Emperor Taiji led troops to invade Korea for the second time, completely conquering the Joseon Dynasty, forcing it to sever tributary relations with the Ming Dynasty and pay tribute to the Qing Dynasty. When this happened, it was only more than 7 years before the Qing army broke through Shanhaiguan in 1644, and at this time, the war between the Ming and Qing dynasties in Liaodong was in the final decisive battle, the Decisive Battle of Songjin.
According to the rules of the Namhansan Seongseong Alliance, the most important rule of the Qing Dynasty, in addition to asking the King of Joseon to swear an oath to "never extinguish the Ming Dynasty", was that the Qing Dynasty demanded that Korea must send troops to assist in the attack on Daming. As a guarantee of the fulfillment of the treaty, the sons and second sons of the King of Joseon, and even the eldest sons of all high-ranking civil and military officials, were held hostage in Shenyang.
The Chongzhen Emperor, who had learned of the Korean rebellion, instead of rebuking him, greatly comforted the Korean envoys who were in Beijing at the time, and rewarded him with some money and cloth, asking him to return and comfort his king. The Ming Dynasty also said very compassionately, "Your country has a period of bitter feelings, and heaven and man learn together", hoping that the DPRK will not be in a hurry and try to do it again.
On the New Year's Day of the Tenth Year of Chongzhen, the Korean monarchs trapped in Namhansanseong did not forget to perform the "Wangque Ceremony" in the direction of Beijing in the west. King Seonjo of Joseon reigned for forty-one years, and he "did not try to sit with his back to the west."
The following year (the eleventh year of Chongzhen, 1638), the Qing Dynasty issued a conscription order, ordering The Joseon Dynasty to send troops to assist in the attack on the Ming Dynasty. When the Dprks received news, instead of saying that the livestock in the country were sick ("the bovine plague started in the middle of the country"), it said that "the roads were muddy and the rivers were overflowing", and all kinds of prevarications were blocked.
The King of Joseon conveyed the edict of the Qing Dynasty to his ministers, but was almost opposed by the Manchu Dynasty. The military generals who were recruited to go out on the expedition either simply said that they were sick or deliberately quarreled with the deputy generals, on the grounds that the generals were lost. The civil officials said that during the Japanese invasion during the Wanli Dynasty, it was emperor Shinjong of Daming who generously came to the rescue, and the people of Korea were saved, and now, although they are poor and unlucky, how can they bear to attack the country of their parents "with the country recreated by Emperor Shinjong and the people who live with Emperor Shinjong".
Even when it had to send troops, the North Korean side did everything in its power to make non-violent and non-cooperative efforts.
At that time, according to the covenant of Namhansanseong, Korea had to pay tribute to the Qing Dynasty every year. These gongmi were a very considerable wealth for the Qing Dynasty, which had long suffered from the Policy of The Great Ming Dynasty. However, on the not-so-long journey from North Korea to Liaodong, the probability of traffic accidents on North Korean grain ships is alarmingly high. For example, at the beginning of the thirteenth year of Chongzhen (1640), when the Battle of Songjin broke out in the Ming and Qing dynasties, Korea was forced to send 10,000 stones of grain to supply the Qing army. Unfortunately, first a part of the fleet encountered pirates dressed in black, plundering the food they carried, and then the fleet encountered serious natural disasters, either "defeated by the wind" or drifted one after another. In the final inventory, 9367 stones of grain could not be successfully transported, which is the most tragic page in the history of human transportation. (Liu Jiaju, "The Beginning and End of the Ming Dynasty in Korea in the Early Qing Dynasty," p. 365)
On the battlefield, the actual person responsible for "aiding Qing Zhengming" was the famous Korean general and jiedushi Lin Qingye.
Lin Qingye came from a humble background and became a general by his own efforts, and when the Bingzi Rebellion broke out, it is said that he had already learned of the Qing army's dispatch through reconnaissance intelligence, but because his superior, Marshal Du, concealed it himself, he did not spread the news to Seoul in time. When the Bing Zi broke out, there were only eight hundred old and weak men and women in Baima Mountain City, so he ordered the defenders to each hold three torches, and made many puppets with banners as suspect soldiers, and then sent people to carry wine, fish and meat to treat the Qing army, falsely claiming that there were tens of thousands of elite soldiers, and saying that there were fresh fish in winter because there was a deep moat (in fact, it was a large pond for fish farming that he had previously dug), and the Qing army gave up attacking Baima Mountain City.
Lin Qingye was a legendary Korean general in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, whose deeds are rarely known in China. The picture shows Lin Qingye in Han's pen
After the Outbreak of the Battle of Songjin, Lin Qingye, as a Marshal of Korea, was asked by the Qing court to attack Lushun. This time, there was bad weather again, and Lin Qingye's ship traveled very slowly. Moreover, 63 of the 115 ships of the North Korean fleet lost contact with each other due to various natural disasters on the way. Among them, 3 ships were the most unfortunate, blown by the wind to Dengzhou, Shandong, and under the "torture" of the Ming army, they gave up the Qing dynasty's battle plan.
On June 12 of that year, the North Korean fleet encountered the Ming ship at Xiongyue North Xintai, AndeLin Kyung-ye responded passively and ordered to release empty cannons and arrows without arrows, so the two sides seemed to be fiercely engaged, but the losses were small, and only 8 North Korean soldiers were killed and 12 wounded.
Soon, Lin Qingye's fleet arrived in Gaizhou and stopped advancing. Emperor Taiji ordered Xifu, Fan Wencheng, and others to rebuke Lin Qingye and order him to continue to advance, but Lin Qingye still refused and requested that the army be transported by land. Huang Taiji received a report that North Korea was conspiring with Ming, but Azig interceded for North Korea, so Huang Taiji did not pursue it. Emperor Taiji then left Lin Qingye and 1,500 others to transport grain overland, while Li Huan led the rest of the North Koreans back. After that, Lin Qingye accompanied the Qing army to the Jinzhou front, but did not engage the Ming army.
