"Idiots" are either geniuses or fools, and they must be one of the two.
Their brains are usually polarized, silly and ridiculous, smart and jaw-dropping.
In fact, this is a real kind of wisdom and foolishness, so if you think of an idiot as a fool, it is most likely yourself who will end up being fooled
Hello everyone, today I bring you the work "Idiot" by the Russian writer Dostoevsky.
As the "great interrogator of the human soul", Dostoevsky's idiot is certainly not a fool in the traditional sense.
He is an ideal figure who retains his sincerity like Don Quixote, and the author writes about him not to mock the idiot's unworldliness, but to praise the innocence of the idiot,
Imagine if a person is close to the age of establishment and does not understand affairs, the attitude of the mediocre people towards him is not understanding and respect, but slow treatment and contempt,
Simplicity and goodness cannot survive in the world, then this is by no means the unbearable of idiots, but the degeneration of the world
The protagonist, Duke Meishikin, is the "idiot" in the eyes of the world, he is a serious epileptic patient, and he has been suffering from this disease all his life.
In the early years, he was sent to Switzerland by his family for treatment for a long time, and in these years in Switzerland, the life of Duke Mesquim with limited mobility was not colorful, and most of the time, he read books and accompanied his children.
Perhaps this is the key to his realm ascension, the book gives Mei Shijin a window to see the society, and the code of conduct to walk the world, and children, is the most simple and most touching group in the world,
Therefore, the purity and immaculate nature of the Duke of Myskin is the heart of a child, and it is not contaminated by the world,
At this time, The Duke of Myshikin was a true "holy fool", often with an "abnormal" image to set off the humility of the people around him.
The trip to Switzerland improved the physical condition of Duke Myshikin and sublimated the spiritual realm of Duke Myshikin, enabling him to see human nature under the cover of innocence
After bidding farewell to Switzerland, The Duke of Myskin stepped on the train back to St. Petersburg, and although his condition had improved, the cold winter of his homeland gave him a chance to get off the horse.
Fortunately, on the train, he had the privilege of meeting a wealthy businessman with a bold personality, Luo Guoren, and in the other party's gushing emotional narrative, Mei Shijin was able to temporarily forget the physical pain and quickly arrive at his destination.
After Luo Guoren left, Mesquitein went straight to the residence of the general Yeltsin, which was the duke's only relative in St. Petersburg, and although the duke's attitude was a little cold, he received him according to etiquette.
After teaching the Duke's calligraphy and learning well, he added a little kindness to the Duke,
While they were talking, Yeltsin's aide-de-camp, Gallia, came in and brought a picture of Nastasia, and the general couldn't help but marvel when he saw it: What a good woman, you should not ask for it!
Gallia kept nodding her head, and then told Yeltsin in frustration that his parents and sister were strongly opposed to the marriage, and the general was displeased when he heard this:
Is it because she lived with Torzki that you disagreed?
Galia didn't say a word, and Meshkin leaned over and saw Nastaxia in the photo,
The beautiful face was embedded with a pair of melancholy eyes, and the duke was stunned, this woman he had seen, it was the admirer of the rich merchant Luo Guoren on the train,
From Rogoren's mouth, Duke Mesquim learned about Nastasha's origins:
Her family path suddenly changed when she was a teenager, and her parents both died, because her beautiful appearance was favored by the rich man Tociji, and she became the mistress of the other party in the country house.
Now, Tociki wants to get married and start a family, worried that Nastasia will get in the way of it, and wants to dump her on the grounds of marrying.
Moreover, Totsky found her a shameless villain who only valued her dowry money, Gallia
After some conversation, the general praised the duke's calligraphy and left, and Gallia struggled to write at his desk.
