Through the world tourism map, see the famous tourist attractions of the world, and appreciate the world's great rivers and mountains.
Part IV: Europe france
French noun explanation: Located in western Europe. Including islands such as Corsica. It is bordered by the Gulf of Biscay in the Western Ocean to the west and the Strait of La Manche and the Calais Strait in the northwest. It is bordered to the northeast and east by Belgium, Lusenburg, the Federal Republic of Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Monaco, the Mediterranean Sea to the southeast, and Spain and Andorra to the southwest. It has an area of 551208 square kilometers. The population is 65.63 million, 90% french. French is Chinese. The terrain is high in the southeast and low in the northwest, opening up to the Atlantic Ocean. To the northwest are the Paris Basin and the low hills, the central highlands in the center, and the Alps and the Pyrenees tower over the southeast and southwest borders. Most of the climate is temperate oceanic, with a transition from continental climate in the east and a Mediterranean climate in the south. The main rivers are the Seine, the Loire, the Garonne and the Rhône.
1. Gard Bridge
It was built on the eve of B.C. to allow the Nîmes Elevated Canal (about 50 km long) to cross the Gard River. The Roman architects and hydraulic engineers who designed the bridge created a masterpiece of technology and art.
The bridge has three floors, about 50 meters high, the longest place is 275 meters, and each floor is a series of arched bridge holes. The bottom floor has 6 arches, each with the same 4 arches (6.36 m deep) on the top of the arch, a structure that makes the bridge strong and resists the impact of the current. The middle floor has eleven arches, each of which is topped by three identical arches (4.56 m deep), this layer spanning the mainstream arches wider than the other adjacent ones (24.5 m) in order to increase the flow of the river and reduce the impact. The uppermost layer has thirty-five arches, each with only one arch (3.06 m deep), and on this floor there are more arches and the connection between the arch and the arch is narrower, which reduces the wind stress acting on the bridge at this height.
The vaults of each arch are composed of juxtaposed, identical arches, which are economical and convenient for measuring, manufacturing, and repairing the Gard Bridge, because the vault that supports an arch requires only a wooden structure, and when the arch is repaired, it is only necessary to place a wooden structure on the circular artifact of the vault of each arch left during the construction of the bridge (this artifact was specially designed for future restoration when the bridge was built). The Gard Bridge is also outstanding in that its arches and vaults are mudstone structures, unlike today's cement and reinforced bridges.
2. Kyliebus Castle
Located in the Cucugnan region of the Languedoc-Roussillon region of France, it is a castle remains. Since 1907, the castle has been classified as a historical and cultural heritage site by the French Ministry of Culture.
The Château de Calibus is commonly known as the "Five Sons of Carcassonne", which together with the Château de Aguilar, the Château de Pereptus, the Château de Termes and the Château de la Vinci and the Château de la Vinci, stood high on the border between France and Spain until the border was moved in 1659. Standing on the highest mountain in a radius of a few miles, 728 meters high, The Castle of Keribbes guards the plains of Roussillon like a sentry, and it is not afraid of the strong blows of the wind. It should be said that, as in 1255, at the last moment of the crusade against the Catharris, when the Castle of Keribs fell, it already knew how to resist. After that, The Castle of Keribs seemed to adopt a stoic and indifferent policy of Stoicism.
In 1951, the French government proceeded with the reconstruction of the corner tower of the Château de Keribus in part; In 1998-2002, a comprehensive restoration of the castle was carried out. Nowadays, tourists can drive here to play, from the bottom of the mountain climb a few hundred meters to reach the entrance of the castle, as a defensive fortress, the entrance to the castle is steep and narrow, along the way you can also see many battlements; Standing on the edge of the castle and looking into the distance, you can see all the beautiful scenery around you.
3. Arena of Nîmes
Located in the French city of Nîmes, standing under the blue sky and white clouds, it is an ancient Roman amphitheatre, one of the main Roman monuments of Nîmes, and the most complete of the few remaining hippodromes in the world.
