Since the beginning of summer, the temperature has continued to rise, mosquito activities have gradually become more frequent, and people working or living in the jungle and working in the farmland are particularly susceptible, often bitten, light local redness, itching, and even life-threatening.
Recently, a peasant uncle living in Chancheng District of Foshan City was admitted to the hospital because of a spider bite and almost amputated.
Uncle He is 63 years old this year, this day is braving the heat of farming in the field, suddenly felt that his left wrist is a little itchy, looking down, it turned out to be a thumb-sized black spider bite. Spiders, centipedes and so on are too common in the fields, and Uncle He did not take it seriously, and continued to work after shooting the spider to death.
(The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete)
Uncle He did not show obvious physical discomfort that day, but the next day he found that his head was a little dizzy, and the part of the bite was swollen to twice the original. The family realized that something was wrong and quickly sent Uncle He to the hospital.
When he was sent to the hospital, although Uncle He was still conscious, his blood pressure and blood oxygen were already low, and his condition developed very rapidly, and even began to appear organ failure, and he was immediately sent to the ICU (intensive care unit) for treatment.
(The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete)
The spider that bites Uncle He is more toxic and has damage to nerves, and if he is sent to the hospital a little later, Uncle He is likely to need amputation and will be life-threatening.
After the treatment of medical staff, Uncle He has been out of danger and transferred to the general ward.
In fact, many people are like Uncle He now, thinking that being bitten by mosquitoes is not a big deal, and if you don't pay attention to it and don't deal with it, it is easy to endanger your health.
So what should I do if I am bitten by a poisonous insect? How can this be avoided? Let's take a look.
What are the dangers of being bitten by mosquitoes?
- allergic
Although most of the mosquitoes around them do not have a deadly toxin, they still have some skin allergy symptoms after being bitten, such as local redness, swelling, itching, exudation, etc. This is because the saliva of mosquitoes contains allogeneic proteins that cannot be recognized by the body's own immune system, and the acidity and alkalinity are different, with a certain irritation. Therefore, after being bitten, there will be different degrees of skin symptoms, most of which are not very serious, and may resolve on their own after a period of time.
(The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete)
It is precisely because most mosquito bites are not very serious that people ignore the serious consequences that mosquito bites can cause.
- poisoning
Some insect saliva contains toxins, which currently mainly include neurotoxins, necrotic toxins, mixed toxins and so on. Neurotoxins, as the name suggests, can have an impact on the body's nerves, causing hyperpolarization of muscles and autonomic excitement. Typical neurotoxin spiders include the Black Widow spider, the Sydney funnel web spider, and the burrowing tarantula.
(The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete)
Necrotoxin refers to the ability to cause human tissue dissolution necrosis, also known as tissue lysis toxin, patients will have symptoms such as herpes, rash, pain and other symptoms in the early stage, if not treated in time, it will also cause serious problems such as hemolysis and kidney failure, which is life-threatening. Such spiders include the brown hermit spider, the Southern Otaland Map poisonous spider, and so on.
Mixed toxins can cause both nerve damage and tissue dissolution.
- infect
Allergies and poisoning may cause skin damage, and if there is no proper care or the wound is contaminated and the self-resistance is poor, it may lead to secondary infection.
Some people may think that wound infection is not a big problem, but in fact, small infections may also develop into serious diseases, such as cellulitis, sepsis, sepsis and so on.
(The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete)
In addition to infection with common pathogens, mosquito bites can also transmit diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, and Japanese meningitis.
How can I give first aid if I get a poisonous insect or snake bite?
First of all, we must maintain our composure, get out of the dangerous environment in time, and avoid being bitten again. If poisonous insects and snakes can be killed, their corpses should be retained so that doctors can identify the types of poisonous insects and snakes and choose appropriate detoxification methods. If you can't control the worm and snake, try to remember its appearance characteristics and inform the doctor when you go to the doctor. It would be better if you could take pictures with your phone or camera.
(The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete)
In the case that it is not certain whether the worm and snake are poisonous, first aid is required, and a cloth strip can be tied to the position near the heart of the wound, which can delay the spread of toxicity and improve the chance of survival. However, it is necessary to remove the cloth strip regularly to avoid affecting blood circulation and causing limb necrosis.
