In July of the first year, at the beginning of Yuan Chonghuan's tenure, the platform was summoned to the right place, and he said very clearly in his message to Chongzhen: "... There are many things that can be shocked and suspicious in the army, since you put me in charge of recovering Liaodong, then the emperor, you must do "do not hold the elbow of the courtiers, do not use opinions to confuse the plots of the courtiers!" "In the past, during the Warring States period, Wei Wenhou appointed Le Yang to attack Zhongshan State, besieging the city for a long time, and the dynasty continued to slander, slander, and slander Le Yang, although "slandering the book was full of books", but Wei Wenhou was not moved, and finally achieved great success! The way to defeat and attack is that "only with the Lord of perseverance inside can things be achieved outside", inside and outside are strong, pure qi is guarded, trust is always, evil parties are not in vain, strong enemies are incapable of attacking! ......”
Yuan Chonghuan said bitterly to Chongzhen, Chongzhen was full of promises at that time, but he forgot with his claws!
In September, Chongzhen decreed: use border police to prevent Yuan Chonghuan, the superintendent of hearing outside the customs; Guanxi Gubei, Xifeng and other Fuchen Wang Yingfeng strictly supervised the three Xie Dao generals and other officials, divided the land to control the strangle, and took the merit of not entering the horse; (Jiliao) Governor Yu Anzhi temporarily lived and closed the door, and the east and west responded, and he believed in Shaoping, that is, he returned the town of Mi (Yun)!
(Sanxie refers to the eastern, central and western three associations of Jixhen, a total of 12 roads)
Chongzhen was clever, playing what kind of "leadership art" and decentralization, and since then, the Jiliao front has been carried by "three monks to drink", laying the root cause for future changes!
Immediately afterwards, in July and September of the first year, due to long-term unpaid wages in various places in Jiubian, Jizhen, Ningyuan, and Jinzhou soldiers mutinied one after another, Chongzhen was angry, and listened to Zhou Yanru's crooked idea, "The soldiers mutinies are all incompetent border generals, the Tang Dynasty Zhang Xun was trapped for several months, there was no food in the city, and the soldiers were all "digging rats" (catching sparrows, digging mice), why didn't they mutiny?" "Therefore, he ordered that redundant troops and salaries be cut everywhere.
In January, February, and March of the second year, due to the long-term arrears and underpayment of soldiers' salaries in Jizhen, coupled with the fact that Inspector Wang Yingfeng took advantage of the opportunity of "cutting troops and reducing salaries" to blackmail all the generals, each of them would further detain the soldiers, causing a mutiny, Wang Yingfeng saw that the matter was making a big fuss, and actually wanted to poison and kill the soldiers, but it was discovered, and Zunhua was completely in chaos!
The imperial court had to arrest Wang Yingfeng and Yu Anxi for questioning! He then sent Wang Yuanya to succeed him as the governor of Shuntian, and Liu Ce as the governor of Jiliao.
In order to complete Chongzhen's task target of reducing troops and salaries, Wang Yuanya, who had just taken office, continued to cut troops and salaries, cutting 30,000 new troops! When Yuan Chonghuan learned about this, he knew that this matter was inappropriate, Jizhen was already weak in defense, how could he cut so much at once?! To cut troops, you also have to think about cutting well, cut what you can, and don't cut blindly if you can't! So he went to Shu Chongzhen twice in a row, reminding him of the danger of Thistle Town! Chongzhen doesn't listen! In desperation, after discussing with the second department of household and soldiers, Yuan Chonghuan expressed his willingness to take over the 12,000 retrenched recruits and place them in Shanhaiguan in case of future reinforcements in Jizhen, Wang Yuanya himself was only willing to accept 8,000 recruits, so far, there are still 10,000 retrenched recruits who have nowhere to resettle, and are still stranded in Zunhua, laying a "time bomb" for the change of Jiwei in the near future!
