The Ming Dynasty (excluding the Southern Ming Dynasty) started from Zhu Xu, the King of Zhou Ding, to Zhu Gong, the King of Zhou Xiao, and ended with thirteen Zhou Kings, two of whom were posthumously. The King of Zhou was from the fifth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, the ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, who was also the half-brother of Zhu Di, the ancestor of Ming Cheng.
Most of the thirteen kings of the Ming Dynasty were very virtuous, especially these representatives, in addition to their virtuousness, also made significant contributions to the country. So who are these people? What are their contributions? What about the outcome of these excellent representatives? Let's get to know them together.
Zhu Xu, King of Zhouding: He was the first King of Zhou in the Ming Dynasty, the fifth son of Zhu Yuanzhang, and the half-brother of Zhu Di. Zhu Xu was born in the 21st year of the Yuan Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang declared himself empress, and initially created him the King of Wu, later the King of Zhou, and Hongwu opened the seal in the fourteenth year.
Zhu Xi had always been interested in medicine, and in the twenty-second year of Hongwu, he was punished by Zhu Yuanzhang to Yunnan for leaving the domain without authorization. At that time, Yunnan was experiencing war, and many people fell ill without treatment, resulting in an outbreak of plague. In the twenty-fourth year of Hongwu, Zhu Yuanzhang allowed Zhu Xu to return to the domain, and Zhu Xu recalled the situation in Yunnan and decided to write a medical book that could be popularized to the common people.
Therefore, Zhu Xu organized many talents in medicine and finally wrote the book "Pocket Fang". The book is divided into 81 courses, such as wind, cold, summer, wet, typhoid fever, malaria, diarrhea, vomiting, diarrhea, cholera, secret knots, cough, etc., and contains 3077 treatment prescriptions for various common diseases. Because "Pocket Square" is easy to carry and easy to understand, it can be described as a copy at that time.
Later, Zhu Yuanzhang died, and the emperor's grandson Zhu Yunjiao took the throne, Zhu Xu was Zhu Di's half-brother, and usually only focused on compiling books, plus at this time, his second son falsely accused him of rebellion in order to seize the throne of King zhou. Therefore, Zhu Yunjiao pushed the boat along the water, set Zhu Xu as the first target of the cutting domain, and abolished him as a Shuren.
It was not until Zhu Di overthrew Zhu Yunjiao and sat on the throne that Zhu Xu's title was restored. After he restored his title, the first thing he did was to collect various plants from the people for research, and finally published the book "Saving the Wilderness Materia Medica" in the fourth year of Yongle.
The book is divided into two volumes, the first and second volumes, recording 414 species of plants, which are divided into: 245 species of grasses, 80 species of wood, 20 species of rice and cereals, 23 species of fruits, and 46 species of vegetables, which are cataloged step by step. Li Lian, an official and scholar of the Ming Dynasty, said in the Preface to "Saving the Wilderness Materia Medica": "Or when encountering the famine years, ask for it according to the map, there are everywhere, there is no difficulty, and those who eat according to the law can survive, and books are also helpful to the people's livelihood." ”
In this life, Zhu Xu has always hoped to contribute to the cause of medicine, and he has also done it. Later, someone falsely accused him of rebellion, and Zhu Xi took the initiative to ask Zhu Di for guilt, but the latter did not pursue him, and afterwards Zhu Xu took the initiative to return the three guards to show his position. In the first year of Hong Xi, Zhu Xi died at the age of 64, with the nickname "Ding".
Zhu Youtuo, King of ZhouXian: He was the eldest son of Zhu Shu (朱橚嫡), and his biological mother was Feng Shi, the daughter of Feng Sheng, the Duke of Song of Ningling County. When Zhu Xu was punished by Zhu Yuanzhang to Yunnan, Zhu Youtuo was only 10 years old and was ordered to take charge of the affairs of the domain. Zhu Yuanzhang also did not expect that this grandson, who was only 10 years old, would manage things in an orderly manner, so at the same time that Zhu Xu was later allowed to return to the domain, Zhu Yuanzhang established Zhu You stewed zhu you as the son of the King of Zhou.
After Zhu Xu's death, Zhu You stewed to seal the King of Zhou, but he also had no intention of participating in the power struggle, but focused on the creation of miscellaneous dramas. Zhu You stew is quite familiar with prostitutes and musicians, so one-third of the works are based on the lives of the two, and he has 31 miscellaneous dramas in existence.
Although zhu you stewed works, there are strong feudal ethical concepts, and the ideas are mediocre and negative. However, it is still undeniable that his works have played a certain role in promoting the southern opera of miscellaneous opera, and his surviving works have important value in the history of opera.
When Zhu Yousheng was concentrating on creating miscellaneous dramas, his two younger brothers repeatedly framed him in an attempt to seize the throne of the King of Zhou, but fortunately they failed. In the fourth year of orthodoxy, Zhu Yousheng died at the age of 60, with the nickname "Xian". Because Zhu You stewed and had no children, after his death, the throne of Zhou was inherited by his fourth brother Zhu Youyao.
