Zhu Min (daughter of Marshal Zhu De)
In the book "My Father - Zhu De", Zhu Min wrote:
"I love Daddy deeply because he is a relative. I complain about Daddy because he's a great man. ”
For her father, Zhu Min has love and resentment, but for her mother, Zhu Min is more resentful than loving, she said:
"I tasted resentment against my mother."
Why does Zhu Min have a different attitude towards her father and mother?
In fact, this all stems from Zhu Min's bumpy and difficult life, as Zhu De's daughter, she has not enjoyed the preferential treatment brought by her identity, and even the family affection is only experienced after the victory of the revolution.
So much so that when her life was in danger, Jude made an exception to use privileges.
Afterwards, Zhu De was full of guilt and self-blame, and wrote a review letter to the party.
"Childhood without parents"
Liu Zheng, Zhu Min, Zhu De, Kang Keqing (from left)
Zhu De had a total of six marriages in his life, in addition to joining hands with his last wife Kang Keqing to grow old, Zhu De's first five marriages were not smooth, leaving only a pair of children Zhu Qi and Zhu Min.
Zhu Min was born to his fourth wife, He Zhihua, a teacher at a girls' high school in Kaijiang County, Sichuan Province, who was known as "the best of Kaijiang" because of his outstanding appearance and tall figure.
Yang Zilie once described He Zhihua's beauty in "The Past Is Like Smoke": "She was indeed born enchanting, willow eyebrows and apricot eyes, smiling in anger, seeing joy in sorrow, seeing senior responsible persons, hot like a ball of fire." ”
The marriage of He Zhihua and Zhu De was destined to be a fruitless encounter.
In 1922, Jude needed to go to Germany to study marxist truths because of the changing situation.
At the age of 19, He Zhihua was desperate to follow in Zhu De's footsteps.
At this time, Zhu De was 36 years old, and he hesitated in the face of he Zhihua, who was like a jade flower, and he thought that he should not delay He Zhihua's good years, but He Zhihua's poor pursuit finally touched him, and the two married in a foreign country.
He Zhihua (former wife of Comrade Zhu De)
At first, Because of Zhu De's revolutionary cause, He Zhihua was also a young woman with lofty ambitions.
But not long after, He Zhihua found that Zhu De was honest and only threw herself into the revolution, which made her feel that life lacked interest and had no romance at all, and she gradually developed a dislike for Zhu De.
In July 1925, Zhu De was arrested and imprisoned for frequent revolutionary activities, when He Zhihua was pregnant with Liujia, and three days later Zhu De was released, but the German government expelled them.
As a last resort, Zhu De took He Zhihua to the Soviet Union to carry out revolutionary work, and Zhu Min was born in the Soviet Union.
When Zhu Min was born, Zhu De was exactly 40 years old, and in the face of his pink and soft daughter, Zhu De's heart rose with infinite love, so he named his daughter "Forty".
For this name, He Zhihua expressed deep resentment, she felt that it was too old-fashioned to be worthy of foreign fashion, so she changed the name of her daughter and called it "Fifi".
Jude
In May 1926, Zhu De needed to return to China to do the united front work of the warlord Yang Sen, and considering the difficult environment at home, Zhu De decided to let He Zhihua and his daughter stay abroad and leave them with sufficient living expenses and materials.
But what Zhu De did not expect was that He Zhihua had already given birth to the heart of separation, and she was even more reluctant to live a hard life with him in China, and she longed for a free, open, and drunken life abroad.
Therefore, shortly after Zhu De's return to China, He Zhihua asked his sister to take her daughter back to Chengdu, Sichuan Province, and raise her with her mother, while she fell in love and fell in love with a college youth named He Jiaxing.
Without the "bondage" of his daughter, He Zhihua had long forgotten the duty of a mother, and even more forgot his revolutionary oath, and his admiration for Zhu De was reduced to ashes, and her husband and wife relationship with Zhu De was declared over.
In the face of He Zhihua's departure, Zhu De chose to respect, but the only thing he could not rest assured of was his daughter, but due to the special reasons of his work, Zhu De and his daughter were in the same country, but they did not see each other for a long time.
