It is located at the northwestern tip of the Italian Adriatic Sea. It was founded in 810 AD. The city is built on the water, and the city uses bridges as roads and boats instead of cars, which is known as the "water capital".
1. The history of Venice
Venice is a world-famous water city, known as the "water capital". Located in a lagoon jutting inland from the Adriatic Sea, it consists of more than 100 small islands, it is an important port in northern Italy, with a population of 350,000, 177 large and small rivers that make up the streets and alleys of the city, and 401 bridges of various types connect the various parts of the city. Most of the city's buildings were built on millions of wooden stakes that plunged into the lagoon's bottom, and over the course of its long history, the entire city sank a total of 76.2 centimeters. Venice is surrounded by the ocean, with only a 4,000-metre-long artificial causeway in the northwest corner connecting to the mainland.
Venice was originally founded around the 6th century by immigrants who came to the island to escape the war. In the mid-9th century, it became the center of a city-state independent of Byzantium. Venice's unique geographical location made it gradually become a key link between the East and the West from the 13th century onwards. By the middle of the 14th century, Venice had become the most powerful and wealthy maritime republic in Italy, with 3,000 merchant ships and nearly 20,000 crew members, and was known as the "capital of the countries along the Adriatic Coast". It was not until Columbus discovered the New World in the 16th century that its economic position began to decline gradually, and it was finally incorporated into the Kingdom of Italy in 1866. Venice gradually lost its powerful dominance in the late 18th century. During the Napoleonic Wars, Venice eventually succumbed to Bonaparte's iron hooves. It was only in 1866 that Venice returned to Italian rule. In 1930, Mussolini ordered the construction of a passage connecting the continent with Venice.
2. Venetian architectural style
Venice originated in the last years of the Roman Empire, when it belonged to the tenth state of the empire, which was composed of two regions, Veneto and Isdelia, and was one of the most unstable states in the empire. For three centuries, the Muslim and Christian worlds have been vying for dominion of the Mediterranean. But these two forces coexisted peacefully and peacefully in Venice, in a land that was unique at the time. Throughout the city, moorish architecture and Gothic architecture reached a peculiar harmony.
Venice is also a historic city with more than 450 art and historical attractions. There are 120 Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque churches, 120 bell towers, 64 monasteries and more than 40 palaces. The history of Venice is made up of many different cultures, the first of which was a group of people who fled to the island to escape the invasion of the Huns and the Longobaldi, and they brought the traditions of the Canton of Venice to here. Later there was "Byzantine culture" – the basic structure of St. Mark's Church in the city, mosaics, arches of dwellings and warehouses, all the result of bybyzantine cultural influences. During the "Gothic culture" period, the decorative buildings of the Tokare Royal Palace and St. Mark's Church were influenced by Gothic culture. The "Renaissance" Piazza San Marco and the small squares, as well as many houses on both sides of the Grand Canal, are in the Renaissance style.
3. St. Mark's Square
St. Mark's Square was built over the centuries. The original St. Mark's Square was an open space in front of the church, which was later turned into a meeting place for religious and political activities. Originally the chapel of the local chiefs, and the nearby Tocharé Palace, the seat of government, St. Mark's Square naturally became a political and religious center from an early age. At that time, the rulers of Venice had political and religious rights, and his power included the appointment of bishops of the church, so the status of St. Mark's Church became increasingly important, and the church itself continued to expand, and St. Mark's Square naturally expanded with it. The religious importance of St. Mark's Square can also be seen from the decoration outside St. Mark's Church, because some religious ceremonies in the church at that time, ordinary people could not participate, but they could see from the square, and st. Mark's Square was like a large church, and the front of the church became the altar of this cathedral.
4. St. Mark's Basilica
St. Mark's Basilica was built in 832 to house the remains of St. Mark stolen from Alexandria, Egypt. St. Mark is the author of the Gospel of Mark in the Bible, in religion, the representative symbol of "St. Mark" is a lion with wings, and later this symbol became the symbol of Venice, and "St. Mark" also became the patron saint of Venice, so the emblem of Venice is a lion holding a gospel. The square is more than 170 meters long from east to west, 55 meters wide on the west side, and about 80 meters wide on the east side, which is slightly trapezoidal. The south, north and west are surrounded by palatial palaces. St. Mark's Campanile is 98.6 meters high and offers panoramic views of Venice. The architectural layout of St. Mark's Church follows the Byzantine style, with a Greek cross-shaped plan, covered with five hemispherical domes, a frontal width of 51.8 meters, and five angular Roman gates. In the center of the upper arch of the main entrance of St. Mark's Church, there are four bronze statues of the Golden Prancing Horse, originally taken back by the Venetians from the arena of Constantine in 1204 AD. These four golden bronze horses were once placed by Napoleon in the squares of Paris, but were later taken back to Venice by the Austrians. From then until now, they have been placed on churches, symbolizing the power and power of Venice. Above the arch on the front of the cathedral, there are four large stringed moon windows, and in the string moon window there are mosaics painted in the 17th century, mainly describing the biography of Jesus. Look at these mosaics, preferably at sunset and dusk, when the golden rays of the sun shine through the window and reflect the various colors of the mosaics, creating a beautiful view. The Gothic toppings on the large stringed moon windows were created in the 14th century and were taken over by many sculptors, most of whom came from Tuscany.
