On August 11, 1872, the first batch of Chinese students set off for the United States
On this day, 147 years ago, on August 11, 1872 (July 8, 1872 in the lunar calendar), the case of young children in the United States was filed. At the beginning of 1868, Rong Hong proposed his education plan to the Qing Dynasty: to send teenagers to study abroad, first with 120 as experiments, 30 people per year, and 4 years to complete; Limited to male teenagers aged 12-15 years, 15 years of study; In the United States, an international student office was established, and a chief and deputy supervisor was set up to manage the study and life of international students; A certain amount of money is allocated from customs revenue as a fee for international students. This "plan" was supported by Zeng Guofan and Li Hongzhang, and was approved by the Qing government in 1870.
Qing government students to the United States
Today, this seems to be unbelievable, but it was the truth back then. A young child in the United States recalled: "When I was a child, one day an official came to the village and visited the households to see which parents were willing to send their sons abroad for Western education, and the government was responsible for all the expenses. Some people applied, but then the locals spread rumors that western barbarians would peel their sons alive and inoculate them with dog skins, so that the monster exhibition made money, so the applicants withdrew. (Reprinted from Li Changli's Records of Social and Cultural Changes in Modern China, p. 295).
In order to make the Chinese people change their concepts, Rong Hong inspired the villagers with his personal experience of studying in the United States, and found some relatives and friends who were working with foreigners, or compradors who had contact with foreigners, and returned to his hometown to mobilize his relatives to study abroad.
On August 11, 1891, Zhang Zizhong, a patriotic general of the Kuomintang and a famous anti-Japanese general, was born
On 128 years ago today, on August 11, 1891 (July 7, 1891 in the lunar calendar), Zhang Zizhong, a patriotic general of the Kuomintang and a famous anti-Japanese general, was born.
Zhang Zizhong (1891-1940) Han Chinese, Zi Xingchen, Shandong Linqing people, anti-Japanese general. In 1911, he secretly joined the League while studying at the Tianjin Law and Politics School. In 1914 he threw pen from Rong. In 1917, he joined Feng Yuxiang's department and successively served as battalion commander, regiment commander, brigade commander, and division commander. After the Battle of the Central Plains in 1930, Feng Yuxiang's military clique was disintegrated, and Zhang Zizhong's troops were absorbed by Chiang Kai-shek. After 1931, Zhang Zizhong served as commander of the 38th Division of the 29th Army, commander of the 59th Army, commander-in-chief of the 33rd Army and commander of the Right Wing Corps of the 5th Theater. In 1937, after the fall of Shanghai and Nanjing, the Japanese invaders pointed their troops directly at Xuzhou, aiming to seize this strategic place. In March 1938, the Japanese army invested 70,000 or 80,000 troops and marched in two ways to Taierzhuang, northeast of Xuzhou. When they arrived in Linyi and Tengxian, fierce battles fought with the Chinese army.
At that time, Linyi was guarded by Pang Bingxun's Third Army. Due to the disparity in strength and heavy casualties, PangBu was anxious for reinforcements. Zhang Zizhongfeng commanded the Fifty-ninth Army to arrive in time for reinforcements at a speed of 180 miles a day and night. Zhang Zizhong and Pang Bingxun were originally feuds, but he put the interests of the state and the nation first, discarded his personal grievances, and led his troops to fight with PangBu. Under the cover of aircraft artillery, the enemy cooperated with tanks and armored vehicles to attack the tea hill position. Zhang Zizhong, with the determination to "kill the enemy to the death" and "repay the motherland in case," fought fiercely with the enemy and repeatedly engaged in hand-to-hand combat. At the head of the cliff under the Tea Mountain, the Position of Liujiahu Lake was lost and recovered three or four times, and the battle situation was extremely tragic. After several days of fighting, the enemy was severely damaged and gradually defeated. The Chinese army successively recaptured Mengyin and Moss Counties, annihilating more than 4,000 enemy troops. Soon, the Japanese army sent Sakamoto's brigade to launch an offensive against Linyi and Sanguan temples, in a vain attempt to make a breakthrough. Zhang Zizhong and Pang Bingxun's two armies fought hard, and after a fierce battle throughout the night, the Japanese army suffered a heavy blow, and its strategic attempt to reinforce the taierzhuang front was completely crushed, ensuring the victory of the Taierzhuang Battle.
Patriotic General Zhang Zizhong Patriotic General Zhang Zizhong
In May 1940, the Japanese army launched the Battle of Zaoyi in order to control the traffic on the Yangtze River, cut off the transportation line to Chongqing, and form a 300,000-strong army. At that time, only two regiments of the Chinese Army's 33rd Army were stationed on the west bank of the Xiang River. Zhang Zizhong, as the commander-in-chief of the group army, could have not personally led the troops to attack the battle, but he insisted on being left behind by the deputy commander-in-chief despite the repeated persuasion of his subordinates, and zhang Zizhong led more than 2,000 people to cross the Xiang River in the east, and then attacked bravely all the way, cutting off the Japanese 13th Division. The Japanese then encircled and attacked Zhang Zizhong's troops with superior forces. Zhang Zizhong did not flinch, commanding his troops to charge and kill more than a dozen enemies who were twice as numerous as they were. The Japanese suffered heavy casualties. On May 15, more than 10,000 Japanese troops attacked the troops led by Zhang Zizhong in two directions, north and south. After fierce fighting until the dawn of the Buddha on the 16th, Zhang Zizhong's troops were forced to retreat into the Pumpkin Shop Ten Mile Long Mountain. The Japanese, under the cover of aircraft artillery, launched an onslaught on the positions of the Chinese army. Nine charge attempts were launched in one day and night. The casualties of Zhang Zizhong's troops rose sharply, and the battle was unprecedentedly fierce. Zhang Zizhong was hit by a machine gun bullet again in the waist, and he lay on the ground and fought bloodily and finally died heroically.