Before the Duke left the study, he politely asked Gallia for a picture of Nastasia, and Gallia mistakenly thought that the Duke wanted to use the photo as evidence, and moved his tongue in front of the general's wife, and without saying a word, he scolded him: idiot,
Mei Shijin was busy arguing with trepidation, not understanding where his behavior was worth the other party's anger, he carefully explained his true thoughts,
When Gallia heard this, he immediately turned to anger and asked the Duke to bring a letter for himself to Agvila, the general's second daughter,
The Duke then figured out that Gallia's favorite marriage partner was actually Agvila, but only if:
Agvila had to pay 100,000 rubles to Gallia as compensation for his future liberation from Nastasia
Agvila's hands trembled when she saw the letter, and she angrily demanded that the Duke of Mesquit return the letter to Gallia, and scolded Gallia for being a despicable and mercenary villain
The shrewdness of Rogoren, the power of Gallia, the annoyance of Agvila, and the irrelevant affairs of General Yeltsin are all seen by the Duke of Mesquit,
Everyone has their own calculations, including the Duke himself, who came to Gallia's residence to return the letter, just in time for the Gallia family to worry about the marriage,
At this time, Galia's sister Poliya pulled out another picture of Nastasia from her brother's room and handed it to her mother.
As soon as Gallia snatched it, he indiscriminately denounced the duke on the side, calling him an idiot and coming here to stir up right and wrong
Duke Meskin was once again wronged by Gallia, but he could not argue, he shook his head helplessly and planned to leave,
From the first moment he met Galia, he knew that the other party was a greedy and vengeful person, and the most effective way to deal with such a person was not to deal with the other party.
Indignant at the insult, the Duke took a step out of the drawing room, and suddenly he heard the rapid sound of the doorbell,
The Duke went to the door and opened it, and saw a beautiful woman walk in with the wind and snow, it was Nastaxia,
The Duke suddenly froze in place, looking at the woman in front of him who was also staring at herself with pride, and Nastasia took off her coat full of snowflakes and brought it to his hand, and Wan'er smiled:
What an idiot, go and report it
Gallia rushed over and received the titular rich fiancée Nastasia attentively, and solemnly introduced The Duke of Myskin, a distant relative of General Yeltsin
Nastasia burst out laughing, then apologetically apologized for her rash mistake of treating the Duke as a servant, and asked the Duke: Why don't you explain, the Duke does not mind answering:
When I saw you, I was stunned
Nastasia was slightly moved by the duke's sincerity and respect, but Gallia vaguely felt that the duke had a good feeling for his fiancée, so she was a little angry in her heart.
He looked at Duke Mei Shikin and was trying to euphemistically drive the other party away, when Luo Guoren came in with a huge group of servants.
In the midst of the noise, Gallia pretended to be elegant, and Luo Guoren was not accustomed to his melancholy posture,
He debunked the fact that Gallia had won five hundred roubles of his own in the casino, and ridiculed the fact that Galia was willing to lie on the ground for three roubles and go to school to climb the dog,
Gallia became angry, her face was red for a moment, and then white for a moment, so that she did everything in her power to fight back
On the side, Nastasia saw the farce she was staging in front of her, and she was very satisfied, and couldn't help but laugh.
She knew that men were selfish and greedy, and where was anyone who wanted to marry her sincerely?
Luo Guoren looked at Nastasia, who was laughing wildly, and said that she was willing to pay forty thousand rubles to marry her, and Nastasia narrowed her smile and looked at Luo Guoren playfully and said:
Totschi married me, but gave Gallia seventy-five thousand rubles
Luo Guoren stared at Nastasia's beautiful face, was silent for a while, and then held out ten fingers: I am out of 100,000
The Duke of Myskin, standing in the crowd, could not look at it any longer and denounced the crowd:
Don't you feel ashamed? Is Nastasia just a commodity, and you can ask for it at will
Galia's sister, Oria, also accused her brother of not driving out the woman who caused the dispute.
Galia just happened to be angry and had nowhere to go, and at this moment, seeing that his sister dared to rebel against himself, he did not say a word and wanted to slap it, and the duke really did not like Galia's shameful behavior, so he wanted to go forward to stop it.
Gallia then took the opportunity to burn his anger on the Duke's head, and with a strong slap on his hand, he slapped him hard and cursed:
You idiot, why are you interfering in my business?
Naturally, the Duke of Mesquitin did not expect that Galia had become so rough, and he suppressed the contempt in his heart and said to Galia coldly: You will regret it.
The hilarity suddenly stopped with a slap, and the crowd dispersed, and Nastasia felt that the Duke had a noble personality and smiled apologetically at him before leaving;
Luo Guoren and Gallia scrambled to send Nastasia home, but both refused
The Duke returned to the General's Mansion with a heavy heart, and Gallia hurriedly followed him, and as soon as he entered the door, he knelt down at the Duke's feet, apologizing for the mistake he had just made.
