preface
When the ancients discussed poetry, they always believed that Tang poetry was the peak of poetry.
For Song poetry, its attention is often not as good as Song poetry. The saying of Tang poetry and Song ci has made many people mistakenly think that Song poetry is inferior to Song ci. In fact, the achievements of Song poetry are also very high, but because of the saying that "one generation has a generation of literature", it is only obscured by Song poetry.
Mr. Chen Yan (1856~1937) believes that there are three peaks in the development of poetry, that is, the so-called three-yuan era: the Kaiyuan and Yuanhe of the Tang Dynasty, and the Yuanyou of the Song Dynasty. In all three eras, there were great poets and works.
First, shangyuan kaiyuan
Du Fu once had a poem:
Recalling the heyday of the kaiyuan in the past, Xiaoyi still hides thousands of families. Rice lipid corn white,
Public and private warehouses are abundant. There are no jackals on the roads of Kyushu, and there is no sunrise in Laoji.
Qi Lu Lu car shift, male cultivator female Sang do not lose.
Kaiyuan (713–December 741) was the era name of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang (8 September 685 – 3 May 762).
In 712, Tang Ruizong gave Li Longji the throne, but it did not quell Princess Taiping's desire for power, and the contradiction between the two became more and more intense.
In 713, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang, Li Longji, took the lead in killing Princess Taiping and changed her era name to Kaiyuan. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang successively used Song Jing, Zhang Shu, Han Xiu, Zhang Jiuling and other famous ministers, and the Tang Dynasty gradually entered a prosperous era of more than 30 years.
During this period, there were great poets such as Zhang Jiuling, Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Changling, Gao Shi, Wang Wei, Meng Haoran, Cen Shan, Wang Zhizhuo, Cui Hao, and He Zhizhang.
The representative works of this period, such as Wang Changling's "Furong Lou Send Xin Gradually":
Cold rain and river night into Wu, Pingming sent guests to Chushan Lonely.
Luoyang relatives and friends asked each other, a piece of ice heart in the jade pot.
The Five Extremes are like Wang Zhizhuo's "Climbing the Stork And bird tower":
The day runs by the mountains, and the Yellow River flows into the sea.
Want to go to the next level.
The Seven Laws are like Cui Hao's Yellow Crane Tower:
The people of the past have gone by the Yellow Crane, and the Yellow Crane Tower is empty here.
The yellow crane is gone, and the white clouds are long in the air.
Harukawa calendar Hanyang tree, yerba buena parrot island.
Where is Nippori Pass? The Smoke Wave River is sad.
The five laws are like Li Bai's "Farewell at the Jingmen Gate":
Cross the far outside the Jingmen Gate and come to travel from the Chu Kingdom.
Mountain plains, Jiang Yi Great Storm Current.
The flying mirror under the moon, yunsheng jiehai building.
Still even the hometown water, thousands of miles to send off the boat.
Ancient verses such as Meng Haoran's "Spring Dawn":
Spring sleep is not aware, and birds are smelled everywhere.
The sound of wind and rain at night, how much flowers fall.
Li Bai, who is good at ancient styles, has famous passages that have been passed down through the ages, such as "Shu Dao Difficulty" and "Difficulty in Walking".
Tang poetry is often divided into four eras, the early sheng, the middle and late tang, which refers to the fourteenth year of the new century to the fourteenth year of Tianbao (713-755). In 755, the famous Anshi Rebellion occurred, and many of the excellent works of the Poets of the Sheng Tang Dynasty were actually written after the Anshi Rebellion, such as the poem Saint Du Fu.
Mr. Chen Yan's so-called Kaiyuan era can be understood in a broad sense as the Sheng Tang Era.
Second, the middle yuan and
Shangyuan Festival, Zhongyuan Festival, and Lower YuanJie are our three traditional festivals, and the day before yesterday was the Zhongyuan Festival (July 15 of the lunar calendar).
Mr. Chen Yan said that the Middle Yuan, that is, the Yuan He era, Yuan He (806 - 820) is the era name of Tang Xianzong Li Chun (778-820). Although this era cannot be compared with Tang Xuanzong's Kaiyuan rule, it is also known as Yuan and Zhongxing.
Unfortunately, in the fifteenth year of Yuan He (820), Tang Xianzong Li Chun murdered the eunuch Chen Hongzhi (一作弘庆) and others. The Tang Dynasty lost the opportunity to revive.
This era belongs to the Middle Tang Dynasty, and the representative poets include Bai Juyi, Yuan Shu, Han Yu, Jia Dao, Liu Zongyuan, Meng Jiao, Li He, Liu Yuxi, Zhang Ji, Wei Yingwu, Li Kun, Zhang Hu, Zhang Yuan, and others.
Seven masterpieces, such as Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night Berth":
The moon is falling and the frost is full of frost, and the river maple fishing fire is sad and sleepy.
Hanshan Temple outside Gusu City, midnight bell to the passenger ship.
Five masterpieces, such as Zhang Hu's "Palace Words":
The homeland is three thousand miles, and the deep palace is twenty years.
A river full of children, two tears fell in front of the king.
Five ancient bodies such as Li Shen's "Mercy Nong":
At noon on the day of hoeing, sweat drops fall into the soil.
Who knows the plate of Chinese food, the grains are hard.