After a few years of separation, father and daughter met
Since Zhu Min remembered, there has been no father and mother in life.
She was puzzled and had quietly asked her grandmother, but her grandmother ended the question with a sigh.
Until she was 8 years old, the streets of Chengdu were posted with large and small "Zhu Mao" wanted notices, and her grandmother pointed to one of them and told her that "Zhu" was her father, Zhu De.
Mao Zedong (left) and Zhu De (right)
The situation is turbulent, and Rao is a child who understands the meaning of the wanted list.
Since then, Zhu Min has known that her father is engaged in a special job, and her biggest wish is to meet with him.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the relations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party eased somewhat, and at this time, Zhu De had been thinking about his daughter for a long time, and he hoped to take her to his side and raise her personally.
So Zhu De entrusted Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao to help find the whereabouts of their daughter.
After many investigations, Zhou Enlai and his wife found 12-year-old Zhu Min, for various reasons, at that time, "Zhu Feifei" had been renamed "He Feifei".
After grandma knew the intentions of Zhou Enlai and his wife, she was reluctant to take Zhu Min away from her, because Yan'an was too far away, and Grandma was worried that Zhu Min, who was not in good health, could not survive the bumps in the road.
No matter how much persuasion was made, Grandma did not agree to Zhu Min's departure.
In desperation, Zhou Enlai and his wife could only leave with a bust photo of Zhu Min.
Deng Yingchao (left) and Zhou Enlai (right)
Zhu Min's long-awaited father-daughter meeting still failed to materialize, but what she didn't know was that Zhu De regarded that small bust photo as the most precious thing in his heart, and put it on his body all the time.
Time passed quickly, and in the blink of an eye, Zhu Min was 14 years old and became a big girl.
However, the situation changed again, the relations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were tense again, and some agents found out that Zhu De's daughter was living in the He family, and without saying a word, rushed to the He family to arrest the aunt.
In the face of severe torture, the aunt refused to recognize Zhu Min as Zhu De's daughter, insisting that she was her own daughter, and Zhu Min escaped the disaster.
However, the dangerous environment of the He family was not suitable for Zhu Min to stay any longer, and after consultation with the Party Central Committee, Deng Yingchao secretly took her to Yan'an.
Zhu Min did not expect to meet her father under such circumstances.
When she saw Jude standing on the mound, she shouted excitedly, "Daddy! Daddy! Daddy! ”
Upon hearing his daughter's call, Zhu De was excited and immediately stepped forward to hug Zhu Min tightly into his arms.
Zhu De and the Children (Wang Jiaping, Yan'an)
Fourteen years of separation were reunited at this moment, Zhu Min's grievances and sadness instantly turned into surging tears, she wanted to tell her father how much she missed him, but the tears that could not help made Zhu Min cry loudly.
Jude understood his daughter's mood, and he painfully wiped her tears with his hands and apologized to her, telling her that he could not take her with him because of his work.
After coming to Yan'an, Zhu De named his daughter "Zhu Minshu" according to the family tree, which was quiet and graceful, but Zhu De preferred to call his daughter "Zhu Min", simple and generous.
After spending some time with her father, Zhu Sensitive received unprecedented fatherly love, and she could often hear from his father's mouth the funny things about moscow when she was a child, and also saw a photo of her newborn, her father carried it for a long time, and the four corners had been curled.
He became a prisoner of the German army
After spending a Spring Festival in Yan'an, Zhu Min was going to the Soviet Union to study Marxist thought.
The reunion time was short and happy, zhu Min firmly remembered his father's words, "After completing your studies, you will contribute to the revolutionary cause of the motherland!" ”
Zhu Min (middle)
On January 30, 1941, Zhu Min went with other children to the Ivanov International Children's Academy.
Here, Zhu Min uses another name his father gave himself, "Chi Ying", symbolizing the red hero.
In Moscow, the cold weather caused Zhu Min to be unsatisfactory, triggering asthma, and coughing all night long made her unable to sleep.
