Twenty-four trade winds
Jiang Baobing
"Twenty-four fanhua trade winds" is a common Chinese seasonal term. In ancient times, people chose flowers that bloomed in response to the seasons as a symbol, and used flowers as the messenger of the seasons, so they were called flower letters, and the wind should flower, and there was a "flower trade wind". The Southern Song Dynasty Cheng Dachang also believed: "Flower trade wind: The wind when the flowers bloom in March, the famous flower trade wind." At first, in general, it seems that this wind comes to report the news of flowers. ("Acting Fanlu")
In ancient times, the mainland used five days as a waiting season, and three days as a solar term. Every year, there are 24 seasons in the 8 seasons from small cold to valley rain, and each time there are some kind of flower buds opening, so there is a saying of "24 flower trade winds". Among the plants that bloom in each of the 24 seasons, the plant with the most accurate flowering period is selected as the representative, which is called the flower trade wind in this season. The annual flowers are the first of the trade winds plum blossoms, and the neem flowers are last. After 24 trade winds, summer, which began with Lixia, arrived.
The first flower of Xiaohan is the plum blossom, the plum is the first of the top ten famous flowers in China, and is listed as the "Four Gentlemen" together with orchids, bamboo and chrysanthemums, and is called "Three Friends of the Cold Year" together with pine and bamboo. In the bitter cold, the plum blossoms first, and the spring is unique. The plum blossoms are open in a single flower, and the flowers are nearly perfectly round. The leaves grow after the flowers fall.
Xiaohan's second flower trade wind is a camellia flower, ranking eighth among the top ten traditional flowers in China, and has been a very famous woody flower since ancient times. Camellias are "frost-resistant to snow, green in four seasons, and open in the second month, in February and March". Camellia trees have a colorful canopy, emerald green leaves, and large flowers. There are different degrees of red, purple, white and yellow flowers.
The flower trade winds of the third season of the little cold are daffodils. Narcissus, also known as Chinese daffodils, is a variant of the French multi-flowered daffodil. The petals are mostly 6, and the petals are goose-yellow at the ends. It has a cultivation history of more than 1,000 years and ranks among the top ten famous flowers in China.
The first season of the great cold is the blossoming of ruixiang flowers. Ruixiang flowers are distributed in the provinces and regions south of the Yangtze River Basin, and are also distributed in Japan. Although the flowers are small, they are in clusters, and the floral fragrance is elegant and elegant, and the aroma is long-lasting. The ornamental value is very high, and it is a potted ornamental plant.
The second season of the Great Cold Festival is the orchid, the orchid flower color is light and elegant, the aroma is clear but not turbid. With a simple and quiet, elegant and noble temperament, "plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum" are collectively known as "four gentlemen". It has been cultivated in China for more than 1,000 years.
The third season of the Great Cold flower, the trade wind mountain alum flower, is more abundant in the mountains of Zhejiang. Huang Tingjian's "Two Songs of Mountain Alum Flowers" Preface Yun: "In the south field of Jianghu Lake, there is a small white flower, the wood is several feet high, the spring blossom is extremely fragrant, and the wild man is Zheng Hua." Wang Jinggong often wanted this flower to plant, and wanted to write a poem but leaked its name, and gave it a name to the mountain alum. Wild people pick Zheng flowers to dye yellow, do not borrow alum to make color, so the name of mountain alum. The leaves of "mountain alum flower" are like holly, which is not born in the right knot, and does not wither in winter. ”
The first flower of Lichun is a trade wind spring flower, the flower is single on the branches of the last year, before the leaves bloom, there is a fragrance, golden yellow, the flowering period is 2-4 months. It is named because it blooms first among the hundred flowers, and after the flowers usher in the spring when a hundred flowers bloom. Spring flowers, along with plum blossoms, daffodils and camellias, are collectively known as the "Four Friends in the Snow". Spring flowers have the characteristics of not being afraid of cold, not choosing terroir, and having strong adaptability.
The second flower of Lichun is a cherry blossom, a deciduous tree of the Rosaceae family, born on the slopes of the sun or on the edge of ditches, and is often cultivated. Cherry trees are 2-6 meters tall, the bark is grayish white, the twigs are grayish brown, and the young branches are green. Cherry inflorescences are umbel-shaped or nearly umbel-shaped, with 3-6 flowers, the first leaves open, the flowering period is 3-4 months, and the fruit period is 5-6 months.
LiChun's third flower, The Trade Wind Wangchun Flower, is a deciduous shrub or small tree, native to the central region of the mainland, and is now widely cultivated throughout the country. The flowers bloom in March and April, the flowers are large and gorgeous, the petals are purple on the outside and white or pink on the inside. Wangchun flower trees are highly adaptable, and can be planted in courtyard wilderness and mountain plains.
The first rainflower trade wind is cauliflower, referring to rape flower, which is a cruciferous family, brassica genus, an annual herbaceous plant. Rapeseed flakes are round or ovate, the flowers are yellow, and there are 4 petals. In March and April, the canola stems are slightly flowered. The canola blossoms are golden, making the spring countryside more colorful.
The second season of rainy season trade winds is apricot blossoms. Apricot belongs to the Rosaceae family, apricot blossoms are solitary, five-petaled flowers, the first leaves are open, the petals are white or slightly reddish, and it is a famous ornamental tree in China. The apricot blossoms bloom from March to April, the flower shape is similar to that of peach blossoms and plum blossoms, pure red when it contains buds, gradually fades in color after flowering, and becomes pure white when the flowers fall. In the Chinese tradition, the apricot blossom is the February flower of the twelve flower gods.
