Written by Lu He
3. Mr. Big, who is tireless
Liang Yin has run schools, taught apprentices, served as a mentor, compiled teaching materials, evaluated examination papers, and has a very unique teaching experience.
In 1320, at the age of 17, Liang Yin opened a school in his hometown, teaching the study of writing, precepts, and phonology.
In 1324, when Liang Yin was 21 years old, he took Wen to pay homage to Dr. Guozijian and Confucianism to raise Liu Youqing, and was recommended to the Nanchang tycoons Deng and Jiang to teach his sons.
In 1332, when Liang Yin was 29 years old, he failed the imperial examination, so he was trained by his mother that "Zi Weiwei" Yun 'filial piety' decided to give up his reputation and continued to apprentice Yuzhang (present-day Nanchang). ”
In 1347, at the age of 44, Liang Yin founded Zonglian Academy in his hometown. In the autumn of that year, Wu Dangbo, a former Hanlin editor, presided over Yuzhang's examination, and Liang Yin's protégé Yazhi took the exam Yi Kui (Yi Xue's first place), and set up a banquet in the Tengwang Pavilion to entertain the chief examiner. Wu Dangbo saw that Yazhi was born short, so he asked him why he was admitted to high school and who the teacher was. Yazhi reported the name of his teacher Liang Yin. Wu Dangbo did not know who he was at that time, so his friend Huang Zizhong introduced and praised Liang Yin's learning and morality. Wu Dangbo said that such a good person must get acquainted, so he personally came to the academy to meet Liang Yin.
In 1348, at the age of 45, Liang Yin was hired by Zhang Junji, a provincial official to go to Jiangning (present-day Nanjing) to train Zhang's son, and soon at the request of the county doctor Luo Hanzhi, he took up the post of Confucian training in Jiqinglu. He resigned the following year and continued his Confucian career.
In 1351, when Liang Yin was 48 years old, when the Red Turban Rebellion broke out, Liang Yin's plan to go north to Qufu, the hometown of Confucius, to open an apprenticeship was stranded. In the following 19 years, Liang Yin always "took Confucianism as a resource", "was kind and silent" and "held his body" in his hometown.
From 1368 to 1370, Liang Yin was 65 to 67 years old, and he was recruited to Beijing to participate in the study of the "Ming Ji Li Cheng", and also participated in the compilation of the "Yuan History", "praising the purpose, conferring the head of the Ministry of Rites" and "speaking with old force". Since the Jiangxi exams before and after, all five moves, all of them are good people.
In 1377, at the age of 74, Liang Yin founded Shimen Shushe, which was later changed to Shimen Academy, until his death in his hometown in the twenty-second year of Ming Hongwu (1390).
It can be said that Liang Yin is not only a natural educator, but also an outstanding all-round educational talent. As a great educator, what is the secret of Liang Yin's success?
First of all, Liang Yin is a scholar who writes a book. As the saying goes, to give a student a bowl of water, the teacher must have a bucket of water. Liang Yin's water is not only a bucket, but simply a well, and this well is the living water of the source of his thoughts. An overview of Liang Yin's self-described works in the "Liang Shuzhuang Ji" in Liang Yin's "Shimen Collection": "The previous reading of Cheng Zhu's "Yi", with its interpretation of the scriptures, is a fusion of the two families, combined into one, called "Yi Shenyi"; In reading "Spring and Autumn", the words of the disease are different, and they ask for praise or disparagement, because Zhu Zi's words are only worthy of people, which is called "Spring and Autumn Kaoyi"; and after returning to old age, in the "Book", he also explained it with the details of the "Legend of Cai", which is called the "Book of Compilation"; In the "Book of Rites", it is also called "Similar Rites" with its many refutations, only aphorisms, and divided by categories; In "Zhou Guan", he also changed his notes to make it clear, which is called "Zhou Li Kao Notes"; In the "Poem", because of the legend of Zhu Zi, the performance of its righteousness is affirmed, which is called "Poetry Interpretation"; The history of the scriptures, to be questioned, is called the "Essentials". All the words of the group of books take their essence and affirm their own intentions, which is called "On the Forest"; If the time is lost, the ancient road is discussed, and a little exhortation is given, which is called the "Elder Saying"; If the history is complicated, it is important and easy to read, which is called the "History"; Repeat the ancient maxims of the class collection, change its essence, and call it the "class training". It is the one who writes books, or engraves them, or writes them in storage, and all the books they get are gathered in one room, so they are called the book Zhuangyan. The Siku Quanshu contains the Preface to the Collected Works of Baishimen written by Yan Sisheng, the governor of Hubei in the Qing Dynasty and an attendant of Hubei, for the "Collection of Mr. Liang Shimen" in the fifteenth year of Qianlong, saying that Liang Yin "works equally", "such as "Zhou Yi" has "Reference", "Shang Shu" has "Compilation of Yi", "Mao Poem" has "Romance of Yi", "Spring and Autumn" has "Kaoyi", "Liji" has "Compilation", "Zhou Li" has "Examination Notes", "History Judgment" and "Policy Essentials" in the history of the dynasties, and miscellaneous works include "Qiyan", "Compilation of Training", "Class Training", "Song Theory" and "Song Theory" Sougu Collection", "Ge Monography", "Spring and Autumn Cong Theory", poems, fu, notes, prefaces, inscriptions, and inscriptions have "Shimen Collection". The four classics of "Yi", "Poems", "Books" and "Spring and Autumn" are many sayings, and the "Outline Guide" and "Shijian" are also widely used. The provincial chronicle said that Mr. Zhi's works are more than 1,000 volumes. "Mr. Shimen's self-statement and the order of the famous minister of the country show that Liang Yin is worthy of being a scholar who has made significant academic contributions to the country.
The most important Liang Yin is a person who educates talents for the country. It is not easy to obtain a teacher, and it is even more difficult to find a teacher. Liang Yin paid special attention to the character cultivation of his disciples. I found a piece of "Baoyi Zhai Ji" written by Liang Yin in the "Xiacun Yinfeng Wu Clan Genealogy" in my hometown Jinshi Village. In the article, Liang Yin emphasized that gold and silver jewelry should not be used as treasures, but should be treasured by reading, self-cultivation, and cultivation of sentiment. "Aspiring to the art and culture of the same room and hiding and cultivating in it", "I am dying and concentrating, the left picture and the right book, the front proverbs and the back rules, the eyes and treasures, the heart and treasures, the joy of my heart is also the joy of foreign things." He who is the treasure of the world will prosper and take it. I nurture my nature with my treasure, sex in the heart, practice in the body, and take it? If the treasure is, although it is rich in ten thousand bells and expensive in five dings, I will not be easy. Zi Liang received "Spring and Autumn" from me, and when not in use, it is a learning to be used, and it is his habit of art that knows the book. When Liang Yin then examined the internal causes of the Yinfeng Wu clan's Kodi hairpins that were rare in other ethnic groups, he firmly believed: "The strange beauty of mountains and rivers is not an accident for people!" "The reason is mainly the result of Yinfeng's descendants being able to dun etiquette, thick customs, sexual loyalty, good literature, and attaching importance to their own character cultivation. He emphasized that "the pole of ceremonial standing is the cardinal of customs." (Liang Yin, "Yinfeng Wu Clan Genealogy")
Cultivating people with virtue is the eternal theme of Liang Yin's school. The "History of Ming" records that a young man in Xinyulinxian County had just become an official and came to ask Liang Yin for advice on how to become an official. Liang Yin instructed him to remember "the three characters of purity, prudence, and diligence, and official residence". His people also asked the king of Tiande about the way. Liang Yin smiled and said: "Words and deeds, deeds are respectful, and Tiande is also; Do not hurt money, do not harm the people, and the king is also a king. When that person heard it, he felt that what Liang Yin said was just a cliché, and there was nothing to be alert to. Later, the man was discredited by misconduct. He regretted saying to others, "I will never see Mr. Shimen again!" "The way of the king