After the Liberation War broke out, Hu Zongnan led hundreds of thousands of troops in a vain attempt to capture Yan'an in one fell swoop, while Chairman Mao and the Party Central Committee calmly moved when Hu Zongnan attacked Yan'an, pinning Hu Zongnan's hundreds of thousands of troops in northern Shaanxi. In the later decisive battle between the Kuomintang and the Communists, the future marshals of New China strategized on their respective battlefields, wielding millions of troops and fighting on the battlefield. Among them, Boss Peng fought a great battle against Hu Zongnan and swept through the northwest; Liu Bocheng and Chen Yi fought a decisive battle to sweep away the enemy Kou; Lin Biao pacified the northeast and Siye went south.
In this war, which is destined to be recorded in the annals of history forever, only a new Chinese marshal who was bought by Chiang Kai-shek out of 100,000 oceans is missing, and people do not even know where he is. This person was Marshal He Long, one of the ten marshals of New China, who participated in leading the Nanchang Uprising, made a revolution with two kitchen knives, and later joined the Communist Party, becoming the most senior and the most senior of the ten marshals. Why did Marshal He Long "disappear" in the final decisive battle of the Chinese revolution in the War of Liberation? Today, the History Institute will take you to understand what Marshal He Long was doing during the Liberation War.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="2" > (throw yourself into the revolution and fight to the end).</h1>
He Long's most well-known experience is that of the revolution with two kitchen knives, which was the unyielding struggle of a bloody Chinese under the dark oppression of the old society. On March 22, 1896, He Long was born into a poor peasant family in Hongjiaguan, Sangzhi County, Hunan Province, and due to his poor family, He Long hurriedly dropped out of school after only 5 years of private school. When he was a teenager, He Long was not accustomed to those landlords and inferior gentry running rampant in the township, and his cynical and righteous personality was also famous in the township with his struggle against the landlords and inferior gentry and bandits. But in the end, the struggle of the individual is invincible to the darkness of the times. Could it be that He Long's enemies were just local gentry and bandit bullies? No, these reactionary forces are distributed throughout the country, and the reason why they existed was because of the decadent system and backward society of old China at that time.
In 1911, the cannon of the Xinhai Revolution spread from the distant Wuchang to Hunan, which changed the fate of many people and pointed out the direction for countless enthusiastic young people who were interested in saving the country and the people, that is, revolution! At that time, Chairman Mao abandoned his pen and signed up for the Xiang Army, although he had only been a soldier for half a year, but this experience still made Chairman Mao remember it many years later. The 15-year-old He Long was also affected by the Xinhai Revolution, and he began to be no longer satisfied with fighting bandits and bullies between the townships, but hoped to join the revolution and fight to change this dark society.
In 1914, He Long joined the Chinese Revolutionary Party led by Sun Yat-sen, and he began to engage in anti-imperialist and anti-feudal armed struggles in Sangzhi, Shimen, Yuanling and other counties, and was imprisoned three times. Lenin once said that "without revolutionary theory there can be no revolutionary action", that is to say, without correct theoretical guidance, revolutionary action is also blind. In his early years, He Long fought against the evil forces with a passion for blood, only out of simple oppression and oppressed hatred, and now he has begun to put forward a clear political proposition, that is, anti-imperialism and anti-feudalism.
In 1916, Cai Ye organized an anti-Yuan Protectorate Army, and the influence spread throughout the country, and the 20-year-old He Long originally planned to join Cai E's Defending Army, but was rejected, so He Long decided to pull up an armed force near Sang Zhi. He found his brother-in-law and said to them, "It is no longer enough to kill the rich and help the poor, but now we must fight a poor peasant who has land to plant and has food to eat." He Long's first target was the Bamao creek salt tax bureau.
It is a salt tax checkpoint located at the junction of Sangzhi and Hefeng, with a total of 12 soldiers and 12 guns. He Long and the others did not have guns, they only had kitchen knives, but kitchen knives were also weapons. He Long led a number of young people to destroy the Bamaoxi Salt Tax Bureau, seized 12 guns, and then organized a troop to join the war against Yuan and the protectorate.
This revolutionary armed force, composed mainly of peasants, was developing with difficulty in the old society of bandits and warlords at that time. Although he suffered repeated defeats and ups and downs, He Long's determination to participate in the revolution did not waver in the slightest, and He Long's family was also very supportive of He Long leading the troops to engage in armed struggle. In May 1920, due to the lack of guns and ammunition in the armed forces, He Long dredged up relations and purchased some guns and ammunition from Li County, Hunan Province, and sent his father and brother to transport weapons.
However, due to the whistle-blowing of traitors, on the way back, he was attacked by reactionary landlords and bandits, his father was brutally killed, and his brother was only 15 years old and was caught and steamed alive with a steamer, and the hatred of the national enemy made He Long's determination to join the revolution and save the country and save the people even stronger. In that era of darkness and injustice, only revolution could bring light to China and to the vast number of poor people.
