Four Field General Series: He Qing Ji 2
Author: Mast
The Black Mountain Blockade Battle was fought by the Commander of the 10th Column authorized by the Eastern General And commanded the 1st Column and the 3rd Division of the 1st Column and the 1st Inner Mongolia Cavalry Division, and the main commander was Liang Xingchu. He Qingji's 28th Division, as the main force, was placed on the front and served as a blockade task for the core position. It should be said that He Qingji was very outstanding in platooning and commanding the battlefield, and the officers and men of the 28th Division changed their "very tired" and fought resolutely and resolutely, heroically and tenaciously, and justified the heroic unit of the 359th Brigade. This article will talk about these things.
He Qingji
(1) Before the great battle, the division commander inspected the positions on the ground and resolutely adjusted the defensive arrangements
After the Liaoshen Campaign was launched, the 10th Column, which had been waiting for the enemy to lure the enemy in the Western Liaoning Corridor, received a telegram from Lin Luo on October 19, 1948, and entered the "front line of Black Mountain and Dahu Mountain to organize a solid defense to prevent the enemy from fleeing south." After receiving the electricity, the 10th column and other parts quickly moved south.
The 10th Column and the 1st Column 3rd Division and the 1st Inner Mongolia Cavalry Division arrived at the predetermined area early in the morning of the 21st. In the 25-kilometer-wide Western Liaoning Corridor, Liang Xingchu lined up the 10th Column and 3 divisions in a row, placing the 28th Division in the frontal core defensive position, the 29th Division and the 30th Division on the left and right flanks respectively, and ordered the 1st Mongolian Cavalry Division to move to meet the enemy, and the 1st Column and 3rd Division as a reserve.
After receiving the mission, He Qingji focused his defense on the north of the city, with the 82nd Regiment defending the Jianshanzi line on the front, and the other 2 regiments on the right and the second line of defense. After the arrangements were made, the troops immediately entered the position and rushed to repair the fortifications.
That night, He Qingji went to various positions for on-the-spot inspection. After returning to the division headquarters, He Qingji repeatedly considered that the depth of the two defensive lines was 10 kilometers, the gap between the positions was too large, and the allocation of troops was not concentrated enough. If the enemy attacks in multiple ways, as long as one point is broken, the entire defense line will be shaken. In addition, highland 101 in the east of the city is prominently located as the commanding heights of this area, curbing the road to Jinzhou, looking at the county seat of Montenegro, and monitoring the road to Yingkou. Therefore, it is likely that the focus of the enemy's attack was on the east of the city rather than the north of the city.
At this time, many position fortifications had been completed. If the deployment is adjusted, it will cause great trouble to the troops; if it is not adjusted, it will be very unfavorable to defensive operations, and the consequences will be even more serious. To this end, he Qingji, after urgently consulting with the leaders of other divisions, resolved to adjust the deployment: First, to shrink the positions to the south and maintain effective communication between the various positions; second, to adjust the defensive center of gravity to the high ground on the first line of the east of the city; third, to concentrate appropriate troops, and the 82nd Regiment, in addition to leaving 1 company at Jianshanzi as a guard, withdrew the main force to the south to assemble near the highlands east of the city as a reserve for the whole division.
(ii) "We must make sure that the enemy's corpses lie in front of our positions."
The highlands to the east of the city are all stone mountains, and it is impossible to dig traffic trenches and bunkers, so it is only possible to urgently mobilize the local people to pile up fortifications on the surface. Such a defensive position is difficult to resist artillery bombardment, which is very easy to cause major casualties to the defensive troops, and the defense is extremely difficult.
In order to reduce the casualties of the troops, He Qingji demanded that the troops defending the highlands east of the city should not be too dense, should not enter the position prematurely, and should dare to be close to hand-to-hand combat; at the same time, they should keep a sufficient reserve, and once the position is broken, they should take advantage of the enemy's unstable foothold and quickly counterattack.
The above-mentioned deployment adjustment was quickly approved by Liang Xingchu, and the tactical arrangements were also in line with the actual situation on the battlefield. Judging from the subsequent course of the battle, this adjustment was very necessary and timely.