In order to oppose Tang Xianzong's greeting of the Buddha bone relic, Han Yu was demoted to Chaozhou, and on the way he composed a seven-law poem "Left Move to Languan to Show His Nephew Sun Xiang":
A letter to the Ninth Heaven, the sunset of the Chaoyang Road eight thousand.
In order to eliminate the evils of the saints, Ken will decay and waste his life.
Where is the Yunheng Qinling home? Snow and blue are not moving forward.
Knowing that Ruyuan should be intentional, so as to collect my bones by the river.
Jia Dao has a sentence cloud: two sentences and three years, one groan and two tears. It is said that when he sent his brother, he composed this five-law neck link, "Sending the Invincible":
Gui Feng Ji is new and sends this caotang person.
The tail is the same as the temple, and the singing is temporarily separated from the relatives.
[Alone in the shadow of the pond, counting the edges of the trees].
Eventually there will be smoke and the roof as a close neighbor.
In fact, Bai Juyi and Yuan Shu felt sorry for each other, often exchanging letters and writing poems. For example, Bai Juyi's "Daishu Poems One Hundred Rhymes Send Micro":
Remembering in the age of Zhen Yuan, the first time he ascended to the school [Division].
Received the same name, one word of mind [knowledge]....
Yuan Shu also replied with a poem "One Hundred Rhymes of the Book of the White Scholar of The Reward Hanlin":
In the past, the years were full of endowments, and in the same year, there was a [division].
Eight people called each other, the two counties indiscriminately [know]....
Secondary rhyme refers to the poet's reward for others to compose a poem, using the rhyme foot of the original poem, and the position is unchanged. The five-word arrangement of 100 rhymes has 200 sentences and 1000 words, and Yuan Shu uses the same 100 rhymes to reward Bai Juyi. The two often composed poems in rhyme, which triggered the trend of poets singing and singing.
Long ancient styles, such as Bai Juyi's "Pipa Line" and "Long Hate Song", and Yuan Shu's "Lian Chang Gong Zi" were all written in the Yuan He period.
Third, the next yuan yuanyou
During the northern Song Dynasty, a stele was erected outside the Duanli Gate, known as the Yuanyou Dangren Monument. Three hundred and nine names were inscribed on them, and the officials inscribed with the Party monument were either imprisoned or relegated to distant places, including many who had already died, and their works were burned.
The people whose names were engraved were Sima Guang, Su Shi, Su Rui, Qin Guan, Huang Tingjian, Chao Shuzhi, Zhang Qi.
It can be seen that the Su Shi brothers and his protégés were swept away.
Yuan You (1086-1094) was the first era name of Zhao Xu of the Song Dynasty, during which Wang Anshi's reform failed, the old D, represented by Sima Guang, returned to power, and the Su Shi brothers who opposed the new law were reused.
The Song Dynasty had a famous poetic school known as the Jiangxi Poetry School, and the Jiangxi Poetry School had the saying of one ancestor and three sects, the ancestor was Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty, and the three sects were: Huang Tingjian, Chen Youyi and Chen Shidao. Among them, Huang Tingjian and Chen Shidao are one of the four bachelors of Sumen.
During this period, the seven masterpieces, such as Su Shi's "Title Xi Lin Bi":
Horizontally, it is a peak on the side of the ridge, and the height of the distance is different.
I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain, but I am only in this mountain.
In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1086), the new law was abolished, and the frustrated Wang Anshi died of illness at Jinling Zhongshan. Five words are recorded in one of his "Wing Mei":
There were several plum branches in the corner of the wall, and Ling Han opened it alone.
Haruka is not snow, for there is dark incense to come.
Huang Tingjian composed poems and was known as Su Huang along with Su Shi. His representative works include the Seven Laws of Dengkue:
Idiot but public affairs, fast cabinet things rely on the evening sun.
The sky is vast, and the Chengjiang River is clearly divided.
Zhu Xian has been a beautiful person, and the blue eyes chat because of the wine.
Wanli returned to the ship to get the flute, this heart I and the white gull alliance.
Qin Guan filler words, together with Su Shi is called Su Qin. Of course, Qin Guan is also a master of poetry, and Huang Tingjian once praised his poetry for his speed: waving at guests. Enter a poem of the Five Laws of Qin Guan Reward Mi Fu "Sub-Rhyme Answer Mi YuanZhang":
Hobbies are clear and clear, and there are texts around.
Wave the spring in your hand, the shore is full of clouds.
The flowers and birds are empty of me, and the perch belongs to the king.
But you should read the female lily, almost worthy of Wang Jun.
Female lily, canonically published in the "Liang Shu Wang Yun Biography". Wang Yun pronounced the female 蜺 "蜺" as a slang sound, which became an allusion to the ancients' understanding of sound rhythms.
Conclusion
Chen Yan turned the three peak periods of poetry into the three yuan, that is, the Sheng Tang era represented by Kaiyuan, the Middle Tang Era represented by Yuan He, and the Northern Song Dynasty Su Shi era represented by Yuan You.
It can be seen from the representative poets that the Sheng Tang Dynasty has Li Du, the Middle Tang Dynasty has Yuan Bai, and the Yuan You has Su Huang, all of whom are representative figures of their own times and also representative figures of Tang and Song poetry. It seems that the era is divided because there are great people.
Do you think mr. Chen Yan's view of the three-dimensional era is reasonable?
@Old Street Taste
Is Song Ci a special kind of grammatical poetry? In fact, many words are originally Grammatical poems