N'Djamena (French: N'Djamena) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Chad. Formerly known as "Fort Lamy" (before 1973). In central Africa, located at the confluence of Chad's main rivers Chari and Logun, the city has a long history of construction, as a commercial trading station on the southern edge of the ancient Sahara Desert, which became a French colony in the 80s of the 19th century, and became the capital after Chad's independence in 1960.
N'Djamena has an area of 104 km² and a population of 1,092,066 (2012).
N'Djamena has a savannah climate with an average temperature of 23.4°C in January and 28.3°C in July. The average annual precipitation is 510.3 mm. The highest temperature is 42°C (April) and the lowest is 14°C (December).
N'Djamena is located in north-central Africa, on the southern edge of the Sahara Desert. It borders Libya to the north, Central Africa and Cameroon to the south, Niger and Nigeria to the west, and Sudan to the east. The terrain is relatively flat, with an average altitude of 300-500 meters, and only the northern, eastern and southern border areas are plateau and mountainous. The northern region belongs to the Sahara Desert or semi-desert, accounting for more than 1/3 of the country's area; To the east is the highland region; The central and western regions are vast quasi-plains; In the northwest, Tibes raised the original average altitude by 2,000 meters. At 3,415 meters above sea level, Mount Coussi is the highest peak in the country and Central Africa. The main rivers are the Chari River, the Logon River and so on. Lake Chad is the largest inland freshwater lake in central Africa, ranging from 10,000 to 25,000 square kilometers due to seasonal changes in water levels. It has a tropical desert climate in the north and a savannah climate in the south.
Fierce fighting broke out in N'Djamena
Chadian militants attacked the capital, N'Djamena, again on 4 February 2008, sending thousands of people fleeing the capital under gunfire and fire to seek refuge in Cameroon. It is reported that the fierce fighting on the third day has seriously made the situation in the city more and more unstable, which has already caused riots. An hour after an armed ceasefire in Chad, the UN Security Council authorized the rest of France to help the Chadian government resolve the crisis.
Analysts believe that the unrest in Chad is showing signs of further deterioration. On the streets of N'Djamena, bodies lay scattered in the streets and vehicles and tanks were burned beyond recognition in the fire. On 28 January, some 1,000 to 1,500 Chadian rebels traveled in about 300 trucks from Chad's eastern border near the Sudan, across the desert and marched all the way to the capital. On 2 February, they engaged in heavy fighting with government forces in the capital, occupying most of N'Djamena and besieging the presidential palace. On 3 February, Chadian government forces launched a fierce counterattack against the rebels, using helicopters and tank artillery to storm areas held by the rebels. The rebels were repulsed earlier on 4 February, but they insisted that it was a tactical retreat to give civilians a chance to flee. In the afternoon, the two sides fought fiercely again.
An official at UNHCR said: "At present, heavy fighting has broken out in N'Djamena. "It is reported that military and humanitarian organization officials estimate the death toll to be too high to calculate. A military spokesman for the judge said: "The fighting is fierce and heavy weapons have been used, resulting in many deaths and injuries. The French head of the peacekeeping mission in Chad, Isbela, and MSF both said that according to statistics, about hundreds of people were injured, most of them believed to have been accidentally injured by deflected bullets. Isbella said the fighting had caused great difficulties in counting the number of wounded, but since Saturday MSF has treated about 70 wounded. In addition, during heavy fighting on both sides, some thousands of people fled from Chad to Cameroon. Since its independence in 1960, Chad has been characterized by violent conflict and political instability. Déby took power in 1990 and was re-elected in 1996 and 2001. In June 2005, Chad passed constitutional amendments that enabled Déby to be re-elected president for a third term in 2006. In 2005 and 2006, a number of high-ranking Chadian military officers decided to join the Chadian rebels, taking advantage of the volatile situation along the eastern border to threaten the Government.
Chad is a former French colony and about 1,800 soldiers are stationed here. But French officials say there are no plans to confront the militants. Referring to the UN mandate, French Foreign Minister Kouchner said: "I hope we don't have to use force. About 1,500 French live in Chad, most of them in the capital N'Djamena. France sent an additional 150 troops to assist in the evacuation, and French military aircraft transported 74 French and other nationals out of N'Djamena on 2 February 2008, arriving in Libreville, the capital of Gabon, early on the morning of 3 February. Despite exhaustion, these people are glad that they have escaped a catastrophe. The United Nations has also said it will evacuate staff to Cameroon. Meanwhile, French President Nicolas Sarkozy, who remarried on February 2, had to interrupt the wedding celebrations and call President Déby. He also convened two emergency meetings to discuss the situation in Chad. The United States also said it was closely monitoring the situation in Chad, and the U.S. Embassy evacuated some staff and evacuated all family members. African Union leaders, who are meeting in the Ethiopian capital, strongly condemned the rebels' actions and demanded an immediate end to the violence. Tanzanian President Kikwete, the newly elected chairmanship of the African Union, said the AU would not recognize it if Chadian rebels seized power.