Ancient Egyptian civilization has a long history and brilliant splendor, and the biggest treasure it has left to the world is the ancient Egyptian pyramids, which are known as one of the seven architectural wonders in human history.
As another of the world's four ancient civilizations, the Chinese civilization, although it was formed slightly later than the ancient Egyptian civilization, it is also brilliant.
Confirmed by the continuous discovery of ancient archaeology, when ancient Egypt formed a unified slave state and built pyramids, Chinese civilization was shining in the night sky of history with the attitude of "three legs standing up" and "a hundred flowers blooming", and many experts sighed: "The old ancestors are really powerful!" ”
In terms of time, Egyptian civilization began some time earlier than China, they began about 3500 BC, the Nile river area appeared one after another slave states, pharaohs, pyramids also came out of time.
However, with the passage of time, about 2500 years BC, the progress rate of Egyptian civilization was much behind that of Chinese civilization.
While the ancient Egyptians were still admiring the "incarnation of the gods" and were still working hard to build the pyramids, our ancestors had entered a more advanced civilization.
First, the ancient Shu civilization
The ancient Shu civilization may not be familiar to many people, but when it comes to the Sanxingdui site, one of the greatest discoveries in the history of Chinese archaeology in the 20th century, it is a household name.
In the summer of 1986, two burial pits that shocked the world were discovered at the Sanxingdui site, and nearly 2,000 cultural relics were excavated, including various gold, bronze, jade, ivory and so on. Among them, the most amazing to experts is the bronze artifacts excavated from Sanxingdui.
At that time, the number of bronzes excavated by experts was so large that it was rare to make them. These bronzes not only show the ancient Shu civilization, which mastered the exquisite bronze smelting and production technology as early as 5,000 years ago, but also reflected the mystery of the ancient Shu civilization, a theocratic civilization with religion as the core.
In addition to bronzes, the excavated cultural relics such as tortoise shells, rice millet, and pottery embody the diligence and wisdom of the ancient Shu people. Compared with the ancient Egyptian pyramids, the great buildings of the ancient Shu civilization in the past have not been preserved in good condition due to factors such as wars and climatic environment, leaving only sporadic ruins and broken walls buried deep underground.
However, the batch of cultural relics excavated from the archaeological excavations at the site can prove that the economic development and cultural prosperity of the ancient Shu state are not inferior to the ancient Egyptian civilization, and the ancient Shu civilization is therefore called the three ancient civilizations of China together with the Chinese civilization and the Liangzhu civilization.
Second, Liangzhu civilization
As one of the three ancient civilizations, the Liangzhu civilization about 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, it is located in Liangzhu Village, a suburb of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, he showed the world that as early as 4000 to 5000 years ago, the Taihu Lake Basin had a developed city-state civilization.
Since 1936, experts have carried out archaeological excavations in the three towns of Yuhang, Nameng kiln, Liangzhu and Anxi, and they have successively excavated many sites where people lived in the Liangzhu period.
Some of these giant sacrificial buildings indicate that the Liangzhu culture has developed to the level of religion and etiquette, and in 2007 experts excavated the ruins of the ancient city of Liangzhu, which is more than 4,000 years old.
The site became the largest urban site of the same period excavated in China, and its significance is no less than the discovery of Yin Ruins. The large number of jade artifacts that appeared in archaeological excavations has become the biggest feature of Liangzhu culture.
The jade excavated from the tomb includes many types of utensils, such as bi, chun, crown, jade bracelet, columnar jade and jade. The appearance of jade as a funerary object and a burial pit indicates that the society of the Liangzhu period has formed a mature burial system.
In addition to jade, Liangzhu has also unearthed many important cultural relics. The emergence of silk products has made the Liangzhu culture the originator of silkworm breeding technology and silk textile technology; the unearthed stone plough stone sickle and indica rice japonica rice prove that the rice farming of the Liangzhu culture is quite advanced; the excavated wood bamboo, pottery and linen textiles show that the level of handicraft industry at that time was also relatively high...
Third, Chinese civilization
The Yellow River is the birthplace of Chinese civilization, known as the cradle of Chinese civilization, in the past 4600 years ago, when the ancient Egyptian civilization flourished and developed, the pyramids were built, as the core of Chinese civilization, the Yellow River region ushered in the "Yellow Emperor".