In 1923, He Long led his troops to intercept the cargo ships of the warlord Wu Peifu and captured a large number of materials, so He Long returned to Hunan and established the Jianguo Alliance, and his troops also began to enter a stage of rapid development. In 1925, He Long became the commander of the First Division of the Sichuan Army of the Jianguo Coalition Army. Unlike the past, when southern China began to brew a new round of revolutionary storm, which began in Guangdong and will sweep most of China in the future. The first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communists brought the Chinese revolution into a period of vigorous development, and He Long also made contact with the National Revolutionary Army.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="32" > (true feelings of danger, leading the uprising).</h1>
During China's first civil revolutionary war from 1924 to 1927, He Long actively supported the three major policies of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, holding high the banner of overthrowing the great powers and warlords, and leading his troops to participate in the Northern Expedition. He Long's troops were developed entirely by him. In the summer of 1926, He Long served as the commander of the 1st Division of the 9th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and was a well-known leftist general in the Northern Expeditionary Army. With his outstanding military achievements in the Northern Expedition, He Long was promoted to the commander of the 20th Army of the National Revolutionary Army, and his unit was a strong force in the Northern Expeditionary Army, and He Long commanded the troops all the way north, from Hunan to Henan.
Seeing that the fruits of the victory of the Northern Expedition were immediately within reach, history took a turn at this time, and people's previous beautiful illusions about the reunification of China after the end of the Northern Expedition were shattered. In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Jingwei defected to the revolution one after another, and the once progressive and revolutionary Kuomintang degenerated into a reactionary organization, and Chiang Kai-shek wantonly slaughtered and arrested the Leftists, Communists, and revolutionary masses of the Kuomintang, and the first cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party broke down.
In the face of counter-revolutionary rebellion at home, the Communist Party of China alone carried the banner of revolution, and countless people who insisted on revolution began to consciously move closer to this banner. The revolutionary exploration and practice in the early years always felt like "seeing flowers in the fog" for He Long, and he deeply felt that it was difficult to change the status quo by his own strength, but countless people were running for China's future, whose concept was most likely to save China? In the end, He Long identified the Communist Party and identified Marxism.
As early as August 1926, He Long made a request to join the Communist Party, but at that time, during the period of cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China had stipulated that senior officers should not be allowed to join the party in friendly armies, so He Long's first application to join the party was not approved. But He Long was not discouraged, after the collapse of Kuomintang-Communist cooperation in 1927, He Long led his 20th Army to Nanchang and became the main force of the Nanchang Rebel Army, and when Premier Zhou informed He Long of the plan of action for the Nanchang Uprising, He Long did not hesitate to say, "I completely listen to the Communist Party, and I can do whatever I want." ”
The Nanchang Uprising fired the first shot of the Communist Party's armed struggle, and the Nanchang Rebel Army became the seed of the later revolutionary army, so He Long was also one of the founders of the Chinese People's Liberation Army. After the Nanchang Uprising, He Long successfully joined the Communist Party of China and became one of the main leaders of the Communist Party of China and the Red Army. However, such a high-ranking general of our army who had a very high starting point and extremely deep qualifications rarely appeared in the Liberation War. The reason for He Long's absence from the Liberation War dates back to the anti-Japanese period.
In July 1936, according to the instructions of the Party Central Committee, the Red Second and Red Sixth Armies formed the Red Second Front, with He Long as the commander-in-chief. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang reached the second cooperation, the Red Army was reorganized into the Eighth Route Army, He Long served as the commander of the 120th Division of the Eighth Route Army, and He Long led the 120th Division deep behind the enemy lines to fight against the Japanese army attacking the Shaanxi and Shanxi regions. Although it achieved good results in northwestern Jin, the 120th Division was slightly deficient in terms of its combat performance and troop expansion and development compared with the other two divisions during the War of Resistance Against Japan.
He Long then led his troops into the Jizhong Plain, and the Battle of Hejian Qihui under his command was an example of the annihilation of the plains in the War of Resistance Against Japan, in which He Long was poisoned and still insisted on commanding. Although he had the intention to kill the thief, He Long's body was gradually irreparably damaged in one to another battle. At the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, He Long was transferred to Jinsui District as commander of the Jinsui District Military Region and became the Imperial Forest Army defending Yan'an.
Although for a soldier, especially He Long, who has been engaged in military service since he was a teenager and has experienced hundreds of battles, commanding the troops to fight in the front is what he expects, but at this time He Long has become an important general in the Communist Party, and the first person Chairman Mao thought of in ensuring the safety of the party in Yan'an and the overall planning and scheduling of army materials was He Long. This work can only be done by capable and reliable people in the party, and it is clear that He Long's party spirit has withstood the test of revolution, so he is the preferred figure.
