#乌方要求俄撤出乌领土 In 1242, Genghis Khan's grandson Batu, in the course of his western expedition, annexed Ukraine, Russia, Belarus, Bulgaria and other places, plus his father's fiefdom of Shu chiyuan, and formed the Golden Horde.
The rise of the Golden Horde was a major shock to the Western world by the Mongols. At that time, the East Slavs, who claimed to be disobedient to anyone, also had to live on the Golden Horde.
For example, the Duchy of Moscow, the predecessor of Tsarist Russia, was responsible for helping the Golden Horde collect taxes. Who says no one can conquer the Russians? The Mongols did it, and gave them a big blood exchange.
The Mongols fought and did not obey anyone, but when they ruled the localities, they had little management ability. In this way, the younger brothers under the Golden Horde were all fishing in muddy waters. Batu's younger brothers were basically divided into fiefs, armies, and administrative powers in their own khanates, that is, small kingdoms.
This primitive system of sub-fiefs directly led to the rise of vassal states such as the White Horde, the Blue Horde, and the Muscovite Principality, which in turn seriously damaged the strength of the Golden Horde. But the real result of the golden horde's lifespan is actually a humble Crimean khanate, what is the origin of this guy?
The Crimean Khanate was also founded by the descendants of Genghis Khan.
Genghis Khan and his descendants are so capable of being born. Genghis Khan himself had 8 sons, and his eldest son, Shuchi, had 14 sons. As many as 43 of Genghis Khan's grandsons are recorded.
During the Batu Western Expedition, he basically brought his brothers to the Golden Horde. Subsequently, the land was divided among these younger brothers, so that the descendants of Shuchi were very strong in the Golden Horde.
Timur the Bald, the thirteenth son of Shuchi, was sent to the Crimea region. Since then, his descendants have multiplied here. By 1430 AD, seeing that the Golden Horde had split, there was no chance to start a business at this time!
Therefore, among the descendants of the bald Timur, a man named Haji Gelai established the Crimean Khanate in the Crimean region, also known as the Crimean Khanate.
In fact, at that time, the Golden Horde had completely collapsed, and Khwarazm and Bulgaria had both seceded from the Golden Horde and declared independence. Coupled with the rise of the Timurid Empire, the Golden Horde was beaten up, causing their court to completely lose its authority.
Since then, the Golden Horde has split into the Siberian Khanate, the Kazan Khanate, and the Astrakhan Khanate. The Golden Horde itself changed from a suzerainty to an ordinary prince of equal rank to other khanates, and history calls the Golden Horde of this period the Great Horde.
The Crimean Khanate ended the Golden Horde with its own hands.
As the saying goes: Ben is born from the same root, and he is too anxious to fry. The Khans of the Crimean Khanate and the Golden Horde were all descendants of the Jurchens, and it was reasonable to say that they should be united in good faith.
Unfortunately, as the saying goes: brother, settle the account. Even if they are brothers, they must also figure out the disputes of interest, not to mention that the Great Khans of the Golden Horde and the Crimean Khanate have long been relatives of the Five Suits?
After the walls fell on everyone, and the Mongols themselves did not submit to the administration of the Golden Horde, the Rus' people in the Muscovite Principality were naturally even more dissatisfied! So they also demanded independence and refused to pay tribute to the Golden Horde.
Does this have to be done? The little brother who feels a little bigger, he dares to bully the big brother. In 1472, Ahmad Khan of the Golden Horde planned to clean up the Muscovite Principality, but was instead beaten up by the Muscovite Principality.
In 1480, the unconvinced Ahma Khan once again sent an army to attack the Muscovite Principality, and in his impression, this goods were no different from domestic slaves, and it was impossible to have too strong combat effectiveness.
As a result, this time Ahma Khan was not only defeated, but even lost his own life. Since then, the Muscovite Principality has officially declared its independence, and in 1547, Ivan IV, Grand Duke of the Muscovite Principality, was crowned Tsar and officially established Tsarist Russia.
The Golden Horde, which had lost many battles, was targeted by his half-brother, the Crimean Khanate. In 1502, the Crimean Khanate unceremoniously defeated the Golden Horde, and the last Great Khan of the Golden Horde, Sekhhe Ali, was unfortunately killed in battle, and the Golden Horde withdrew from the stage of history.
Don't think that the final winner is the Crimean Khanate, the Muscovite Principality, which is watching the drama, has long been eyeing the few territories of the Golden Horde.
When the Crimean Khanate and the Golden Horde competed, the Muscovite Principality took the opportunity to seize the banks of the Kama River and the Ural region, which was a wave of fat.
Third, with Tsarist Russia, where did the Crimean Khanate come from?
The Crimean Khanate was a typical Islamic state that embraced Islam from top to bottom. After the marriage with the Eastern Roman Empire, Tsarist Russia gradually fully embraced orthodoxy.
In this way, between the two major sects, it must be the same water and fire. Moreover, they are countries bordering territories, and no one obeys anyone, and fighting naturally cannot be avoided.