Built during the reign of Emperor Augustus (70 AD), the Arena of Nimes is oval in shape, 133 meters long and 101 meters wide, with 34 rows of seats, able to accommodate 16,300 spectators to watch the game, and after 1989 with a movable roof and heating system. In 1863 the Nîmes Arena was converted into a bullring, where bullfighting tournaments are held twice a year and, in addition, for other public events. Whenever the bullfighting began, the whole audience would boil, and the honor that the gladiators exchanged their lives for aroused the enthusiasm of everyone present, and the people shouted madly. When you stand quietly in the stands, you will see two thousand years of wind and rain on the stone steps to leave countless traces of erosion, part of the wall has collapsed, the ruins are still standing, but its oval beauty still has endless attraction.
When there are no competitions or other activities, the Nîmes Arena is like an old man who has experienced more than 2,000 years of vicissitudes, sitting there silently, quietly reviewing the changes, ups and downs and historical changes of more than 2,000 years.
3. Historic City Wall Fortress of Carcassonne
In the Languedoc-Roussillon region of southern France, there is a medieval European ancient city similar to Pingyao in Shanxi, Carcassonne, the oldest castle in Europe, with a history of more than 2,000 years. Unlike Pingyao in Shanxi, the ancient city of Pingyao has been preserved intact because it has not experienced war, while Carcassonne, which is located on the French border as a strategic fortress, has been subject to war, and the Romans, Visigoths, Arabs, and Others have all occupied it. In 1997, the ancient city of Carcassonne was awarded the title of World Heritage Site. Carcassonne is also of great importance to the long restoration work carried out by Duke Violet, one of the founders of modern conservation science.
Walk into the arched city gate, cross the moat through a plank suspension bridge, enter the city, the stone road is undulating, winding, only four or five meters wide, low-rise stone houses are built along the street, the style is antique. The whole castle, every street and every house is hung with pictures or photographs of its original appearance, showing their changes and developments, so that visitors can reminisce. The main buildings in the city are Gallo-Roman, but the only church, St. Nazir's, is Baggerica. The castle's coat of arms is a shield and a sword, indicating that the castle was developed during the baptism of blood and fire.
4. Canal du Midi
Meandering for 360 kilometers, all kinds of ships shuttle between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean through the canal, and the entire shipping water system covers 328 artificial buildings of various sizes such as locks, ditches, bridges, tunnels, etc., creating the most brilliant civil engineering miracle in the world's modern history. The canal was built between 1667 and 1694, paving the way for the Industrial Revolution. Canal designer Pierre-Paul Riquet was an architectural masterpiece in his design, integrating the canal with its surroundings and achieving a technological breakthrough.
Today, the Canal du Midi no longer transports goods, but with the development of waterway tourism, it has come back to life. Thousands of amateur sailors come here and drift down its curved, shady waterways, discovering along the way wonders created by the ingenuity of the technique and the sophistication of architecture, all in harmony with the surrounding countryside. The Canal du Midi was inscribed on the World Heritage List on 7 December 1996.
5. Devil's Bridge
Located in Céret, in the Est Pyrenees department of the Languedoc-Roussillon region of France, across the River Tess, is a medieval stone arch bridge that began construction in 1321 and was completed in 1341.
There is also a legend about the construction of the Devil's Bridge, it is said that the locals wanted to build a bridge across the Taish River, but because the construction technology was not yet mature, they had to ask the devil to build it for them, but the devil's request was to pay the human soul. After the bridge was built, a cat was delivered to the bridge, and the poor devil was deceived. The bridge is 22.3 meters above the ground, has only one arch, and has a span of up to 45.45 meters, which is the largest span single arch bridge at that time, and was restored in the 18th century.
There is also a touching story of the Devil's Bridge, australian artist Judy Rose was so captivated by the "Devil's Bridge" that she even married the building. When Rose first saw the ancient bridge built in the 14th century, she experienced the feeling of "love at first sight", and then held a special wedding with the bridge, and was blessed by many people.