In the cultivation of large cherries in the open field, from the age of 5 years, more or less individual branches will die, and gradually develop to the death of the whole tree. This phenomenon mostly occurs in fruit-bearing mature trees, and the death of the whole tree means that several years of hard work and investment have been wasted, which is deplorable by fruit farmers.
Here, based on some of my years of experience in the management of large cherry orchards and the effective methods summarized by my peers, today we will talk about this topic and discuss and learn from each other.
The characteristics of dead branches and dead trees of large cherry trees
Dead branches and dead trees of large cherry trees mainly appear on the following types of trees:
1. Weak trees, saplings planted at the same time, trees that have grown slowly for many years, dry bark, insufficient branches, and yellowed leaves.
2. The little old tree, which purely does not grow or stops growing, can only be said to be alive. It does not grow tall, does not have branches, how big it was when it was planted, and it still does not grow now, it is also called a zombie tree.
3, Shengguo trees, Shengguo here refers to these weak trees, small old trees, easy to flower and fruit, typical "calves pull carts". If you don't limit the fruit set, you won't be far from the dead tree.
The incidence of dead branches and dead trees of large cherry trees
The disease period of dead branches and dead trees of large cherry trees mainly occurs in the summer and autumn after fruit picking, that is, the three months of July, August and September.
After the fruit of the fruit tree during this period is picked, it can be said that the tree body is "greatly damaged". This season is mostly high temperature and dry weather, coupled with its growth characteristics, the branches are long and prosperous, resulting in the loss of a large number of nutrients. Strong trees have strong resistance themselves, and it is difficult for weak trees and small old trees to survive.
The dead branches of the large cherry tree are a precursor to the death of the tree, and the individual branches die in the early stage of the disease, and if prevention and control measures are not taken in time, the whole tree will eventually die.
The three fundamental factors that lead to the dead branches and dead trees of large cherry trees
The objects of dead branches and dead trees of large cherries are weak trees and small old trees, so the cause of the formation of weak trees and small old trees is fundamental.
Digging up the roots of these weak and small old trees will find that many root nodules grow in the root system, which is the direct cause of hindering the growth of fruit trees. These nodules destroy the root system of the fruit tree, block the nutrient transport of the root system to the tree, and cause the corresponding branches to lose water and die.
These nodules are particularly contagious, controlling the entire root system in one growing season, resulting in dead trees. What's more, it can also infect surrounding fruit trees through soil-borne transmission. Nodules are the first factor that causes dead branches and dead trees in large cherry trees.
So what factors are related to the development of nodules?
The self-contained virus of seedling grafted birch is also one of the root causes. This is a virus "in the womb", which already exists in the body when the seedling is a seedling, but the seedling is fully nourished and has strong inhibitory power and will not appear pathological. At the fruit-hanging period, as the output of the camp increases, the autoimmunity decreases, and the inhibitory power gradually weakens, the virus can exert its power, and the manifestations of the disease are highlighted.
The direct cause of insufficient nutrition and weakened immunity of fruit trees is insufficient soil fertility and soil organic matter content.
Increasing soil organic matter content in orchards plays a key role in preventing the occurrence of diseases. Traditional nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are the fertilizer of choice for most fruit farmers, and are welcomed by fruit farmers because of their fast action and obvious effect. He did not know that it was this idea of quick success, which seriously reduced the organic matter of the soil, resulting in single nutrition and reduced disease resistance of fruit trees. Just like our body, we eat a lot of fish and meat, rarely eat whole grains and vegetables, and our body will also be sick and malnourished.
There are causes, and so do the diseases of fruit trees. Weak trees have poor resistance, and soil fertility is insufficient Natural trees are weak. Therefore, solving the problem fundamentally is the long-term solution.
Prevention and control methods of dead branches and dead trees of large cherry trees
The phenomenon of dead branches and dead trees in large cherry trees first proves that your soil strength is insufficient, which means that there is a serious lack of organic matter in the soil of the orchard.
The solution is: adjust the proportion of fertilizer, mainly farm manure and organic fertilizer, and increase the amount of fertilizer. At the same time, microbiotic medicinal fertilizer is used in combination to minimize the amount of ternary fertilizer.
For the control of infected fruit trees:
In the early stage of the disease, that is, the fruit tree with dead branches, it is given the treatment of "bone scraping and poisoning". On sunny days in autumn and winter, the roots of dead branches are excavated in the corresponding direction. You will find the tumor on the root, dig out the tumor with a blade, scrape off the root epidermis, dry the surface in the sun, and apply 100 times copper sulfate solution or agricultural streptomycin solution to the wound, plus petroleum jelly protection.
(Note: Backfill soil is taken away from the sick area, while mixing in some commercial organic fertilizer)
In the later stage of the disease, the whole tree is weak, and the leaves are small and curled, which indicates that the nodule disease has reached the late stage, and it is not recommended to dig the roots to remove the tumor, so that it only accelerates the death of the tree.
It can only be prevented with the attitude of "dead horses as live horse doctors". After all, after spending several years of hard work, I can't bear to give it up. There is a plan that is definitely working well, and many fruit farmers around have responded well.
The specific method is: use 400 times the liquid (1:400) of root cancer (K84) for root irrigation, according to the size of the tree dosage of 10~30 kg. Root irrigation 2 times, with an interval of more than 20 days.
(Note: According to the size of the tree, soak the tree path around 0.5~1 meters, and cover with soil after the water dries)
Nodule disease is a devastating disease for large cherry trees, and it is a long-term solution to fundamentally improve the soil structure of orchards and increase the organic matter content in the soil while preventing and controlling it. At the same time, strengthen the management of orchards, and take timely measures when problems are found. Every tree is dissolved into our heart, don't wait until you just want to return to the fruit farmers and be "lazy", hope that each tree can bring us benefits, fruit trees can make us rich.
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