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Culture is very much 丨 "digital cloud gang" makes the millennium grottoes immortal
Recently, Cave 5, where the largest Buddha statue in yungang grottoes is located, has completed the upgrading of facilities and opened to the public. As a world cultural heritage, Yungang Grottoes in 2001 was included in the UNESCO "World Cultural Heritage List", the protection of Yungang Grottoes, not only has Chinese significance, but also has world significance, last year to promote the protection of Yungang Grottoes and Yungang Studies research as a mission of the times and historical responsibility of the Yungang Research Institute, but also on the basis of doing everything possible to protect the ontology, fully use the Internet, digital technology, so that cultural heritage can be kept and alive.
A spring snow in March this year made the Yungang Grottoes once again brush the screen into an Internet celebrity, and at this time, the staff of the scenic spot monitoring center is pushing the screen, paying close attention to more than 30 environmental data transmitted in real time from 250 monitoring points in the grotto to prevent the damage and impact of cold weather changes on the world cultural heritage.
Ren Jianguang, deputy director of the Heritage Monitoring Center of Yungang Research Institute: The impact of freeze-thaw on the Yungang Grottoes is very large, such as the temperature of the rock mass we measured. This data is the sensor we put in the cave, real-time collection and transmission to our monitoring center. Based on the changes in these data, we take some preventive protective measures.
No one is needed on site to complete disease monitoring and rock mass stability assessment, and smart monitoring is the first step to strengthen the protection of the grotto. In the Yungang Grottoes, more than 59,000 Buddhas have stood for more than 1,500 years, and how to keep them in the next millennium is very critical. This statue is more than two meters high, only to collect data for a whole day, in addition to three-dimensional laser scanning, but also to do multi-image reconstruction.
Wang Chao, staff member of the Digital Protection Center of Yungang Research Institute: This statue requires about multiple angles and about 1,000 shots to obtain its three-dimensional data, and the amount of data is very large.
In 2021, the digital Yungang Advanced Computing Center will be completed, with a computing capacity of 234 trillion times per second, which will greatly help the Yungang Research Institute to complete the digital collection of all caves during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period and realize the permanent preservation of information.
Ningbo, director of the Digital Protection Center of Yungang Research Institute: We are also racing against this time, as soon as possible to save our grottoes and our precious cultural heritage information intact.
Cultural heritage must not only be preserved, but also alive. The Yungang Grottoes serve as "the treasure house of ancient Chinese carving art". Among them, the 12th cave located in the central cave area in the form of three-dimensional carving, recorded the ancient grand performance scene, as early as 2020, the 12th cave of Yungang with equal proportion 3D printing was unveiled at the Museum of Art and Archaeology of Zhejiang University, more than 1300 printing modules can be assembled and disassembled like building blocks, and the digital collection accuracy of 0.03 mm reproduces the complete grotto shape and exquisite and realistic statues.
Li Zhirong, deputy dean of the Institute of Cultural Heritage of Zhejiang University: This is the third exhibition hall, which is the 12th cave of Yungang that is copied in equal proportions, and the second phase of Yungang Cave is very typical of one, in our academic terminology it is a hall-like grotto, with two front and back rooms, a front room, a back room, and so two rooms.
Cave 12 is located in the middle of the Yungang Grottoes, excavated in the 5th century AD. The caves are carved with images of celestial beings and Chinese and foreign musical instruments, showing the religious, court, secular music and dance scenes of the Northern Wei Dynasty, providing valuable image materials for the study of the history of Northern Wei music and dance. Therefore, Cave 12 is also known as the "Music Cave".
Li Zhirong, vice president of the Institute of Cultural Heritage of Zhejiang University: Drumming, this is the conductor, the other is playing waist drums, because these two drums are different for everyone to see, that is, blowing the flute, that is, playing the pipa, this is a group, that is, in the form of high relief, round carving, this is also the whole world of trick music, so the whole is called the music cave, is its music, the trick music is very complete, and the form of expression is particularly rich, Then from the perspective of music history, it represents a situation of communication between this era and the music of the West.
It can be knocked on, it is a material dedicated to 3D printing, and it is very light, the surface area of the entire painting is more than 900 square meters, and the area of the painting is very large.
Since August 2016, the Institute of Cultural Heritage of Zhejiang University has cooperated with the Yungang Grotto research institute to collect high-fidelity three-dimensional digital data on cave 12, and after 52 three-dimensional laser scanning and taking 55,680 photos, a 1:1 scale replica was produced, and its three-dimensional reconstruction error was less than 2 mm, and the color reproduction degree reached more than 95%.
Yungang Research Institute Party Secretary Zhang Zhuo: The third cave (located) to Qingdao (city) media square, the eighteenth cave was placed in Beijing University of Architecture and Architecture, this time the twelve caves were moved out, more perfect than the previous two caves, one is detachable, the second major feature of this cave painting work is very successful.
On February 19, 2021, the Yungang Research Institute was officially established to promote the protection of grottoes and the research of Yungang Science as a whole. From the Yungang Grottoes to the Yungang Research Institute, the protection of Shanxi's historical and cultural heritage has turned a new page.
At the same time, it is also the responsibility of Yungang people to let more people appreciate the beauty of Yungang. The Yungang Grottoes copied by 3D printing technology will also go to the whole country and even overseas to tour the exhibition, and in the future, the digitalization of virtual caves will be promising in terms of virtual cave reproduction and virtual cave restoration.
Zhang Zhuo, Secretary of the Party Committee of Yungang Research Institute: Digitalization work actually opens up a new road for us, we feel very confident in the future, in Yungang we can feel the Chinese culture, we can also feel the cultural self-confidence of our motherland, Yungang going out has world significance.
Yungang Grottoes is like a wordless monument, there is no text to describe the height of culture, religion and art it has reached, only through years of archaeological excavations, cave research, can promote Yungang research more comprehensively, and let the cultural relics "live", let the cultural relics "walk" out of the digital technology, but also let the ancient world cultural heritage Yungang Grottoes take the first step to "walk" the world.