In order to allow Zhu Min to quickly recover her health, the Children's College sent her to summer camp for treatment.
I thought that after her condition improved, she would be able to devote herself to study, but I did not expect that a sudden war changed Zhu Min's peaceful study life and made her a prisoner of war.
On June 22, 1941, Hitler invaded the Soviet Union with great force and tore up the Soviet-German non-aggression pact.
Hitler was prepared, the unsuspecting Soviet Union was defeated and lost a large area of land, Zhu Min's summer camp happened to be in the occupied zone, and more than two dozen children, including her, became prisoners of the German army and were imprisoned for two years.
In 1943, Zhu Min was escorted by the German army to the Nazi concentration camp in East Prussia, Germany.
In the stuffy tanker car escorted, Zhu Min launched a high fever, even if the burn was painful, Zhu Min also gritted his teeth and persevered, because the German army found out that she would definitely throw her out of the car, and there was only one way to die.
After a week's long journey, Zhu Min survived hard.
However, before entering the camp, every prisoner had to be searched, and the Germans found a Pike pen on Zhu Min, which was given to her by her father and engraved with the word "Jude", fortunately, the Germans did not know Chinese, otherwise they would never have spared such an important person.
In fact, in addition to a Parker pen, Zhu Min also had a Lenin medal, which she took under her tongue and escaped the German search.
Life in the concentration camp can be said to be the nightmare of Zhu Min's life, and she should have indulged in her youth, and in the concentration camp she saw the extinction of human nature and the cruelty of war.
The Germans' hatred of the Jews reached an outrageous level, and Zhu Min saw children of Jewish descent buried alive, their hands broken, and herded into gas chambers to be strangled to death.
In addition, the German army was never soft on prisoners from other countries, as long as they were not careful, they would be abused and beaten, and Zhu Min had to work more than twelve hours a day, did not have enough food to fill the hunger, and could not be cured even of illness.
In order to protect himself, Zhu Min rarely spoke, because of this, he almost lost his language ability.
The hard work of every day made Zhu Min's hands grow thick cocoons, which felt like pokes. Coupled with the consumption of moldy black bread, malnutrition, her hair was widely dropped, and her body did not grow more than a centimeter tall.
After a long period of hard life, Zhu Min suffered from cervical lymph nodes, and his condition became more and more serious because of the friction of his collar.
A German soldier saw Zhu Min's festering neck and took her to the camp's infirmary, and without any anesthesia, directly used a scalpel to cut through the tuberculosis in Zhu Min's neck and forcefully squeezed out the pus and blood.
The whole process hurt Zhu Min thought that she would die, but fortunately she survived, otherwise she would never see her father again, and she would not be able to return to the embrace of the motherland.
Zhu Min's wound was not smeared with any medicine, and within a few days, it began to inflame and drain pus, further enlarging the area of ulceration, so that her neck left a three-centimeter scar.
All this makes Zhu Min feel that she lives in hell, and what she worries most every night is whether she can live until the second night after dawn.
No one knew that Zhu Min was in a Nazi concentration camp in Germany, and everyone thought she had been killed.
Zhu De, who was far away in China, was like a raging fire, but he could not leave everything to go to the Soviet Union to find the whereabouts of his daughter, but Stalin ordered that he must find it city by city, and he must see people die to see corpses.
Restore identity
In 1945, Hitler had already shown defeat, and the Soviet Union counterattacked with unstoppable force.
At this time, the desperate German army wanted to kill all the remaining prisoners in the camp, and the Red Army arrived just in time, so that Zhu Min and other friends could survive.
Zhu Min, who escaped death, could not believe anyone's help, she and her friends fled all the way to the east, escaping during the day and resting at night, so that after a few months of wind and food and sleeping, Zhu Min came to a small town in Poland.
The miserable life made Zhu Min's body unable to support herself any longer, she fell ill in the street, lost contact with her friends, and was sent to a refugee shelter by passers-by.
In the shelter, Zhu Min is still silent, always bowing her head to do her own work, facing the inquiry of others, she is always vigilant, only saying that her name is "Chiying".