At noon on the 22nd, the commander of "Lin Luo Liu" called the 10th Column again, and after informing the Changchun defenders of their surrender and the Liao Corps' attempt to break through to Jinzhou, ordered the 10th Column to "stubbornly hold, block the enemy, cover the arrival of the main force, and gather and annihilate the advancing enemy."
At 9:00 a.m. on the 23rd, two battalions of the enemy launched an attack on the 28th Division's Jianshanzi alert position. What remained in Jianshanzi was the 7th Company of the 82nd Regiment. Company Commandera Laobao was a veteran Red Army soldier who joined the Army during the Long March of the Red 6th Army in 1935, calmly coped, flexible and mobile, repelled 5 enemy attacks, and was ordered to withdraw from the battle after dark.
The strength of 1 company of our army actually contained the enemy for a whole day (the enemy did not fight at night), which bought valuable preparation time for the entire blockade operation. It can be seen from this that the will to fight and the subjective initiative of officers and men at the grass-roots level are the basic conditions for achieving the objectives of the campaign. At the same time, it can also be seen that the Liao Corps' attack on this day was a bit careless.
That night, Lin Luoliu called the 10th Column again: "I hope that you will strengthen your determination, mobilize in depth, and make sure that the enemy's corpses are scattered in front of our position without any progress." As long as you hold the Black Mountain for three days, the enemy who flees west will be completely annihilated! From the 19th to the 23rd, Dong Zong sent three telegrams, each with heavier wording than the other. From Liang Xingchu to He Qingji, I felt a lot of pressure.
(3) He Qingji commanded well, and the "359 Brigade" was justified in world war I
At 8:00 a.m. on the 24th, the sound of heavy artillery was earth-shattering, and the enemy began an all-out attack. As He Qingji expected, the focus of the enemy's attack was on the 101 heights east of the city. The Battle of Montenegro was one of the four hard battles in the Liaoshen Campaign, and the focus of the two sides was the 101 Heights.
In order to capture the 101st Heights, the enemy army successively used the 207th Division of the Youth Army and the Ace New 6th Army. On the first day, 4 attacks were launched, the second day 6 attacks were launched, and on the morning of the third day 3 attacks were launched 3 times, all of which were continuous attacks. Heights 101 was lost three times in the afternoon of the first and second days and three mornings.
Every time the high ground was lost, He Qingji organized his troops to counterattack immediately, and each time it was repeated charges to retake the position. The 101 Heights were three losses and three recaptures, with the two sides fighting back and forth more than 20 times. Before the position, the enemy army was indeed full of corpses. However, the casualties of our army are also very large.
At the same time, the competition for other defensive positions of the 28th Division was also fierce.
In order to command from the front, He Qingji led staff officers and communication personnel on the morning of the 25th to open a forward command post at the 92 heights near the 101 heights, and personally went to the front to command the operation. Because the command post was too close to Hill 101, it was also covered by enemy artillery fire. When the enemy shelled, He Qingji, like the soldiers, judged the location of the bullet point in the communication trench, ran back and forth, and avoided the artillery fire.
In the 2 and a half days of fighting, the enemy was shelling and aircraft bombing the 101 heights, and an average of 1 shell fell per square meter. There are articles that say that the highlands were cut by 2 meters and became 99 highlands. This is just a literary brushwork, talking about the fierceness of the enemy's artillery fire.
It can be said that Liang Xingchu's fierce strength and overall command, He Qingji's outstanding battlefield command and the tenacious battle of the front-line troops were the key factors in the victory of the Montenegrin blockade battle. In this battle, the 28th Division was not at all "very tired", but resolute and decisive, extremely tenacious, and some companies continued to fight with the enemy bayonet until a few people remained. In this battle, the 28th Division alone suffered 2159 casualties, of which 536 were killed. It can be seen that the fierceness of the battle and the resolute will of the officers and men to fight can be seen.
After the war, the 10th column was commended by the East General Electric. The 28th Division, which defended its core position, was indispensable. Under the outstanding command of He Qingji, the "359 Brigade" was justified in World War I, and since then it has entered the ranks of first-class combat troops, rather than the "production troops" in people's minds.
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