The interior of St. Mark's Church was built on a high platform. In ancient times, the floors inside churches and temples were higher than the pavements outside, primarily to emphasize their sacredness. The church was built in accordance with the Greek cruciform design method, the interior floor of the church was paved with marble, the columns inlaid with mosaic mosaics were carved from complete precious marble, and the walls were also inlaid with colored marble. On the upper walls and the domed roof of the church, mosaics made of gold or glass are inlaid, and these beautiful mosaics contrast strongly with the slightly darkened interior of the church, which makes them look even more shiny. The church has a lot to do with the history of Venice, because Venice had early contact with the East, so the church was architecturally heavily influenced by the West and the East, with the cross-shaped design, arches, round roof and interior decoration of the church influenced by Byzantine, while the basic structure was influenced by Romanesque. From this church, you can see the traces of the interaction and fusion of the two different cultures of the East and the West.
5. Baptismal Church
The Baptist Church was built in the 14th century on the right side of the church's cross-shaped structure, in the middle of the Zehn family's chapel and museum, and the decoration inside was built from the 15th century until the 16th century. On top of its domes and arches, there are several mosaics depicting the story of Jesus Christ and San Giovanni, whose style was heavily influenced by the folk art of the canton of Venetianto. One of the most amazing pieces of art is The Baptism of Jesus and The Dance of Salome, both of which have a strong Gothic style.
6. Tocare Palace
The Palazzo Tocaretne's Old Palace was built in the first 20 years of the 9th century. The palace was built at great expense and was built to the fullest extent possible to express the power and wealth of the Venetian Republic at that time. Originally, the palace was built for defense, so the palace resembled a castle. Later, in the Byzantine and Gothic periods, the royal palace was transformed into an open building with many doors, windows, and cloisters. The current royal palace was remodeled in the 15th century, representing the prosperity and stability of the Venetian Republic during that period. The Tocare Palace is a building with many uses, and the part of the palace facing the small river channel includes the residence of the ruling palace, the house of parliament, the court and the prison. The palace prison is divided into two floors, the upper floor is called "prison with a lead roof", the lower level is called "Bridge from Well to Straw", and there is an armory in the corner of the house. There is a very large conference hall on the part facing venice's Grand Canal, and there is a polling hall in the part of the pilgrimage chapel, which was also used as a library before the san marco library was built. The front of the palace is lined with 38 arched columns, which have a sense of balance. Whether it is in the arrangement of space or the beauty of the shape, you can see the ingenuity of the builder. There are exquisite carvings on the top of the columns, mainly depicting symbols of trade, war, and peace. On top of the column near the Door of Paper is the judgment of Solomon, which represents justice. Because the carvings on some of the pillar tops are very precious works of art, most of them are currently stored in the royal palace, and imitations are placed in the original location. The upper walls of the palace cloister are studded with colorful diamond-shaped marble, and there are also some large windows. At the very top, there are many small pink and white minarets, each with a conical roof made of marble. The way this building is built is imbued with a strong oriental style.
7. Harbor, canal, bridge
The harbor of San Marco refers to the sea before the banks of the St. Mark's Causeway. San Marco Harbour is bounded by St. George's Island, Jewish Island and Customs Headland. St. George's Island, the Customs Promontory and the Church of Santa Maria Maggiore are like three pearls placed at the entrance of Venice.
Venice's large and small water alleys are like the streets in ordinary cities, and the 3.2-kilometer-long and 70-meter-wide Grand Canal is its "main street". In this water city, all kinds of boats became the only means of transportation. Hop on a boat and walk along the Venetian Canal, which unfolds its unique picture – buildings of all styles stand on the water, red, pink, yellow and white facades and styles of various styles and genres are on display, and many mansions are gorgeous and dignified, with white stone columns, multicolored eaves, and exquisite floral ornaments. The ordinary houses are also subtle and elegant, revealing an aura between the high and low. There are many bridges on the Grand Canal, all the bridge decks are smooth and smooth, the railings on the bridges are mostly made of stone, most of the bridges are not high or wide, generally a few meters up and down, commensurate with the Venetian architectural style. The dotted stone bridges and the countless boats traveling under the bridge decorate this water city in a unique way. The famous Rialto Bridge is a single-hole marble bridge, built in 1590 and 48 meters long, with shops on both sides of the bridge filling the 22-meter-wide deck. On both sides of the bridge is Venice's famous commercial street, once the commercial center of Europe, which Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice depicts as a gathering place for merchants and moneylenders. Crossing the Rialto Bridge, the channel gradually opens up to the tall bell tower in front of the Cathedral on St. George's Island, and St. Mark's Square is nearby. There is a small sky bridge in the water alley not far west of St. Mark's Square, which is the famous "Bridge of Sighs". In the past, when death row inmates walked from here to the execution ground, they could not help but sigh through the two small windows on the side of the bridge to see the beautiful scenery of the world and the relatives and friends waiting in front of them, hence the name.
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