Until a new political commissar came to the shelter, he found that Zhu Min was a Chinese, and felt that her identity should not be simple, so he tried his best to investigate.
Unexpectedly, no one in the shelter knew zhu Min's origins, and no one knew whether she still had relatives.
In desperation, the political commissar had to call Zhu Min to the front and patiently ask her name and family background.
At first, Zhu Min told the political commissar that his name was Chi Ying and that her father was an old Chinese medicine doctor who had come to the Soviet Union because he needed to recuperate.
The political commissar knew that Zhu Min was not telling the truth, so he repeatedly communicated with Zhu Min and told her that the War of Resistance was about to be won.
When Zhu Min heard this sentence, he let go of the defense in his heart and told the political commissar that he was the daughter of Marshal Zhu De, Zhu Min!
Jude
After the commissar listened, he shouted a miracle!
Zhu Min's identity is both special and important, and it is indeed a miracle that he has not been discovered by the enemy in such a dangerous situation, and survived.
Subsequently, the political commissar told Zhu Min that the party organization and Stalin were looking for her whereabouts.
In January 1946, Zhu Min, who had experienced countless hardships, did not choose to return to China, so she boarded the train to Moscow and returned to school.
Hearing that Zhu Min was safe and sound, Zhu De's heart that had been suspended for many years finally landed, and he wrote a letter to his daughter with apologies, expressing a strong feeling of longing, and hoping that she could forgive her father's dereliction of duty and let her suffer alone abroad...
Zhu Min did not break down and cry at the concentration camp, but when she read her father's letter, she cried loudly like a little girl on her knees.
During the Great Patriotic War in the Soviet Union, Zhu Min strictly kept secrets, avoided becoming a pawn of fascism, and made important contributions to the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, and the Russian government awarded Zhu Min a commemorative medal signed by Yeltsin to comfort her suffering in the Nazi concentration camps.
Later, Zhu Min has been putting this medal and the Order of Lenin hidden under his tongue on his desk, in order to make himself not forget his original faith and suffering, and better devote himself to study and life.
Zhu Min has always kept his father's words in mind, returned to China after completing his studies, and contributed to the construction and development of the motherland.
So, in less than a year, she mastered all the Russian language and transferred to another school to study secondary school.
In 1949, Zhu Min was admitted to the Lenin Normal University in Moscow, and in 1950, Zhu Min decided to return to China to visit his father during the summer vacation.
Zhu De (left) and daughter Zhu Min (right)
From the moment Zhu Min went abroad, the father and daughter had not seen each other for ten years, and Zhu Min and her father met more about each other and told about the changes in the past ten years.
Zhu Min has been abroad for too long, and she is becoming more and more unfamiliar with Chinese, and when she returns to China to communicate with people, she will often jump out of one or two Sentences of Russian, so her father warned her to strengthen the study of her mother tongue.
In 1950, Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou visited the Soviet Union and sent zhu min to Stalin's villa for a meeting.
Looking at the energetic Zhu Min, Chairman Mao asked, "What kind of work do you want to do in the future?" ”
Zhu Min told the chairman that she wanted to return to China to work in education and become a teacher.
Chairman Mao very much agreed with Zhu Min's idea and told her: "It is very meaningful to be a teacher, and social construction needs a large number of teachers." ”
Use privileges as an exception
In 1953, Zhu Min returned to his homeland and became a professor in the Russian Department of the School of Foreign Languages of Beijing Normal University.
For his daughter's work, Zhu De feels very satisfied and proud, and he feels that his greatest happiness is to see his children start a family in old age.
Soon after joining the work, Zhu Min also formed her own family and gave birth to a cute child, and the 70-year-old Zhu De became a grandfather.
Jude in a group photo with his family
Looking at her elderly father, Zhu Min wanted to live at home for a longer period of time, but Zhu De did not want her daughter to spend too much energy on herself, she hoped that her daughter would focus on her own education, so she "drove" their family to live in the school dormitory.