However, another Korean musketeer was recruited to the Songjin battlefield and had to engage the Ming army. The Koreans performed very well, and Qing officers reported to Emperor Taiji that they had severely damaged the Ming army, and this achievement was later recorded in the Korean history books.
In fact, before that, Lin Qingye had already begun to communicate with the military authorities of The Ming Dynasty and even the central imperial court. Lin Qingye sent a Korean monk who was good at Chinese (the law number was dude, and it is said that he was actually a spy sent by the Ming army to Korea) to and from Liaodong three times to secretly communicate with the Jiliao governor Hong Chengyu, and at one point he also arrived in Beijing, where he was rewarded by the Chongzhen Emperor. Lin Qingye also organized a secret assassination plan, assigning his retired soldier Cui Xiaoyi to recruit Lux and plot to assassinate Emperor Taiji in Shenyang to report to the Ming Chamber.
Lin Qingye
Behind Lin Qingye is the support of all Korean subjects from the king down. On the one hand, it is a state of parents with the same clothes and the same words, and the righteousness of big characters and small characters and "the grace of reconstruction" in the past three hundred years; on the other hand, it is the rape and enemy who is easy to obey and brings the shame of national shame to the country -- the whole country of Korea has only a strategic positive and steady distinction, and there is no other way to oppose the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty. In Korea, "grace of reconstruction" is almost a proper noun, referring to the historical events of the Wanli Emperor who helped Korea defend itself against Japanese invasions in the 1590s.
An ordinary Korean soldier, Li Shilong, deliberately removed the projectiles of the bird in the battle against the Ming Dynasty, and when the Qing Dynasty rebuked him, he replied, "How dare the imperial (referring to the Ming Dynasty)'s parents shoot at me" and was eventually killed. The righteous soldier Cui Xiaoyi directly declared, "The country wants to sneak through the Central Plains, and the three princes and six secretaries all have this intention."
Even Shen Jiyuan, a Confucian minister who was in a high position at the time as deputy chancellor (deliberating on the government's left government), felt that the king's attitude between the Ming and Qing dynasties was too ambiguous, and planned to launch a palace coup and establish a new monarch. In 1644 (the seventeenth year of Chongzhen Jiashen), the Chongzhen Emperor martyred himself in Beijing, the Qing army entered the customs, and the Ming Dynasty's rule in the whole country ended. A month later, the news reached North Korea, and these "people who live as Emperor Shinjong", even if their social status is low, are "and when they hear this report, although they are lowly in public opinion, they are shocked and weep."
After Hong Chengyu surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, he even confessed lin Qingye's secret passage to the Central Plains, and soon Li Yan, the envoy of the North Korean Xuanchuan Province, also sent Cui Mingji and Lin Qingye to smuggle the Ming Dynasty and entrust it.
In October, the emperor was so angry that he wrote a letter to Korea and handed over Choi Ming-ji and Lin Qingye.
In November, Lin Qingye escaped while traveling to Jinjiaoyi on Hwanghae Province. He first cut his hair as a monk at Jungyeon-ji Temple in Yangju, Gyeonggi Province, and then, with the help of the shipping merchant Li Wujin, whom he had known earlier, hijacked a grain ship and forced it to sail to Dengzhou to defect to the Ming Dynasty. Encountering a storm on the way, drifting to Wudi, Shandong, Lin Qingye and others were caught as spies and imprisoned.
In September of the following year, a Korean, Choe Ying-lung, who had been captured by the Ming army, confessed that Lin Qingye's real purpose was to oppose the Qing dynasty and surrender to the Ming Dynasty, and Lin Qingye was released to join the Ming general Huang Wei in Dengzhou, officially becoming a member of the Ming generals. Because of his success in appeasing the local bandits and gaining the appreciation of Huang Wei, he began to discuss how to defeat the Qing army and recover Liaodong and Korea.
During this period, Lin Qingye's wife Li Shi was arrested and sent to Shengjing, saying: "Since my husband is a loyal subject of Daming, I must not be a loyal servant's wife, so why should I endure humiliation in inuyasha to defile my husband's festival?" "Then he committed suicide with a knife.
According to legend, the Chongzhen Emperor also awarded Lin Qingye the title of deputy commander-in-chief.
After the Qing army entered the customs, Shandong was destroyed, and Lin Qingye heard that King Fu was proclaimed emperor in Nanjing, and once again planned to go south and continue to participate in the resistance to the Qing, but his subordinates defected and betrayed him, and were dismissed by the Qing court to Beijing. In the end, the Qing Dynasty murdered Lin Qingye at the hands of the pro-Qing faction of The Dprk, which also made Lin Qingye gain the reputation of "Yue Fei of Korea".
However, his name is really little known in China.
The previously mentioned righteous soldier Cui Xiaoyi was also arrested by the Qing court after the deeds of Tongming were revealed. He first went to Dengzhou, then to Liaohai, and finally to Wu Sangui's command in Ningyuan. Wu Sangui surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and Cui Xiaoyi followed him to Beijing, but "did not go to the court, did not have a haircut", and died of hunger strike for ten days next to the Chongzhen Emperor's Siling Tomb.
During the reign of Emperor Suzong of Joseon, Lin Qingye's son Lin Chong-bo was his father, and Sujong said that he had read the interrogation records at that time, found Lin Qingye innocent, and rehabilitated him, and gave him the title of "Zhongzong" in the forty-fifth year of Kangxi (1706, the thirty-second year of Emperor Suzong of Joseon).