After Chongzhen came to power, in addition to cutting troops and salaries, there were also tailoring rewards and cutting stations, in short, waving a big knife, and the operation was as fierce as a tiger...
Since the rise of Later Jin, in order to focus on dealing with the Jurchens, the Ming Dynasty adopted a policy of "Fuxi to resist the Eastern Slaves", and the Western Empire, that is, the eastern Mongolian ministries (including the Chahar, Horqin, Nekhalkha, Harasan (Doyan) 36 ministries, etc.), adopted the method of appeasing Mongolia and mutual market to maintain a fragile "anti-gold united front", and with the change of the situation, by October of the seventh year of the apocalypse, Chahar, which was originally outside the eastern border of Liao, began to move west, clashing with various ministries along the way, at this time, Horqin and Nekhalkha had successively returned to Houjin , resulting in a defensive void in Liaodong, clearing the way for Houjin's march into Mongolia, at this time, outside the Daming border, only Harasan (Duoyan) outside Jixin Town and Chahar and Tumut outside Xuan and Dabian, because in May of the first year of Chongzhen, Chahar asked the Ming Dynasty for a reward, triggering the "Xinpingbao Incident", in July, Chongzhen was angry, and the rewarding to all Mongolian ministries was stopped!
In July, as soon as Yuan Chonghuan took office, he recommended Wang Xiangqian as the governor of Xuanda, responsible for appeasing Mongolian affairs, and doing his best to save the "Ming-Mongolian anti-gold united front" that was on the verge of collapse.
During the great famine outside Cyprus (during the Xiaoice River period, not only Daming was affected, but all parties were the same), Harasan (Duoyan) had no food, and asked Yuan Chonghuan for help, in order to stabilize Harasan and prevent it from throwing into Houjin, Yuan Chonghuan opened the market in Gaotai Fort.
Harasan (Duoyan) lived outside the border of Jixin Town, the world was rewarded by the Ming Dynasty, originally a foreign domain of the Ming Dynasty, and its leader Subu Di attacked the "Doyandu Commanding Envoy", which is the northern border and outer domain of the Daming Jingshi Division, known as the "flesh side wall", at this time, due to the internal and external pressure on Harasan himself, it is a critical period of rebellion, in order to hold Harasan down, Yuan Chonghuan adopted the method of exchanging grain and rice for firewood to help Harasan survive the famine.
Don't want to, Chongzhen listened to the floating rumors and sent a nerd Hanlin Chen Renxi to Liaodong, Chen Renxi neither investigated on the spot nor personally investigated, only listened to the blind persecution of two martial artists, ran back to report Chongzhen, Chongzhen was furious, and ordered to stop the mutual market! This article later became a crime against Yuan Chonghuan!
At the beginning, Yuan Chonghuan had already told Chongzhen, "Don't listen to those scholars, do they understand the situation or the front line understand the situation?" Let you not listen to superficial words, do not hold your subordinates, and do not use opinions to confuse your courtiers! Your mother's promise is good, but as soon as it turns out to be practical, you will be all on the ears and command blindly! ”
Yuan Chonghuan then pleaded: "... Now Harasan is hungry, and if he has no way to live, he will be killed immediately, but Harasan is willing to sit and wait for death? Even if you are hungry, but you are empty? If it is not empty, there is no need to complain and drive it to the East Slave! It is better to make virtue and save a few kinds of things outside, and he will be invaded, and I will borrow it as a fence. Fu Liao has been able to resist the Eastern Slaves, but the Jimen Lingjing is on his shoulders, and the troops are not increased, in case Hara Shen is a guide, and the slaves are invaded, there will be unknowables! ”
As a result, Chongzhen did not listen, and completely pushed Harashen to Houjin's chariot, Yuan Chonghuan knew that the situation was critical, and connected two more tricks, suggesting that Chongzhen strengthen the defense of Jizhen, Chongzhen was cutting troops and salaries, and did not listen!
The original "don't hold your subordinates and don't mess with your subordinates" has all been nullified, and at this point, almost all of Yuan Chonghuan's major strategic deployments have been disrupted!