It is worth mentioning that before Zhu Youtuo died, he asked Ming Yingzong to spare Princess Gong and six wives from being buried. Originally, Emperor Mingyingzong agreed and gave his order, but by the time the edict arrived, the princess and the six ladies had already been martyred. Later, before his death, Emperor Ming Yingzong completely abolished the cruel burial system.
Zhu Ziyi, king of Zhou: He was the second son of the third King of Zhou, Zhu Youyao, and after Zhu Youyao's death, he was originally the eldest son of Shu, but this eldest son of Shu was good at wine, and later drank to death, and there was no son, so he was attacked by his younger brother Zhu Ziyuan to crown the King of Zhou. Therefore, Zhu Ziyuan was the fifth King of Zhou in the Ming Dynasty.
Zhu Ziyuan was initially crowned King Xu, during which time he was willing to be charitable and charitable, and also opened the "Huimin Shi Pharmacy" to give free medicine to the local people. In order to save more people, he was "personally organizing the planting, cultivation, harvesting, and concoction of medicines to distribute the places needed."
It can be said that Zhu Ziyuan inherited and carried forward the prescription business of his grandfather Zhu Xu, but he focused more on the study of Chinese medicine prescriptions. In this matter, it was strongly supported by Ming Xuanzong and Ming Yingzong. In the first year of Tianshun, Zhu Ziyuan attacked the King of Zhou, and Ming Yingzong issued a holy decree: "(The whole country) kings and palaces take Kaifeng Province as a model and set up a huimin pharmacy. ”
To this end, the imperial court also allocated 200,000 taels of silver to open a training class of "Fang Materia Medica Lecture Hall" in Kaifeng, and trained many outstanding folk doctors. It can be said that Zhu Ziyuan's persistence in the cause of foreign medicine laid a solid foundation for the development of mainland Chinese medicine. Twenty-one years after Chenghua, Zhu Ziyuan died at the age of 62. Emperor Mingxianzong praised Zhu Ziyuan's life with "Demei Benevolence", so he gave the title of "Yi".
King Hui of Zhou, Zhu Tongshu: He was the eldest son of Zhu Zishu, the King of Zhou Yi, and the sixth King of Zhou in the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Tongyi is different from the above Zhou kings, he did not focus on a certain field during his reign, but in another way, let posterity remember him, which is the main reason why the author listed him as "excellent representative of the previous Zhou kings".
Zhu Tongyi was influenced by his father, Zhu Ziyuan, who was kind and charitable, kind and frugal, and advised the government and loved the people. During his reign, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty was Emperor Xiaozong of Ming, Zhu Youzong, and Zhu Tongzong was a contemporary of Emperor Ming's grandfather, Emperor Mingyingzong. Emperor Xiaozong of Ming was also a generous and benevolent emperor, so he had great respect for His grandfather Zhu Tongyi. Emperor Xiaozong of Ming also issued a decree that all the kings of the whole country should learn from the King of Zhou: "The kings of the world take the style of the Kaifeng Zhou King's Palace as a lesson, be honest and diligent in government affairs, and sympathize with the people of Li. ”
When Zhu Tongyi was still the son of the world, he organized the people in the city to fight floods and provide disaster relief, and then mobilized members of the royal family to raise funds to rescue the people. In the second year of Hongzhi, the Mouth of the Yellow River broke through kaifeng, and Zhu Tongyi once again led everyone to fight the flood together, and he himself was tired and fell ill. However, because Zhu Tongyi personally took the lead, the military and civilians in Kaifeng made concerted efforts to eventually rescue hundreds of thousands of people.
Many times in the Yellow River flood relief, resulting in Zhu Tongyi's accumulation of labor and illness, Yu Hongzhi coughed up blood and died in the eleventh year of Hongzhi, at the age of 50. Historical records record: "The court mourned for three days, sent officials to offer sacrifices, the title of 'Hui'; ordered the funeral of Sizhi ru system; empress dowager Shengci Renshou, the empress dowager, the Eastern Palace, and the officials of the Civil and Military Forces in Beijing all went to Fen (Kaifeng) to pay homage." It can be seen that Zhu Tongyi is very loved.
Today, the author mainly introduces these four Zhou kings, the first three are all people who have contributed to medicine, agriculture, miscellaneous dramas, etc., while The King of Zhou Hui, Zhu Tonghui, is a counselor who loves the people and has repeatedly participated in flood relief and disaster relief, which can be said to be dedicated to the people.
Although the successive kings of Zhou are not detailed today, they are almost all virtuous kings, and during their reign, they never forgot to "be loyal to filial piety and wisdom, assist the government and love the people". As we all know, as a member of the royal family, it is difficult not to be corrupted by things such as wealth and power, and slowly become a clumsy disciple, sitting on the mountain and eating the sky. It is very rare to be able to do like the successive Zhou kings of the Ming Dynasty, always maintain their original intentions, even if the wind and rain are fluctuating, still remember to be virtuous and love the people.
(References "History of Ming", "Records of Ming Shilu", "Huangming Zhou Huiwang Yuanzhi", "Genealogy of the Direct Descendants of The King of Daming Zhou")