The Yellow Emperor unified the Huaxia tribe and became the first ruler of the ancient Chinese nation. Together with Emperor Yan, he also defeated the "Xuanyou" tribe, conquered Dongyi and Jiuli, and achieved the feat of unification of China.
As the ancestor of the "descendants of Yan Huang", during the reign of the Yellow Emperor, he spread hundreds of grains of grass and trees, created an advanced system of fields and acres, vigorously developed agriculture, made social agriculture develop rapidly, and solved the food problem of countless people.
The Yellow Emperor also led his people to create writing, which greatly promoted the inheritance and development of Chinese civilization. He also invented the use of cloaks and carriages and horses to solve the problem of people's "clothes line".
In addition, the Yellow Emperor also invented musical instruments, calendars, divination and other cultural things, so that the Chinese tribe "can be full of knowledge of etiquette". It was also under the vigorous efforts of the Yellow Emperor and other Chinese leaders that the first dynasty in Chinese history, the Xia Dynasty, was born.
Archaeologists have excavated traces of ancient Chinese civilization in Yanshi Erlitou, Henan, Luoda Temple in Zhengzhou, Donggangou in Luoyang, Qili Uranium in Shaanxi County, and Xia County in Shanxi.
Jade Gui, Yu Zhang, Yu Chun and Handle-shaped Ornamental Jade objects have been found at the site. These jades are solemn in shape and unique in style, with the unique style of the Xia Dynasty.
In addition to ceremonial jade, the excavated jade also includes symbols of war weapons such as qi, qi, yazhang, knives, ge, spears, etc., which indicates that the weapons production of the Xia Dynasty has begun to take shape and the production level is quite high.
In addition to jade, the excavation of bronzes from 4,000 to 5,000 years ago confirms that the bronze smelting technology of the Xia Dynasty has also begun to bear fruit, the most representative of which is the bronze lord.
The emergence of the bronze jue proves that the Chinese nation had the habit of drinking as early as the Xia Dynasty four or five thousand years ago, and the precious bronze made into a bronze jue reflects the history of the Chinese national wine culture dating back to 5,000 years ago.
Another important discovery of the Xia Dynasty site is related to the dragon culture, and the excavation of a "dragon" shaped turquoise funerary object brings to life the worship of "dragons" during the Xia Dynasty, and whether the dragon is a real animal has become confusing with the excavation of turquoise.
In addition to the three major civilizations of ancient China, other ancient civilizations scattered and scattered are distributed in the north and south of China's great rivers in the form of a hundred flowers. Among them, the most representative are the Hongshan culture and Yangshao culture.
The Hongshan culture has been discovered by archaeologists in yanshan and liaohe river basins, mainly niuheliang in Liaoning, Chahai and Hongshan in Chifeng in Inner Mongolia.
At the Red Mountain ruins, experts have found architectural remains dating back more than 5,000-8,000 years, including temple altars and "pyramid" buildings rich in the characteristics of the Red Mountain culture. Of course, the pyramids of The Red Mountain are much smaller than those of ancient Egypt.
In addition to architectural sites, the most excavated jade in the Hongshan culture, a large number of excavated jade, so that the Hongshan culture and liangzhu culture together are known as the two major jade cultural centers in ancient China.
The Yangshao culture is a Neolithic culture in the Central Plains, about 5000-7000 years of history, distributed in nine provinces and regions of China, the world-famous Banpo site is one of the important sites of yangshao culture.
The Banpo site is located on the east bank of the XunHe River in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, with an area of about 50,000 square meters, and the famous archaeologist Mr. Shi Xingbang conducted five large-scale excavations of the Banpo site from 1954 to 1957.
In the excavation of the site, experts found that the Yangshao culture was conceived by a matriarchal society, and the excavated stone tools and pottery showed the high level of agriculture and fishing and hunting of the Yangshao culture.
Not only that, the patterns on the faience pottery and some ornaments made of stone, shells and bones show the strong aesthetic concepts of the people of the Yangshao period.
In addition, experts have found that people during the Yangshao culture had already cultivated rice and corn, and domesticated and raised animals such as pigs, dogs, sheep and chickens.
Seeing this, I have to sigh again, the old ancestors are really powerful. In this regard, do you know which ancient civilizations were in the same period?