In addition to the reduction of troops, salaries, and rewards, in April of the second year, Chongzhen cut the post station again, Li Zicheng was laid off, and Chongzhen's mine-laying operation was basically completed.
In September of the following year, Yuan Chonghuan detected that Houjin was crossing the river, and immediately sent Xie Shangzheng to lead troops to reinforce Zunhua. The "thunder" of cutting troops and salaries began to detonate, Shuntian Inspector Wang Yuanya just patted Chongzhen's chest and cut recruits, there are still 10,000 soldiers in Zunhua City who can't be placed, how can you let the Liaodong people come to reinforce me?! Isn't this hitting yourself in the face?! Absolutely not! Therefore, Wang Yuanya refused to let the Liao soldiers enter the aid on the grounds of "false police" and sent them back! We don't have enough food here!
The result was very soon, the fateful one really came, and at the end of October, the Houjin army converged with the Mongol forces, and under the leadership of Harasan Bur Katutaiji, detoured through Mongolia and easily entered the Cyprus. Zhao Guoyan, the general soldier stationed in Shanhaiguan, led 4,000 cavalry to aid Jixun, but because of the same reason, Zhu Guoyan, the commander-in-chief of Jixun Town stationed in Santunying, refused to let Zhao lead teach to enter the city, and Zhao led the sect to rush to Zunhua, fought fiercely with the Houjin army on the road, and was martyred; After the Jin army soldiers came to Zunhua, the thunder planted by Chongzhen began to detonate! The city was chaotic by the new army, a fire set fire to Zunhua City, Wang Yuanya committed suicide, and Houjin easily took Zunhua! After the Jin army came to the Santun camp, the deputy general surrendered in Kaecheng, and Houjin was almost bloodless...
The following things, everyone is basically clear, the change of their own life, the defense of the capital, Yuan Chonghuan went to prison, Chongzhen was in a panic, transferred soldiers and horses from all over the world to the king of Jingqin, Yansui reinforcements entered the army, due to arrears of pay and lack of food, mutinied on the road, the soldiers fled, Zhang Xianzhong joined the peasant army...
The buried thunder detonated one by one, and since then, the Daming Dynasty has been doomed!
An operation is as fierce as a tiger, looking back at two hundred and five! This is Chongzhen's divine operation from the beginning to the end of the second year!
Is Yuan Chonghuan's "five-year restoration" a big deal?
"Platform Summoning" is one of the most important events involving "how to evaluate Yuan Chonghuan", but unfortunately, this is also one of the places where people in the world have the deepest misunderstanding of Yuan Chonghuan!
A widely circulated saying is: On the day of the platform summoning, the emperor asked Yuan Chonghuan for his strategy, and Yuan Chonghuan replied, "Five years, all Liao can be restored." Di Xi, suitable for less rest, Xu Yuqing in the military department asked Yuan Chonghuan, "How can I restore Liao in five years?" Yuan Chonghuan replied: "Talk about comforting the ear", that is, the so-called "Yuan Chonghuan is right".
However, as long as we carefully examine the available historical data, it is not difficult to find that this is an outright lie! Rumor! A story that's downright made up! Why do you say that? The reasons are as follows:
First, "five-year revival of Liao" is not Yuan Chonghuan's casual words in order to make Chongzhen happy, or a big word that is open to the river! Because historical data show that Yuan Chonghuan has already made plans about the recovery of Liao in a few years, he has always been serious about this issue, and he has not only said such things in one place and at a time, but also always said consistently.
Initially, as early as May of the seventh year of the Apocalypse, when Yuan Chonghuan was the governor of Liaodong, he gave the Emperor of the Apocalypse "Chen Zhan Shoushu", and for the first time in the recital, he clearly put forward "Guard is right, war is strange, and money is aside; With reality and not falsehood, with gradual and not abrupt", and clearly said: "...from now on, and plow, and build, and forward, and come and fight, I sit and win; If he can't come, he sits and sleeps. Four years before and after, you can win! In other words, under the situation at that time, with this strategy of leveling Liao, he could return to Liao in four years! The full text of "Chen Zhan Shoushu" is more than 1,000 words, and the discussion is detailed, which is a complete strategic concept proposed by Yuan Chonghuan to the Emperor of the Apocalypse after careful consideration, and it is by no means a child's play!