He recounted that the reason he had been insulted by the general and forythought to marry Nastasia was the seventy-five thousand rubles, but as long as he had money, he did not have to look at anyone's face.
The Duke felt genuinely sad for Galia, shook his head and let the other party leave, and Galia did not hesitate and immediately rushed to Nastasia's birthday party
At this moment, night has fallen, and Duke Myskin is pacing back and forth in the room alone, and the beautiful and melancholy eyes of Nastasia in his mind appear from time to time.
Saving seems to be the lifelong mission of the Duke of Myskin, he can't watch a flower girl ruin her happiness like this, and after making up his mind, the Duke also decided to go to Nastasia's birthday party
The arrival of the Duke made Nastasia very happy, and in her opinion, the Duke was by far the most upright and kind person she had ever met,
This true gentleman was willing to propose to himself with his only inheritance to get her out of her current predicament, but Nastasia refused bitterly.
She could not let the Duke ruin his reputation and future by himself, so she said to the crowd:
As long as the Duke asks me to marry Gallia, then I will marry him,
As soon as these words came out, the guests at the banquet were stunned, and their eyes looked directly at the Duke, waiting for his judgment, and the Duke and even Gallia's evil nature did not hesitate to say:
Nastasia could not marry Galia
As soon as the words fell, everyone was in an uproar, and Gallia saw the seventy thousand roubles in his hand drifting in the water, and looked at the Duke unwillingly,
Totszki also disregarded his identity to accuse the duke of this unserious decision to affect his marriage and future.
Seeing that all the spearheads were aimed at the Duke, Nastasia could not help but speak out for the Duke, and she looked at Tociki sarcastically and said:
I don't want a ruble to set you free,
She then removed the jewelry she was wearing and threw it to Torzki and Yeltsin, who had possessed her
In the chaos, Luo Guoren once again broke in, did not say anything, only proudly put a bundle of money on the table,
Nastasha understood and said to the crowd:
This hundred thousand rubles is the price at which Rogo ren bought me.
Nastaxia knew that in this society of money and omnipotence, almost everyone regarded her as a plaything, except for the young Duke Of Myskin, who sympathized and cherished her.
But because of this, Nastasia could not bear to ruin the Duke's life, and could not bear to have someone insulting the Duke behind his back.
Therefore, she chose to go with Luo Guoren, who was originally a gorgeous and talented woman, but she only single-handedly fought against the corrupt high society, and she eventually failed
Before leaving, Nastasia bid a kind farewell to the Duke of Myskin and kissed each other's foreheads affectionately, and the Duke was so discouraged that he could not help but cry bitterly.
Bidding farewell to the Duke, she turned back into the drawing room and threw a hundred thousand roubles into the furnace in public, and when the fire burned, she watched contemptuously as Gallia asked the other to go to the fire to get chestnuts,
Frustrated, Galia tried to escape from the living room, and then fainted on the ground, and Nastasia kicked the money that the servant had taken out of the fire to Gallia's side and said:
This is my reward for him, selling his sinful soul,
Then he laughed and went with Luo Guoren,
Looking at Nastasia's actions, Duke Mystikin thought about it and chased Nastasia out, but General Yeltsin could not stop it, and scolded behind the Duke:
Idiots, idiots
When goodness really becomes an idiot, "benevolence becomes useless, rage manifests itself as strength, cowardice pretends to be reason, beauty is destined to be trampled and destroyed, and evil becomes more and more unscrupulous and disturbs everything." ”
What else in this world can be saved, Nastasia, who left with Luo Guoren, did not usher in the happiness of life, this man bought her people for a hundred thousand rubles, and her life,
And the Duke of Mesquin, the insignificant goodness can not shake the deep-rooted iron net of high society,
In the end, he didn't feel that he could do anything for the panicked world, he just wanted to go back to the pure land of Switzerland and be a real idiot.
The tragic fate of Duke Myskin is Dostoevsky's indictment of the whole world, and it is also a hearty torture of human nature, which can illuminate the true face of everyone.
At the end, you will find that the "idiot" is a positive image, like a stupid child who does not eat human fireworks, with a saintly heart, pity all people