Zhu Min's family of eight, the dormitory is small and narrow, but she understands her father's good intentions, and she has lived for forty years.
As Zhu De's daughter, Zhu Min never let her father use his privilege to change to a larger residence, nor did he move out of the dormitory, but worked hard and lived seriously like an ordinary person.
In 1965, at the age of 39, Zhu Min went to Wuxiang County, Shanxi Province, to work, and due to the hard work in the concentration camp in his early years, Zhu Min suffered from severe glaucoma and nearly blindness in his right eye.
The working group of Beijing Normal University knew About Zhu Min's physical condition and originally did not agree to her working in Shanxi, but Zhu Min felt that as Zhu De's daughter, she should take the lead and play an exemplary role, and resolutely devote herself to this work despite the opposition of everyone.
Shortly after the founding of New China, all places are waiting for reconstruction, and Wuxiang County is no exception, because it is located in the Taihang Mountains, the roads are winding and twisting, and Rao is a local fellow countryman, and he has to be doubly careful.
One night, Zhu Min walked along the path to the residence, because it was too dark, plus she had glaucoma eyes, Zhu Min could not see clearly, and accidentally fell off the cliff.
Colleagues who lived with him saw that Zhu Min had not returned for a long time, and went out to look for them worriedly, and when Zhu Min was found under the cliff, he was already confused and his breath was weak.
Zhu Min (left) and father Zhu De (right)
The crowd realized that the situation was not good and rushed to the hospital for rescue.
But Wuxiang County is a small place after all, the medical conditions are limited, and the doctor told everyone that Zhu Min must be sent to a large hospital for treatment to survive.
If Zhu Min is taken to the hospital by car, it is expected to take seven to eight hours, and it is likely that Zhu Min will die on the road.
Colleagues thought about it, and in desperation, they could only call Zhu De to explain the situation and ask him for help.
In the middle of the night, Zhu De was just about to fall asleep when he received a call, when he heard that Zhu Min was in danger, the whole person was confused, just when he did not know how to be good, the colleague opened his mouth again, hoping that he could send a helicopter to send Zhu Min to the big hospital for treatment.
This request, Judd hesitated, he fought for half his life, never used any privileges, if he sent a helicopter, it belonged to the category of using privileges.
On the one hand, her daughter who is in danger, on the other hand, she is the trust of the party organization...
Zhu De was embarrassed on both sides, and his colleagues did not hear Zhu De's reply for a long time, and once again told the situation that the situation was urgent, and if he did not treat it in time, Zhu Min was afraid that his life would be in danger!
Jude
After hearing this, Zhu De thought twice and agreed to send a helicopter to Wuxiang County to pick up Zhu Min.
During the waiting time, Jude was very tormented.
Fortunately, the helicopter took only two hours to bring Zhu Min back to Beijing, and Zhu De personally sent his daughter to the big hospital for treatment.
Jiren has his own celestial appearance, and Zhu Min, who has experienced many hardships, saved his life, but his right eye was permanently blind.
The attending doctor told Zhu De that if he came a little later, Zhu Min's life would not be saved.
Jude listened to this and was glad to have made this decision at the last minute, and he did not regret it.
After ensuring that Zhu Min was not in serious trouble, Zhu De wrote a review letter to the Party Central Committee.
After the Party Central Committee learned about the incident, it did not blame Zhu De, but on the contrary, thought that his approach was correct.
epilogue
Marshal Jude
Zhu De, as one of the Ten Marshals, had an iron backbone and a half-life of a horse, and had never used his privileges for his own benefit, the only time for his dying daughter.
Afterwards, he bore his mistakes to the party, which was enough to show his loyalty and rigor.
Taking off the marshal's coat, he is just an old father who is distressed about his daughter, no father can watch his daughter in distress and not save, no matter from which point of view, Jude is a respectable hero.
Although Zhu Min has always been labeled as Zhu De's daughter, she has walked out of the predicament by relying on her own perseverance in that difficult period, indicating that she has a fighting spirit of never accepting defeat and an indelible faith, which is admirable!