One year and two months later, that is, the platform call in July of the first year of Chongzhen, Yuan Chonghuan proposed "five years to restore Liao", which is Yuan Chonghuan after more than a year of thinking, the answer given again, one year more than the original four years, but if you have normal thinking, do you still think that this is Yuan Chonghuan in order to make Chongzhen happy?
And within ten days after the platform summoned, Yuan Chonghuan sent five more letters to the Chongzhen Emperor, respectively elaborating on his specific measures to the Chongzhen Emperor from many aspects such as "Pingliao Strategy", "Preventing Rumors", "Personnel Arrangement", "Military Deployment", "Financial Arrangement" and other aspects. At that time, it will not work, and the ministers will kill three people, and they will die in defeat! "Yuan Chonghuan once again decided to the emperor that if Liao could not be restored in five years, he would first kill Zu Dashou and the other three, and then kill himself! With such determination, do you still think that the "five-year revival of Liao" is something that Yuan Chonghuan is playing with?
In the turn of the year, in June of the second year of Chongzhen, after Yuan Chonghuan corrected Mao Wenlong's law, he wrote to the Chongzhen Emperor "Xi Yan Treats Crimes and Listen to the Holy Judgment", and said to Chongzhen again, "...the minister now curses Wenlong, with the suppression of military government, and there are those who are like Wenlong among the town generals, and they are also condemned by law!" Ministers can't be slaves for five years, and ask the emperor to also accuse the courtiers of the dragon! Regardless of whether the killing of Mao Wenlong is reasonable and legal (this book will give a clear statement in the following chapters), in terms of "five years of restoration", Yuan Chonghuan has always been serious and serious, and has always been strictly implemented step by step according to this strategy, and there has never been a child's play!
The phrase "rambling, consolation" is illogical, unreasonable, unfactual, and purely rumored!
Second, then, where does the phrase "talk about comfort" come from? Tracing back to the origin, this statement originally came from a Southern Ming Ye history "Little Knowledge of the Emperor of Lie" written by Wen Bing, and most of the Qing Xiu histories more than a hundred years later copied this book, and there is no record of this statement in other existing late Ming documents. The Southern Ming Dynasty was a special historical period, and there were many records of forging false histories to slander Yuan Chonghuan in order to save Chongzhen's honor. The records originating from the Southern Ming Dynasty are questionable and should be regarded as pseudo-history.
In fact, from the existing historical materials of the late Ming Dynasty, there is a clear record of the "percussion of five years to restore Liao", but the person who knocked on Yuan Chonghuan was not Xu Yuqing in the matter of the military department, nor did it happen on the platform summoning, the "percussion" incident occurred in May of the second year of Chongzhen, Yunnan Dao Yushi Mao Yujian on the "Five Questions Supervisor Fuliao Strategy Inscription", Mao Yujian was full of joy, thousands of words, from five aspects of detailed questioning Yuan Chonghuan Ping Liao's strategy, and Yuan Chonghuan also immediately made a detailed reply to this omission, that is, " It was agreed that the paintings to be restored would be restored to the questions of Taiwanese ministers", both of which are extant and longer for readers to consult for themselves. From Yuan Chonghuan's answers, we can once again clearly see that Yuan Chonghuan has always been serious about the "five-year restoration"; in the answers, Yuan Chonghuan gave detailed answers from various aspects such as "military strategy", "military system", "logistics support", "army route", and "aftermath".
In addition, after Yuan Chonghuan was imprisoned in December of the second year of Chongzhen, it was precisely because Mao Yujian had this "five questions" that he was angered and punished by the Chongzhen Emperor.
