How did the Mongol cavalry become a nightmare for Europeans?
Mongol cavalry
The Mongol Empire swept across half of Europe and incorporated the entire Rus region into its territory. Even European elites such as the Teutonic Knights and the Crusaders, who were known as the strongest in Europe, failed to stop the Mongols' westward expedition. But they were eventually returned to the east by an accident.
The reason why Mongolia was able to sweep Europe is because Mongolia is not even a serious country, but a small team of smashing and robbing without martial virtue.
How did Mongolia's second western expedition become the big brother of that era?
The Second Western Expedition is also known as the Eldest Son's Western Expedition, and Genghis Khan's four grandsons secretly staged a Game of Thrones.
In 1227 AD, Genghis Khan, a generation of Tianjiao, died at the age of 66. After the death of Genghis Khan, his third son Wo Kuotai inherited the throne, and as a super rich second generation, spending money is naturally the most skilled skill.
Soon Wo Kuotai spent the money his father robbed, what to do? Then continue to grab, the second western expedition officially begins.
Why is it called the eldest son's march to the west? This is to talk about the unique succession logic of the Mongols, our Central Plains civilization pays attention to the father's final succession. Just like the silly son of a landlord, your family has a stable financial income. Ten thousand acres of good land, just collecting rent is enough to feed you, and the bureaucratic system cultivated by your predecessors. The housekeeper maid Mr. Account, when the landlord dies, the family property cannot be inherited by the neighbors.
The steppe is different, and income mainly depends on robbery.
Just like your boss is the fishery street to carry the son Haonan, Haonan hangs, you will definitely not follow Haonan's son to fight the world, the younger brothers will definitely turn to the mountain chicken in a blink of an eye, this is the thinking logic of the Mongolians.
If you want others to follow you, you naturally have to be able to fight, and you have to brush military merit.
As a result, Europe was obviously a good place to brush military merit, so Mongolia officially debuted. Genghis Khan's eldest son's son Badu, the second son's son Baitar, the third son's eldest son Guiyu, the fourth son's eldest son Meng Ge, Genghis Khan's founding elder Su Butai personally took the princes to brush experience.
You think that people are going to fight Europe, but in fact, they are going to fight for the throne, and it is convenient to destroy Europe.
In the autumn of 1236, tens of thousands of Mongol troops came to the banks of the Volga River and used the Han craftsmen they had come to build bridges to cross the river. Easily took the city of Briar, Genghis Khan's bloodline is still strong, the three generations of royal grandchildren are not weak, each led his own people, and the powder soldiers burned and looted all the way, as if playing a hunting competition.
Look at the bad intentions of the Mongol army, the Mongol army met in the Duke of Yeliezan, and the Mongols said that if you pay taxes every year, I will not beat you, and if you do not pay, you will slaughter the city.
Don't you say it's not a robber? It's like collecting protection fees in Hong Kong films. After the boss did not work for a day, the Mongol army broke through and all the princes died in battle.
The Mongol army that fought without giving money, and saw the Vladimir principality in the Russian region, the Grand Duke Vladimir was not willing to pay, the prince Badu took the lead in leaving the station, and attacked Moscow with a bang, the prince Meng Ge thought that I can't lose ah, led his troops all the way to Vladimir City, the capital of the Vladimir state.
This Meng Ge is the Anda of Guo Jing in "The Legend of the Condor Heroes", the son of Tuo Lei, Meng Ge is very bad, he let the Russians capture in front as a human shield, and captured the city of Vladimir in 4 days, Grand Duke Vladimir took advantage of the chaos to escape, went to ask other principalities for help, and finally gathered his Russian coalition forces to fight the Mongol army to the death on the bank of the Sidi River.
The 61-year-old veteran did not support the regiment, and in the early morning cavalry with white frost on their armor sneaked up on the coalition army, and the Mongol army was victorious.
Thus began two centuries of Mongol rule over Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.
If the enemy is willing to pay, what will be the result?
Huang Ziguiyou and Huang Zimeng Ge entered the country of Azov all the way, and the Azov people surrendered in Kaecheng. For such those who are willing to pay, the state still manages it itself.
In 1239, when the Mongol army captured the city of Kiev, the birthplace of the Russian region, Huang Zibadu named Yaroslav II as Grand Duke of Kiev and became the spokesman of the Mongols. This descendant of Yaroslav founded the Muscovite principality.
