin to breed when they are 10 months old and weigh 35 to 40 kg. The maximum age of boar utilization can reach 16 years, and it is generally better in the first 6 years. Sow nipples are generally 5 to 6 pairs. The first estrus begins around 4 months of age, and is usually first matched when it is 6 to 8 months old and weighs about 40 kg.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >6, Northern Fujian Flower Pig</h1>
The northern Fujian flower pig is mainly produced in Xia Mao in Sha County, Sanming City, Yangkou in Shunchang County, Nanping City, and Wangtai in Yanping District, and is a pig breed adapted to the colder and humidity areas of Fujian Province and extensively managed areas. It is covered with fine, thin, short, black and white patches, the distribution is not very consistent, the head is medium in size, the forehead has wrinkles of different shades and different traits, the ears are leaning forward, the neck is short and thick, the back and waist are wide, the back is more concave, the abdomen is large and droopy, and the hips are wide and slightly inclined. It has the characteristics of early maturation and easy fat, tender meat and delicious taste, but the growth is slow. The average number of litters for primary sows is 7.5 heads, and the average number of litters for sows is 8.77 heads. Pigs are sexually matured earlier, generally starting at 5 to 6 months of age, and using normally at 10 months of age. Boars generally do not last more than 4 years. It can be used as a hybrid parent, and is the preferred variety for the production of high-quality pork.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > seven, Wuyi black pig</h1>
Wuyi Black Pig is a local pig breed in the Wuyi Mountains. It is produced in the counties of the foothills on both sides of the Wuyi Mountains, in the territory of Fujian Province, and is mainly produced in the townships of Pinghu in Gutian, Chaping in Zhenghe, and Shipi in Pucheng. The coat is grayish black, the head is medium-sized, the face is slightly longer and slightly concave, the forehead has wrinkles of varying shades, the ears are medium-sized, leaning forward and drooping; the neck is short and the back is wide, the back waist is straight or slightly concave, the abdomen is large and droopy; the hips are wide and plump, and the limbs are thin and strong. It has the characteristics of early maturation and easy fat, thin skin and tender meat, delicious taste and so on. Boars mature early, start trial matching at 6 to 7 months of age, and use normally at 8 to 10 months of age. Generally used for 3 to 6 years, that is, eliminated. Sows generally begin breeding at 8 to 10 months of age and weighing more than 40 kg. Sows have about 6 pairs of nipples, but the number of litters is low and the growth is slow. Under general feeding conditions, the average litter was 9.37 heads, the average newborn weight was 0.75 kg, the 20-day-old nest weighed 20 kg, the 60-day-old weaned 8.99 heads, the nest weight was 74.51 kg, and the feeding rate reached 95.94%.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" >8, Putian black pig</h1>
Putian black pigs are mainly produced in the northwest of Putian City and Fuqing City. The Putian black pig is a pig breed formed at a low feeding level. It has the advantages of good coarseness resistance, early maturation, humidity and heat resistance, gentle temperament, and good reproductive performance. The coat is sparse and grey-black; the head is slightly narrow and long, the face is slightly concave, with a deep diamond-shaped forehead; the ears are medium large, thin and leaning forward. The neck length is moderate, the back waist is flat or slightly concave, the back body is slightly higher, the hips are slightly inclined, the body is plump, and the belly is large and droopy. It can be used as a hybrid parent, carry out hybrid utilization, and is the preferred variety for the production of high-quality pork. Boars have early sexual maturity, and 4-month-old boars can collect 30 ml of semen, sperm density reaches the upper middle standard, and motility reaches level 5. It is generally used at 6 months of age, and 1 to 2 years old is the peak of breeding. The period of use shall not exceed 5 years. 34.25% of sows had 6 pairs of nipples and 56.11% of 7 pairs. Sows are first mated when they are 6 to 7 months old and weigh 25 to 35 kg.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > nine, Taihu lake pig</h1>
Taihu pigs are produced in the Taihu Lake Basin of Jiangsu and Zhejiang Regions, and are divided into Erhua face pigs, Meishan pigs, Fengjing pigs, Jiaxing black pigs and Hengjing pigs according to different places of origin. The coat is sparse, black or bluish grey, the limbs and nose are white, the abdomen is purple-red, the head is wide, the forehead and hindquarter are deeply wrinkled, and the ears are large and droopy, shaped like flue-cured tobacco leaves. Medium size, thick limbs, large sagging abdomen, slightly higher hips, 8 to 9 pairs of nipples, up to 12.5 pairs. Sexual maturity is early, and the quality of boar sperm 4 to 5 months old reaches the annual pig level. Sows are in heat at 2 months of age. The average number of first-born sows is 12, and the average number of sows is more than 16; more than 3 litters can be produced 20 per litter; the number of litters in excellent sow nests reaches 26, and the highest record has been 42. Taihu pigs have relatively stable genetic properties, and have strong advantages in combining with lean pig breeds, and are most suitable as hybrid mothers. At present, Taihu pigs are commonly used to produce the long-term binary sow (the first generation of sows that the long white pig boar and the Taihu pig sow hybridized), and then carry out ternary hybridization with the third breed.
What have you raised, let's talk about it.