From all kinds of literature, as long as we carefully discuss and argue, it is not difficult to see that the so-called "platform summons right, Yuan Chonghuan five-year manga right" is completely false!
After arguing that the "platform manga" is not valid, the second question that needs to be clarified in this article is, is Yuan Chonghuan's "five-year restoration" strategy "bragging" or making big talk?
The kid's answer is: absolutely not! "Five-year restoration of Liao" is a truly feasible and solid and correct plan, but it is a pity that the Ming Dynasty and Chongzhen self-destroyed the Great Wall, and they were not blessed.
First of all, let's take a look at the day of the "platform call", Yuan Chonghuan stated the strategy, proposed "five-year recovery of Liao", but let's not forget that this "five-year recovery of Liao" goal has prerequisites, that is, Yuan Chonghuan's "false cheap power", as well as money and food, personnel appointment and dismissal, equipment bow armor and other aspects of comprehensive support, especially important is "do not hold the elbow, do not mess with the courtiers, trust always!" "Chongzhen promised in court, what can happen later, what do we see? That's just another beautiful word Chongzhen said, and the reason why it is "again" is because Chongzhen has said a lot of beautiful words like this.
Many people who do not know the details of history, when knowing a complex historical figure, always involuntarily because of a beautiful sentence, a slogan, or a particularly beautiful conclusion or statement, will have a one-sided, wrong understanding, and even worship due to a certain emotional resonance for a while, which is actually an extremely sad thing... In order to truly understand a person, we must not only "listen to his words", but also "watch his deeds", only in this way can we recognize the true face of a person. So, we listened to Chongzhen's "words", and let's see what he did?
First, when the platform was summoned, Chongzhen agreed to Yuan Chonghuan's request, but in the following year and five months (from Yuan Chonghuan's arrival - to prison), in addition to strong support at the beginning (such as agreeing to Yuan Chonghuan's proposal to no longer set up Liaodong Governor and Denglai Governor), Chongzhen almost did not fulfill all the original promises, such as "money and grain", since Yuan Chonghuan came to office, the problem of food and pay in Jiliao has never been really solved, and the two monarchs have spoken several times from this, and even from love to hatred, and deep resentment, In May of the second year of Chongzhen, in Yuan Chonghuan's "Trial of Border Love Early Drawing to Win the Title Book", for the issue of money and grain, Yuan Chonghuan returned to Chongzhen for the first time at length (although not directly and positively), and then Chongzhen launched a targeted campaign of "learning from the hero Zhang Xun of the Great Tang Dynasty", and we can already clearly see that long before the "Shuangdao beheading the marshal", in fact, the two monarchs were already full of contradictions and accumulated deep grievances;
In addition to not fulfilling his original promises, what is more serious is that Chongzhen vetoed almost all of Yuan Chonghuan's major strategic decisions (such as appreciating Mongolia, reorganizing the army of Jimiyong, grain and pay in the Dongjiang River, and strengthening the defense of Jixhen). You can imagine that your boss has assigned you a major project and agreed to all the conditions, but he really did it, nothing, and pointed fingers and directs, so do you think there is still a drama in this project? In the end, you will be dumped and killed by the boss, which is a high probability event.
However, under these unfavorable conditions, Yuan Chonghuan took one step at a time, and in less than a year and a half, completed the recovery of Jinzhou and the lost lands such as Xingshan, Tashan, Gaoqiao, and Youtun (the former Wang Zhichen lost it in May of the first year), and initially created a "Guanning Iron Horse" that could compete with the Later Jinbaqi Field Front, and also actively reorganized the armament war to advance the front line to the front line of Guangning... Unfortunately, everything came to an abrupt end because of the "change of self"! From Yuan Chonghuan's achievements in one and a half years, we have reason to believe that if he is really given five years, five years of revival is not an illusion, and the person who said empty words and did not believe in words is precisely Chongzhen himself, who is rigid and capricious!