The third season of rain festivals is the trade wind of plum flowers. Plum flower is a small deciduous tree of the genus Plum in the family Rosaceae, also known as Jade Plum, known as Jiaqingzi in ancient times. Plum blossoms, that is, the flowers of plum trees, bloom in March in the south and April-May in the north of the Huai River in Qinling Mountains. Plum flower white, although small and luxuriant, plain and fresh. It is loved by people for its white beauty, simple and pure, and aromatic smell.
The trade wind of the first season of the stinging festival is the peach blossom, which is the blooming flower of the peach tree, which belongs to the rosaceae family. Peach blossoms are native to central and northern China and are now widely cultivated in temperate countries and regions around the world. The single flower is open, the petals are slightly pointed, and the leaves grow while flowering.
The trade winds of the second flower are the begonia flowers, which are deciduous shrubs, with emerald green and delicate branches, and golden flowers full of trees, which are unique. It is suitable as a hedge and flower path, and is planted in front of evergreen trees and next to ancient trees. Artificial turf is particularly elegant and wild.
The third flower of the stinging festival, the trade wind rose, is the flower of the deciduous small shrub wild rose, also known as the white residual flower, the thorn, and the smile, which has been a good flower since ancient times. Roses grow in bushes along roadsides, fields or hills, and are distributed in East China, Central and Southern China. There are many colors of rose flowers, including white, light red, dark pink, yellow and so on.
The first flower trade wind of the spring equinox is the begonia flower, which prefers sunshine, is not tolerant of shade, avoids water and moisture, and has strong adaptability to cold and arid climates. Begonia flowers are known as "national beauty" and are endemic to China.
The second flower trade wind of the vernal equinox is the pear blossom, which belongs to the rosaceae family, deciduous trees. Pear trees bloom in spring, and the flowers are white like snowflakes and have a strong fragrance. However, because the pear blossoms are white and the "pear" and "away" are harmonious, the ancients did not plant pear trees in front of the church and in a conspicuous position.
The third flower of the spring equinox, the trade wind magnolia, is a small deciduous tree, native to the mountain forests of the central mainland, mainly planted in Fujian, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang and Anhui. When the magnolia flowers bloom in early spring, they are full of purple-red flowers, which are graceful and unique.
The first flower of the Qingming Festival, the trade wind tung flower, is a paulownia flower. Paulownia blooms in spring, purple and white, is the flower of the Qingming "festival", and cultural customs such as feasting and traveling in the spring during the Qingming festival and ancestor worship constitute the connotation of the image of the tung flower. The scenery of the three springs to the Qingming brilliant to the extreme, but at the same time, the surplus and the number of surpluses, from prosperity to decline, the tung flower has thus become the bearer of two kinds of contradictory interests.
The second flower trade wind of the Qingming Festival is wheat flower, at this time, winter wheat plants bloom. "The shadow of the acacia at the head of the eternal day house, the smell of wheat flowers in the micro fan" is exactly the scene of this season. The flowers of wheat are hermaphroditic, self-pollinating, or cross-pollinated. The wheat flower grows so small that one almost ignores its existence; and it blooms for a short time, withering after only 5-30 minutes of blooming.
The third flower of the Qingming Festival is the willow flower. Willow flowers are the flowers of willow trees, and the flowering period is from March to April. The flowers are unisexual, hermaphroditic; the inflorescences of the inflorescence open or at the same time as the leaves.
Gu Yu's first flower trade wind is peony, "only peony is the true national color, and the blossom season moves the capital." "Peonies are bright in color and have a wide variety of varieties, with yellow, green, flesh red, crimson and silver red as the top products, and yellow and green are especially expensive. Peony flowers are large and fragrant, and are known as "national color heavenly fragrance". At the end of the Qing Dynasty, peony was regarded as the national flower of China. Peony flowers have the meaning of consummation, affection, wealth, grace and luxury.
The second season of gu rain is the trade wind of the dragon. The flowers are densely branched and fragrant, and are the last flowers to bloom in spring, and when they bloom, it means the end of spring. "It's time to bloom to the flowers", after the flowers, the spring is gone. The blossoming of the flowers represents the girl's youth, indicates the end of feelings, and is a sad flower.
"Flower Mirror" Cloud: "There are twenty-four flower trade winds in Jiangnan, with plum blossoms as the head and neem flowers as the end." Neem flowers are the flowers of neem or neem of the neem family, and the flowering period is just at the end of the spring and summer of the lunar calendar, and it is the last flower of the twenty-four flower trade winds.
About the author: Jiang Baobing, Zi Jian Mei, Number Sword Mei Lou Lord, Qingfeng Hall Master. He is a member of the Chinese Essay Literature Association, a member of the Whole Committee of the Dezhou Writers Association, a member of the Dezhou Calligraphers Association, a director of the Yucheng Writers Association, and an editorial board member of Yucheng Literature.
The work "Night Reading Lu Xun" won the second prize of the national "Walking with the Republic, Good Books Grow with Me" Reading essay competition, and "Looking at Social Changes from Dietary Changes" won the first prize of the National Day Essay contest for the 60th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China. "The Green Plane Tree" won the third prize for outstanding literary and artistic works in practicing the core values of socialism. "Growing Up with the Great Motherland" won the first prize of the "Lucky Color Cup, I and New China" with an award for essays. "The Ancient Road of the Yellow River" won the Excellence Award in the Prose Group in the 4th China Xiajin Yuguo Poetry (Prose) Competition.
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