The second is to treat the wound. If possible, the wound can be rinsed with water and saline to remove part of the venom and reduce the absorption of it by the tissues. If iodine or alcohol is available, the wound can also be simply disinfected to prevent infection. When the wound is painful and itchy, it should not be touched casually.
(The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete)
If the sialic acid alkalinity of the insect snake can be determined, the wound can also be cleaned with an acidic solution or an alkaline solution, which can neutralize the toxin to a certain extent and reduce the discomfort.
In addition, try to avoid exercise. If you are bitten in the wild, you should avoid walking around and exercising vigorously in the case of being able to contact rescue, otherwise it will lead to an increase in the speed of blood circulation and make the toxin spread more rapidly.
Those who have the conditions for immediate medical treatment need to go to the hospital in time, do not hold a fluke mentality, and avoid delaying the condition.
If it is determined that the worm and snake are non-venomous, but the wound is relatively deep, in addition to treating the wound, it is necessary to vaccinate tetanus within 24 hours to avoid infection with Clostridium tetanus. Tetanus is not yet a good treatment, the mortality rate is very high, so we must pay attention to the prevention of the disease.
(The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete)
In addition, some insect bites have corresponding treatment methods, such as after being stung by bees, it is necessary to remove the poisonous needles remaining in the skin in time with forceps, and you can also rinse the wound with alkaline liquids such as soapy water and baking soda.
If it is bitten by a tick, you cannot use your hands to pull the tick's body hard, and those who have alcohol can spray the part with alcohol to numb and loosen their mouths. If you don't have alcohol, you can find the tick's mouth first, and then pinch it with forceps to remove it.
(The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete)
How to prevent mosquito bites?
Make good use of clothing to cover up. If you want to go to a place with more grass and trees, you should wear long clothes and trousers, and the thickness is moderate, not too close-fitting, and the cuffs and pants should be tied up to prevent most mosquito bites.
Hats, scarves, gloves, goggles, etc., are also indispensable protective gear.
Carry items that have repellent and insecticidal effects. The pungent odor in plants such as wormwood and peppermint can repel some mosquitoes. If you live in an environment with a lot of mosquitoes, you can cultivate these plants at home.
(The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete)
If you need to work in the jungle, it is recommended to carry a mosquito repellent containing a certain concentration of DEET, which can effectively prevent mosquito bites. It can also carry pyrethroids, mineral oil emulsions, etc. to contact insecticides, which can corrode the waxy layer of insect bodies, or block valves and kill pests.
(The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete)
Reduce odor. Smell is one of the main reasons for attracting mosquitoes, including their own sweat smell, the smell of domestic garbage, the aroma of food, etc., so we need to pay attention to personal hygiene, and if possible, we need to take a bath frequently and change clean clothes. If there is no condition to take a bath and change clothes, pay attention to covering your own smell. Household garbage should be cleaned up in time, and do not eat food with too much smell in the wild.
(The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete)
Many cosmetics, hair gels and other products contain a kind of stearic acid, which has a certain attraction to mosquitoes, so try to avoid applying cosmetics and hair gel when outdoor activities.
The above measures can prevent mosquito bites to a certain extent, but they cannot completely avoid being bitten, and everyone should be mentally prepared.
If it is a long-term population living in the wild and jungle, you should pay attention to and understand the local ecological structure and the mosquitoes and snake species that often appear. If there are no toxic varieties, just carry basic insect repellent and dress well.
(The picture comes from the Internet, if there is infringement, please contact to delete)
However, if the local poisonous insects and poisonous snakes need to carry the corresponding detoxification drugs, and remember the appearance characteristics of the poisonous insects, if they are accidentally bitten, they can also carry out simple first aid measures in a short period of time.
Write at the end
Mosquito bites may seem like a small thing, but they can also cause big problems, especially after being bitten by unknown bugs, I hope that everyone can pay attention to it and protect their own safety.
Thanks for reading! If you have any views on this article, you can leave a message in the comment area to discuss, if this article is helpful to you, you are also welcome to like and forward it for more people to see.
Bibliography:
[1] "Man is bitten by a spider, and multiple organ failure enters the ICU!" Doctor: If not treated in time, you may have to amputate your limb" Guangming Network 2022.07.19
【2】Spider Bite Diagnosis and Treatment Code 2021 Edition
[3] "How to prevent mosquito bites outdoors" Juyou Network 2020.09.06