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A dictator collapses, and power is still passed on in the family.
Chad's Acting President Mahmoud, dressed in military uniform and red berets, attends the funeral of former President Idriss Déby Itno on April 23, 2023. In the coffin covered by the blue, yellow and red flags lies his father, Idris Déby Itno.
The dictator died after being wounded in battle with rebel groups, while his son, 37-year-old Mahmoud Idris Déby, was declared the new acting president. At the funeral, French President Emmanuel Macron sat next to Mahmoud and was the only Western head of state to attend. However, in any case, the shadow of the father still hangs over the country.
In his speech, Macron praised Idris as a "friend of France" and a "courageous leader," but in fact, Chad directly suspended its constitution, dissolved the government and parliament when the country faced a crisis, and planned to hold "free democratic" elections in 18 months.
In fact, "who will replace the president" has never seemed to be a question for Chad. In 1990, Idris Déby Itno seized power in a coup d'état, beginning a 30-year rule. Now, with the promotion and acquiescence of various forces at home and abroad, Mahmoud, who is also only 37 years old, has taken over his father's position.
The fall of the dictator did not change the trend of power succession. In Chad, power has been in the hands of a large family, with Idris Déby having as many as five wives and a dozen sons.
Among his wives, Hinda Déby Innote, often referred to as "First Lady," is 44, seven years older than Mahmoud. Hinda and Idris have five children, all of whom are dual French and Chadian nationals, and are still young. Unlike the wives of other African leaders, Shinda is not only ambitious, but also capable and bold. In 2006, the day after the rebels attacked the capital, she and the president took to the streets to boost morale and did a lot of work on issues such as fighting for women's rights in Africa and eradicating AIDS.
In contrast to the high-profile Shinda, Mahmoud's mother has not been seen in the media. He was raised by his grandmother, which also led him to be called "Kaka", which means "grandmother" in Chadian Arabic. Mahmoud left Chad early and attended the Lycée Montaigne in France in high school, then briefly studied at the military school in Aix-en-Provence, before returning home to complete his military training.
He was not the most famous of Idris's sons and did not have a strong mother to back him up. But so far, Mahmoud and his father's life trajectories have many similarities. They all had military backgrounds and strong ties to France. His father trained in France, where Mahmoud began his military career. He took over his father's position at the same age as his father, who staged a coup d'état at the age of 37, raising concerns about whether he too would be obsessed with power to ensure the family's longevity.
The political contradictions in Chad are mainly concentrated on the complex national struggle. Born into the Zagawa ethnic group, Idris has always tried to concentrate power in the hands of his family and clansmen, who control the army, police, strategic ministries and government departments. This nepotism has even led to absurd situations, such as Mahmoud's illiterate aunt who became the acting mayor of the capital city by virtue of her family background.
From oil to banking, Chad's economy is also under their control. First Lady Shinda's family profited handsomely. Since Chad became an oil-producing country, oil-related industries at all levels have been controlled by its relatives. Many of Shinda's brothers also serve in the government, holding positions in health, justice, education and other positions. This familialism reached its peak in 2018 when Idris amended the constitution to allow him to remain in power until 2033.
However, Idri
The sibling rivalry, the power game of family inheritance, seems to never stop. In this politically suspenseful story, power has been passed down through the family for generations, making Chad's future more complex and uncertain.
Mahmoud Idriss Déby, at the age of 37, became the acting president of Chad, but the pressures and challenges he carried were self-evident. At the same time, the family network behind him is still large, and the voices for power are constantly heard. The way the son succeeds to the throne may change, but family politics continues.
This story of power inheritance has also attracted attention and reflection around the world. It reflects a pattern of political power in African countries, but also reveals the intricacies of international politics and geostrategy. Chad's geography makes it a key ally of France in the African region, a relationship that becomes more complicated when dealing with domestic political crises.
Moreover, the political situation in Chad has affected regional stability and security. In a hostile geopolitical environment, Chad has been striving to preserve its territorial integrity and national security. However, family politics and power struggles can lead to internal instability, further exacerbating regional tensions, and creating uncertainty and challenges for Chad and its neighbors.
Ultimately, where Chad heads in the future will depend on the evolution of domestic politics, the intervention of the international community and efforts at international and regional cooperation. The only certainty in this volatile story is that the fate of Chad will continue to be a source of concern and concern for the international community.
To sum up, Chad's political heritage and power games seem to follow the family tradition, but its future is still full of uncertainties as the times change and the international situation evolves. At this historic juncture, full of challenges and opportunities, the people of Chad and the international community look forward to a more stable, prosperous and democratic Chad. Only time and effort will reveal the answers of the future.
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