It is not easy to engage in the work in the rear of the party, and it is not easy to make meritorious contributions, but He Long still shoulders a heavy burden, as long as he works for the party and the revolution, then he is willing to work for any post. After the Liberation War broke out, He Long was ordered to assist Mr. Peng in organizing and commanding the troops in the northwest battlefield, and presided over the construction of the rear base areas, and was responsible for the financial and economic work of Shaanxi, Gansu, and Jinsui. When the generals of all armies were fighting on the battlefields in various parts of China, He Long was also traveling east and west, planning for The food, ammunition and other materials that Hu Zongnan urgently needed for the great war for Mr. Peng.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="35" > (logistical contribution, revolutionary contribution).</h1>
In early 1947, after Chiang Kai-shek's plan to launch an all-out attack on the Liberated Areas went bankrupt, he decided to change his tactics and focus on attacking Yan'an in northern Shaanxi in a vain attempt to capture Yan'an, which, according to the Kuomintang, was to "destroy the nerve centers of the bandit party, government, and army, shake the hearts of his troops, and disintegrate their fighting spirit." "Seeing that Hu Zongnan led hundreds of thousands of troops to be aggressive, and the People's Liberation Army stationed in northern Shaanxi had only 17,000 people, such a huge disparity in strength, how could this battle be fought?
Chairman Mao decided to take advantage of the terrain of northern Shaanxi and the advantages of guerrilla warfare in our army to contain Hu Zongnan's troops and wait for other battlefield troops to open up the situation. The most suitable candidate to command this seventeen thousand people was He Long, not only because he was the commander of the joint defense of northern Shaanxi, but also because he was also very good at fighting guerrilla warfare. However, at this time, He Long was also responsible for defending the safety of Chairman Mao and the Party Central Committee, so Mr. Peng took the initiative to ask for help and served as the commander-in-chief of the northern Shaanxi battlefield. In March 1947, the Northwest Field Corps was formally established, with Mr. Peng as commander and political commissar, while He Long was unable to participate in the four major field armies and became Mr. Peng's "Logistics Minister".
War is not only the troops attacking the city strategically, the artillery fire is flying, but more importantly, the logistical support of troops, cadres, weapons and ammunition, etc. If there is no logistical support, then the army has no combat effectiveness, let alone developing strength, defeating the enemy and finally liberating all of China. However, people always like to watch the bloody battles and excellent commands on the battlefield, but they often ignore the tedious and complicated logistics work.
Originally, this kind of logistical work should have been performed by personnel who were more proficient in political work, such as Marshal Luo Ronghuan, but at that time Luo Ronghuan was working in the northeast, and this kind of trivial and complicated work such as managing grain, clothing, weapons and ammunition was also extremely difficult, and Chairman Mao entrusted this heavy task to He Long, which was also a trust in his ability. Most people only saw Marshal He Long's heroic arrogance in commanding the "two kitchen knives to make a revolution," but ignored Marshal He Long's meticulous thinking in charge of logistics work in the Liberation War. When those future marshals of New China commanded hundreds of thousands of troops on the battlefield, He Long silently buried his head in logistics work and made General Manager Peng the logistics minister.
When the Northwest Field Army and the Kuomintang Army were fighting bitterly, He Long received telegrams asking him for grain. However, the land in northern Shaanxi was already barren and agricultural production was backward, coupled with the invasion of northern Shaanxi by the Kuomintang army, which was even more seriously damaged, and He Long could only borrow grain from his brother troops, and with the help of the people's governments in various localities, mobilized and organized a huge labor force, and the masses in central Jin, southwestern Jin, and Luyu, Jinji, and other places were constantly transporting grain to northern Shaanxi. It can be said that the grain used by the Northwest Field Army was mainly transported to northern Shaanxi by He Long's mobilization and organization of the masses of the people in the Jinsui Liberated Area from thousands of miles away.
In the winter of 1947, when the Northwest Field Army was preparing to fight in the south and push the front line to the Kuomintang area, the troops were in urgent need of winter clothes and material funds for the long-distance southward advance, so they urgently sent a telegram to He Long. This made He Long think hard, and finally decided to send people to transport the local specialties of shaanxi, Gansu, and Jinsui districts to the border areas, and let the merchants sell them to the kuomintang area to raise funds and materials. And fighting a war not only relies on materials but also on troop strength, without the replenishment of troops, how to develop strength?
This question is naturally looking for He Long again. In 1947, within the jurisdiction of the Joint Defense Military Region, 30,000 people were mobilized to join the field army and 50,000 people to join the local corps.
The vigorous War of Liberation was the most magnificent movement of the Chinese revolution, and in the decisive battle that determined China's destiny, Marshal He Long made outstanding contributions to the Chinese revolution with his obscure logistical work.
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