of Tiande is the foundation of man, and prudence and diligence are the key to officials. To do things for people, we must be knowledgeable and courteous, cultivate morality and dedication. Paying attention to the way of the Heavenly Virtue King and the cultivation of character is the primary criterion for Liang Yinli to live in the world, and it is also the value orientation of his opening and teaching of apprentices. As Yu Shiying, a ceremonial officer of Shijin Shi, praised Liang Yin: "The practice is enough to teach the world, and the style is enough to be honest and stubborn." Out of the rule to make the ritual to show the world, and the place to establish the system to open to learn. The true Confucianism of sincerity and prosperity is the prophet of the world. ("Liang Clan Genealogy, Yin Gong Portrait Zan")
Shimen lectures, and friends come like clouds. Shimen Academy has cultivated a large number of talents with excellent character and learning. Liao Zhiqian, Yan Hexian, Wu Fushan of Ruoshui, Zhou Congshan of Jishui, etc., are all his high feet. For example, Xi Shangyong of Ouli Township, Wu Youzhen, Zhongji, and Qian Yuanyuan of Yubei, Wu Yunju, Fu Jiliang, and Meng Dong of his fellow villagers, Li Chongzhan, Chongwang, and Yuanhui of Qingjiang, and Lu Likui of Gao'an, are all famous disciples. Liang Yin's eldest son, Liang Mintong, studied poetry from the Zhu clan, and became a recitation after three times, and went to Gutianzhi County, and was known for his incorruptibility. Of course, among Liang Yin's many accomplished disciples, the most famous of them were Jin Youzi, Huang Zicheng, and Lian Zining.
Jin Youzi (1366-1431), a scholar in the second year of Jianwen, was taught to the Ministry of Justice. Chengzu ascended the throne, changed Hanlin review, and was equal to Xie Jin's Zhiwen Yuan Pavilion, moved to serve and lecture, and gave lectures for the prince. Emperor Renzong ascended the throne, and he was a member of the Bunyuankaku University. Soon, Prince Jia, Shaobao, was also a scholar of Wuyingdian University. In the first year of Hong Xi (1425), he entered the Ministry of Rites and became a scholar. After Emperor Xuanzong ascended the throne, he revised the records of the Yongle and Hongxi dynasties and served as the chief official. He was a man of integrity and dared to speak out. The "History of Ming" records that he accompanied Emperor Xuanzong on a patrol and crossed Jiming Mountain. The emperor said: "Emperor Taizong of Tang took advantage of his heroic martial arts and tasted this mountain in Liao. Youzi said: "Emperor Taizong repented of this battle, so he built a loyal pavilion." "Emperor Yu: "This landslide was fought by Emperor Yuanshun, for the death of Yuan." Answer: "The lord of the Shun Emperor and the country, although the mountain does not collapse, the country will also die." "Jin Yan is quite courtier. When Jin Youzi was dying, "The family asked for grace behind him, but did not listen, saying: 'This gentleman is also ashamed!'" He, like Mr. Shimen, is a model of words and deeds. In the "Preface to Sending Wang Yan Xiu to Sichuan", he encouraged his friends to "do not say anything in order to get his position, but do not do what he says, and harm the government and the people if he does it. Yan Xiu is still reluctant! ”
Huang Zicheng (1360-1402), the first in the eighteenth year of Hongwu's examination, was edited and trained by editors, accompanied by the East Palace, and later promoted to the rank of secretary of the Taichang Temple. As a minister of the imperial court, Huang Zicheng took the consolidation of the central dynasty as his own responsibility, advocated the reduction of the domain, attacked the kings, and was brutally killed in the "Battle of Jingyan", and even ten tribes, the young head of the Huang family was executed, and his surname was implicated in 54 deaths. In the sixth year of Zhengde, Huang Zicheng entered the "Famous Eunuch Xiangxian Temple" in Yuanzhou Mansion. When Wanli came to the throne, he issued an edict to "praise the loyal soul and encourage the courtiers", and the local officials of Jiangxi built the "Great Festival Temple" in the provincial capital to pay homage to 15 people including Huang Zideng, a Jiangxi official who was killed in the middle of the afternoon. Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty called him "loyal."