On this day, 107 years ago, on August 11, 1912 (June 29, 1912 in the lunar calendar), the Kuomintang was founded.
On August 11, 1912, five political groups, namely the League, the United Republican Party, the Kuomintang, the National Progressive Association, and the Republican Progressive Association, gathered at the Anqing Guild Hall in Beijing to reach an agreement on merging into the Kuomintang. On the 13th, a declaration was issued saying: "In the republican system, the people are the main body of the country, and our people do not forget their righteousness, so they are called the Kuomintang." ”
At 1 p.m. on the 25th, the inaugural meeting of the Kuomintang was held at the Huguang Guild Hall, presided over by Sun Yat-sen, who had just arrived in Beijing yesterday. The congress adopted the "Declaration of the Kuomintang's Political Opinions" and its political program. The declaration advocates that "the rise of a political party in one country should only be faced by two parties, and it is not appropriate for small parties to be separated." The political platform consists of five items: (1) promote political unification. (2) Develop local self-government. (3) Ethnic assimilation. (4) Pay attention to people's livelihood policies. (5) Maintenance of international peace. The platform deletes the League's programs of "equal land rights" and "equal rights for men and women", and replaces "striving for international equality" with "maintaining international peace".
Sun Yat-sen
The meeting elected 9 people, including Sun Yat-sen, Huang Xing, and Song Jiaoren, as directors, and 30 people, including Yan Xishan, Zhang Ji, Li Liejun, and Hu Ying, as senators. After the founding of the Kuomintang, it was the largest party in the country.
On August 11, 1945, the Eighth Route Army launched a comprehensive counteroffensive against the Japanese army
On 74 years ago today, on August 11, 1945 (July 4, 1945 in the lunar calendar), the Eighth Route Army launched a full-scale counteroffensive against the Japanese army.
In August 1945, the units of the Eighth Route Army carried out the orders of Commander-in-Chief Zhu De and began a comprehensive counteroffensive. The Jin-Cha-Ji Liberated Area was tasked with recovering the eastern section of Pingsui Road, the northern section of Pinghan and Jinpu Roads, the southern section of Beining Road and the vast area around it, and attacking the vicinity of major cities such as Beiping, Tianjin, Baoding, Zhangjiakou, and Shijiazhuang. The Jin-Cha-Ji troops liberated the entire territory of Chahar Province and Rehe Province, as well as a number of other large, medium, and small cities, and the soldiers and civilians of the Jin-Ji Luyu Liberated Area attacked pinghan and along the Tongpu Road, recovered more than 30 county seats, approached Kaifeng, Xinxiang, and other places, launched an attack on the Japanese puppet army that refused to surrender, and liberated the areas along the Yellow River.
The Jin Sui army divided the northern and southern fronts for counteroffensive, the northern front occupied the enemy and pseudo-strongholds around Guisui, and the southern front took Taiyuan as the center of the attack, launched an attack on both sides of the Tongpu Road, and liberated suiyuan and a vast area of Shanxi. The troops of the Shandong Military Region formed a five-way army to counterattack, annihilated more than 60,000 Japanese puppet troops, liberated 100 of Shandong's 108 counties, and connected the liberated areas in Shandong.
The Central Committee and the Yan'an Headquarters also drew a large number of main forces from Jinsui, Chabei, Shandong, Jireliao, and other units into the northeast to fight together with the Soviet Red Army.
August 11, 1999 The last total solar eclipse of the 20th century
The last total solar eclipse of the 20th century
On this day, 20 years ago, August 11, 1999 (July 1, 1999 in the lunar calendar), the last total solar eclipse of the 20th century.
On August 11, 1999, some parts of Eurasia saw a magnificent total solar eclipse. This total solar eclipse is the last total solar eclipse of this century and will last about two minutes, and it will begin in the Atlantic Ocean. The shadow of the moon swept across the southwest corner of England, through the English Channel, from Normandy in northern France to the European continent, and then swept through the European countries of Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria; It then crosses the Black Sea into Asia, crosses Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan and India, and finally disappears into the Indian Ocean. The belt is more than 10,000 kilometers long, but only about 100 kilometers wide. In the eclipse zone, a total solar eclipse occurs sequentially from morning to afternoon. The place with the longest duration of a total solar eclipse is near the city of Lemnicu Vâlcea, more than 100 km northwest of the Romanian capital Bucharest, where the total eclipse belt is 112 km wide and at the centerline, the eclipse delay is 2 minutes and 23 seconds.
August 11, 2016 At the Rio Olympics, Ding Ning won the gold medal in women's table tennis
Ding Ning
On August 11, 2016 (July 9, 2016 in the lunar calendar), Ding Ning won the gold medal in women's table tennis at the Rio Olympic Games. The fifth Grand Slam winner in history. In the three or four finals played earlier, "porcelain doll" Fukuhara Ai lost 1-4 to North Korea's dark horse sharpsman Kim Song-il, regretting that he could not win the bronze medal. Ding Ning's victory will become the fifth women's Grand Slam winner in history, and Li Xiaoxia's victory will become the third Olympic women's singles defender after Deng Yaping and Zhang Yining.