- In 1505, after the rise to power of Grand Duke Vasily III of Moscow, he did not want to have a direct conflict with the Crimean Khanate, and could only choose to pay it a year coin to ensure the peace of the two countries. This operation, is it thinking of the Northern Song Dynasty?
- In 1512 AD, the Crimean Khanate, without greeting, cooperated with the Duchy of Lithuania to raid Moscow. Unfortunately, moscow was not knocked down this time, but only burned and looted around.
- In 1572, Ivan IV was at war with Poland, Lithuania, Sweden, and other countries in order to seize the mouth of the Baltic Sea. Taking advantage of this opportunity, the Crimean Khanate attacked again and actually conquered Moscow.
At that time, the army of the Crimean Khanate burned and looted in Moscow, countless palaces were destroyed, and white bones could be seen everywhere. Before leaving, the gang took more than 100,000 prisoners and burned down Moscow.
It was the Mongol cavalry, the last conquest of Moscow. However, he also stabbed a large basket, and although Ivan IV ran away, his heart of revenge was also ignited.
The two sides fought a decisive battle at the Battle of Moloj. The Crimean Khanate had 60,000 troops, compared with 25,000 on the Russian side. However, the Russians took the front line blockade and the backyard fire, and sent a force to penetrate the back of the Crimean army, igniting their stables, resulting in chaos for the Crimean army.
The Russian army fought with all its might, eliminated 40,000 enemy troops, completely crushed the living forces of the Crimean Khanate, and since then, the balance of strength between the two sides has been reversed.
Of course, Even if Crimea is beaten, it is still very strong, in order to prevent Crimea from invading Moscow again, Tsarist Russia specially built the Crimean Great Wall to resist the invasion of the other side.
So the question is, why was the Crimean Khanate so arrogant? Lithuania, Poland, Tsarist Russia, these were all powerful countries, and the Crimean Khanate did not pay attention to it. In fact, it was mainly because the Crimean Khanate worshiped a big brother, and this big brother was the famous Ottoman Empire.
The Crimean Khanate was in fact a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire.
This is a ridiculous thing to say, in 1430, Haji Gelai established the Crimean Khanate. But in 1475, the Crimean Khan Mingri Gleigh was defeated by the Great Horde. Later, with the support of the Ottoman Empire, he once again regained his throne.
From the beginning of the year, the Crimean Khanate became a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire and was known as the Ottoman Whip. However, the Ottoman Empire, like the Crimean Khanate, embraced Islam.
Thus the Ottoman Empire, respecting the independence of the Crimean Khanate, only nominally subjected the Crimean Khanate. Of course, in times of war, the two sides were still in a state of mutual help.
At that time, the Ottoman Empire, spanning three continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, was very powerful. With the Ottoman Empire behind it, the Crimean Khanate, like a wild horse out of control, could gallop freely across the plains of Eastern Europe.
As the Ottoman Empire grew stronger, the Crimean Khanate also went berserk. The contradictions between Tsarist Russia and the Crimean Khanate became more and more acute, and they were actually fighting against the Ottoman Empire.
In this way, the Russo-Turkish War will inevitably break out.
- In 1676, during the First Russo-Turkish War, Tsarist Russia seized Ukrainian territory east of the Dnieper River from the Crimean Khanate.
- In 1686, during the Second Russo-Turkish War, Tsarist Russia joined the anti-Turkish alliance and defeated the Crimean Khanate while taking the Azov region.
- In 1710, during the Third Russo-Turkish War, Tsarist Russia was defeated by the combined forces of the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Khanate, forcing them to abandon Azov.
- In 1735, in the Fourth Russo-Turkish War, both Sides suffered a severe blow, but Russia once again had the Azov region.
- In 1768, in the Fifth Russo-Turkish War, Tsarist Russia first defeated the 80,000 troops of the Crimean Khanate, followed by reinforcements from the Ottoman Empire. Finally, in 1783, the Crimean Khanate was completely conquered.
These five Russo-Turkish wars marked the decline of the Ottoman Empire from its peak. At the same time, the Crimean Khanate also accompanied the decline of the Ottoman Empire, gradually being cannibalized by Tsarist Russia, and eventually fell to the point of extinction.
Summary: To this day, Crimea is restless.
Today, the Russo-Ukrainian war is still non-stop, and the Crimean region has once become the focus of their contention. Turkey, on the other hand, across the Black Sea, as the successor of the Ottoman Empire, has long coveted this region.
After all, the Ottoman Empire once ruled here for more than 300 years, so it is also a famous powder keg in Eastern Europe, and it is still a hot spot.
The Feng Shui took turns, and the Crimean Khanate, at its peak, repeatedly conquered the territory of Tsarist Russia, and even invaded Moscow. Unfortunately, after the collapse of the boss behind it, the Crimean Khanate will find it difficult to protect itself.
It is worth mentioning that the Ottoman Empire, as the leader of Islam, attacked Western Europe, which was dominated by Catholicism, to the west, to Tsarist Russia, which was dominated by Orthodoxy, and once destroyed Eastern Rome, which was dominated by Orthodoxy, and the blow to Christendom was indeed quite large.