With the support of the Mongols, it grew and developed into what would become Russia. In 1241, the Mongols attacked Poland, and the Polish king fled with his family. Although the Polish boss was a little stubborn, his vassal state Fucylesia had a hard bone, waiting for Henry II.
In the face of a strong enemy, he gathered 80,000 European coalition troops, intending to fight the Mongols to the death. Eighty thousand coalition troops were armed to the point that they were so poor that they went into battle shirtless. Inside were Germanic crusaders, Teutonic knights, even miners and a large number of peasants, and on April 9, after praying in the early morning and kissing their wives and children goodbye, they bravely set out on the march.
The Mongols made another trick, and the dog's head technique was staged again at this time. First lead the enemy knights into the encirclement, and the slow infantry behind the knights have become lambs to be slaughtered in the eyes of the Mongols, and courage is worthless in front of this.
Compared with the frontal hard steel of the Europeans, the tactics of the Mongol army can be called three-dimensional. As an Asian, the Mongol army must have heard of a grandson who said, soldiers, sophistry.
The Second Western Expedition ushered in the final battle, after the Mongol army attacked Czech Austria, the army gathered in Hungary, and King Béla IV of Hungary sent people armed with swords to give the Holy Roman Empire and the rulers of Western Europe the highest warning.
Ignoring him, Béla IV had to lead an army of 100,000 to meet the enemy alone on the banks of the Danube, and this stop the Mongols killed 70,000 Hungarian troops and composed a gorgeous red Danube with bows and arrows.
The Holy Roman Empire can be regarded as knowing that it is afraid, while asking for help like England and France, while frantically strengthening the city walls, but an accident happened at this time.
News came from the Mongolian headquarters that the Great Khan was seriously ill. The name of this western expedition is called the eldest son Xizheng, and the princes who are qualified to inherit the throne of the khan are all in the team of the western expedition.
Prince Meng Ge and Guiyou immediately returned to the city, and Prince Badu reacted a little slowly and slowly. Halfway Sheng heard that the empress planned to support the prince Guiyou to inherit the throne, so she simply did not go back, took care of herself as king on the bank of the Volga River, established the Golden Horde of Korea, and Mongolia's second western expedition ended.
How can the Mongol army be so fierce, you say?
The Mongolian army is strong, it has been conquering the west for more than 50 years, destroying more than 40 countries, and the opponent's resource territory is not bad, you Mongolia has horses and others have it, and those tactical opponents in Mongolia who have eaten for 50 years should also grow wise.
In fact, Mongolia is strong for political reasons. Uncomplicated, very practical, the period of Mongolia's rise coincided with a period of weakness in the world, which belonged to peers.
Infighting was the main theme of the countries of that period, Russia and Poland were Arabs and the Jin dynasty was also. Even the mother and son of Hua Lazi Country were fighting, and all of them were taken away by a wave in the infighting.
These countries were facing internal crises at that time, and the Mongol Empire did not have so many problems, because it was not so much like a country at all, more like an army, a war machine.
What urban planning, population development, economic governance, people do not consider people's finances at all are extremely rough - loot.
The only thing to consider is how to grab more, faster and easier. And the loot is in front of you, and the money is directly divided after grabbing it.
Mongolia dares to use 100% of its national strength to escalate the battle, which other country dares to do so? Then you are not right, after beating down so many places, won't Mongolia also have to be governed in the future?
Mongolia's governance method is very simple, slaughter, for those who disobey, kill when they should, and sell what can be sold to save trouble. For the obedient city or you are in charge, I will also be idle, and I will have to pay the premium on time in the future.
There is also a system of supporting war with war, in addition to food and grass mainly relying on robbery, in addition to robbing money but also robbing people, the main force of Mongolia is the defeated army of various countries prisoners to form a signing army, the Mongolian soldiers let the prisoners as meat shields, the signing army as the vanguard, the Mongolian army is at most a supervising team, and finally go to rob people's heads. Prisoners and signatories made meritorious achievements, there was also room for promotion, and there was all kinds of official positions, land, money, and property.
Mongolia is not all cavalry, as more and more land is conquered, more and more craftsmen are harvested, what Jinguo, Western Xia, Song Dynasty, Russia, Muslims everywhere, in the early days rely on force and then the world to engage in technical exchanges, weapons and equipment are also first-class in the world.