Hello everyone, I am Captain Nemo, welcome aboard the Nautilus, Captain Nemo takes you on a journey through the ocean of knowledge.
When one thinks of "grandmother of Europe", one thinks of Queen Victoria of Great Britain and Ireland. However, not many people know who the "grandfather of Europe" is, he is King Miguel I of Portugal. Why Miguel I is called the grandfather of Europe, the captain will tell you in detail.
One, Miguel's family lineage
Miguel I was born on 26 October 1802 in Lisbon, the capital of the Kingdom of Portugal, as the third son of King João VI of Portugal and Princess Carlotta Joaquina of Spain. At that time, it was the period when the French emperor Napoleon dominated Europe, and Portugal had always been close to Britain and refused to implement Napoleon's continental blockade policy, so the French army invaded Portugal, causing the Portuguese royal family to flee to the colony of Brazil for refuge. Thus Miguel I's teenager grew up in Brazil and did not return to Portugal until he became an adult.
In 1821, João VI returned to Lisbon with the royal family under pressure from the Portuguese Parliament, and his second son, Pedro I, became regent of Brazil. In 1822, the Brazilian people declared their independence because Portugal had abolished its autonomy and endorsed Pedro I as Emperor of Brazil.
In 1826 João VI died of illness and the Portuguese throne was vacant. Pedro I then proclaimed himself King of Portugal. However, Pedro I believed in liberalism, so he was opposed by the Portuguese absolutists, believing that Pedro I could no longer be the king of Portugal since he became emperor of Brazil, so he supported Miguel I's accession to the throne.
Miguel I then reconciled with his brother Pedro I, agreeing that the Portuguese throne would be inherited by Pedro I's daughter Maria II, with Miguel I as regent; When Maria II came of age, she married Miguel I, and the two ruled Portugal together. However, Miguel I quickly deposed his niece Maria II after coming to power in 1828 and crowned himself King of Portugal. As a result, Miguel I was called the "usurper" by Portuguese liberals.
Dissatisfied with his brother Miguel I's renegade, Pedro I ceded the throne to his son Pedro II in 1831 and returned to Portugal to fight for the throne for his daughter Maria II. A civil war over the throne broke out between the brothers, and the liberals won. Miguel I abdicated in 1834 and went into exile in Austria until his death.
Two, Miguel heirs
In 1851, Miguel I married the German noblewoman Adeheide of Leeuwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg and had seven children: Maria Nevis, Miguel, Maria Teresa, Maria José, Adegendis of Braganza, Maria Anna, and Maria Antonia.
Maria Nevis was the eldest daughter of Miguel I and married Alfonso Carlos, Duke of San Jaime of Spain. Since Alfonso Carlos 's father , Juan , Count of Montizon, was only a pretender to the throne of Spain and France, he failed to inherit the throne and was only a pretender to the throne of Spain and France, and did not have any children with his wife Maria Nevis.
Miguel was the only son of Miguel I, and because his father lost the throne, he was only a pretender to the Portuguese throne. Miguel married twice and had 11 children, none of whom became king or queen.
Maria Theresa was the second daughter and married Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria, and gave him two daughters, Maria Annunziata and Elisabeth Amaria. Elisabeth Amaria married Alois, Prince of Liechtenstein of Germany, and gave birth to Prince Franz Joseph II of Liechtenstein. To this day, the monarchs of the Duchy of Liechtenstein are descendants of Maria Theresa.
Maria Jose was the third daughter and married Karl Theodor of Bavaria, a German nobleman, and had five children. Her second daughter, Elisabeth of Bavaria, married King Albert I of Belgium and became Queen of Belgium. To this day, the kings of Belgium are descendants of Maria Jossé.
Adgendis of Bragança was the fourth daughter and married Enrique Carlo Luigi Giorgio, Count of Badi of the Duchy of Parma, but the two had no heirs.
Maria Ana was the fifth daughter and became Grand Duchess of Luxembourg by marrying Grand Duke William IV of Luxembourg, with six daughters. Her eldest daughter, Marie Adelaid, and her second daughter, Charlotte, became Grand Duchess of Luxembourg. To this day, the Grand Duke of Luxembourg is a descendant of Adgendis.
Maria Antonia was the sixth daughter and married Roberto I, Duke of Parma. Since the Duchy of Parma had already been annexed by the Kingdom of Sardinia (the predecessor of the Kingdom of Italy) when they got married, Roberto I was only a pretender to the throne of Parma. She had 12 children, of which the eldest of Bourbon-Parma Zita married the Austro-Hungarian monarch Karl I and became Austro-Hungarian queen, and the sixth married her cousin Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg.
Third, the grandfather of Europe
Miguel I was the king of Portugal, and his descendants became the monarchs or ladies of Liechtenstein, Belgium, Luxembourg, Austria-Hungary and other countries, and were also the claimants or ladies of the monarchs of Portugal, Parma, Spain, France and other countries, so they were called "Grandfather of Europe".