Lian Zining (1350-1402), Hongwu 18th year trial to be promoted to the second place of the first rank, awarded Hanlin Xiu, later the deputy capital of the imperial history, the Ministry of Works Shilang. In the early years of Jianwen, Lian Zining changed to Zuo Shilang, and later moved to Yushi Dafu. In the fourth year of Jianwen, King Yan attacked Nanjing, so he tied Lian Zining to the upper dynasty, and Lian Zining was awe-inspiring, denouncing King Yan for usurping power and seeking the throne, and rebelling. King Yan became angry and ordered someone to cut off Lian Zining's tongue. King Yan said, "I want to follow the example of Duke Zhou and become king." When Zi Ning heard this, he dipped his tongue in blood with his hand in his mouth, and wrote a big book on the temple tile: "King Cheng is here!" "King Yan was furious, killed 151 members of the Lian clan, 371 relatives were besieged, and 480 families in Lian Zining's hometown suffered a terrible disaster, and none of them were spared. Li Mengyang, deputy envoy of Jiangxi Tixue, built the "Jinchuan Academy" in memory of Lian Zining and wrote the "Notes on Haoran Hall". In the early years of Hongguang, he posthumously gifted Lianzi Ning Taibao and Du Yushi, and was loyal. The Qing Dynasty was loyal to Su.
Jin Youzi, generous and generous, self-respecting, affectionate with Enlong, supported the three servants, and was a good minister of the Great Ming Dynasty. Huang Zicheng and Lian Zining, loyal to Jianwen, fierce and unyielding, killing and exterminating the clan, for a generation of loyal ministers.
As a great educator, Liang Yin cultivated the pillars of the world, built the world's honor, and won the honor of the world. In particular, his moral sentiments of "not seeking to be heard" and "not caring for the poor, and not serving the rich" won him long-standing praise from the government and the public. Located in Liang Yin's hometown, the Fuzi Hall is an ancestral hall built by the emperor's edict in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, with a construction area of more than 600 square meters. After Jin Youzi entered the cabinet to worship the prime minister, he wrote a plaque on the "Fuzitang" and wrote: "Near Zhu Cheng continues to open up the past and cheer up the characters of the two dynasties; Emperor Yuanzong Kong Mengcheng first and then maintained the Baidai Sven. Huang Zicheng wrote: "Apply for the appointment of Cheng'en I Shenghua Zhao Sun and Moon, and set up a speech to pay tribute to the 10,000-year dictionary Zhen Qiankun." The two disciples accurately summarize Liang Yin's life achievements and academic contributions. The Confucius Hall was repaired in the third year of the Ming Dynasty (1569) and the seventh year of the Qianlong Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty (1742). The creation and repair of the Confucius Hall was an act of monarchical consciousness and imperial power, reflecting Liang Yin's status and influence in the Ming and Qing dynasties.
Xinyu has had a tradition of Chongwen and religion since ancient times. Dr. Guozi Shi Guangji recorded in "The Behavior of Mr. Mengjing in Shimen", "Mr. was buried in the plain of the pearl pile in Chongjiao Township on December 24, the 22nd year of Hongwu." The naming of Liang Yin's hometown "Chongjiao Township" reflects the Ming Dynasty
The official promotion and praise of local respect for teachers and teachings is also a continuation of Liang Yin's ritual law, including the establishment of shrine sacrifices. Liang Yin founded a number of schools and academies, the most famous of which were Fengtai Academy and Shimen Academy. In order to continue the cultural context of Shimen and carry forward the brand of "Chongjiao", in recent years, the relevant local governments of Xinyu City have increased their support for Liang Yin's ideological and cultural research, funded the publication of a number of Liang Yin academic research monographs, and planned to rebuild Shimen Academy, restore Liang Yin's hometown, set up the Liang Yin Education Fund, and meticulously handle suggestions and proposals involving Liang Yin. Dr. Pei Ming, a villager living overseas, also set up the "Pei Ming Scholarship" at his alma mater, Xiacun Middle School. "The important place of science and education" has become another beautiful cultural business card in Xinyu City, Jiangxi Province.