MUSEUM
Jindi Treasures Shanxi Museum Tour
Tianlong Mountain is a mountain.
Tianlong Mountain is not only a mountain.
At the 2021 CCTV Spring Festival Gala,
An uplifting piece of news,
Cause the People of china to discuss --
The 8th cave of the Tianlongshan Grottoes returned to the motherland.
Taiyuan Tianlongshan Grotto Museum is more famous,
More people are starting to pay attention
This famous mountain that was once brilliant but has suffered terrible damage,
The more I realized how difficult it was to return to the Buddha's head,
How great the significance is.
Today
The protagonist of the Jindi Treasure,
It is the Taiyuan Tianlongshan Grotto Museum,
Let's learn about her past and present lives.
▲ Shanxi Evening News reported on April 21, 2022
Past period review
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The rise of the Tianlongshan Grottoes
Tianlong Mountain is located in the Lüliang Mountains, 36 kilometers southwest of Taiyuan City, the main peak is about 1700 meters above sea level, mainly composed of East Peak, West Peak, Liushuiyu and Xianglu Peak, covering an area of about 1.7 square kilometers. The name of Tianlong Mountain is derived from the I Ching. According to the "Monument of the Thousand Buddhas of Tianlong Mountain" written by Li Yun of the Pillar State of The Left Servant of Han Shangshu and The Zhongshu Shilang Pingzhangshi Shangzhu Guo: "Those who are dragons, do not use them when they dive, and fly in the sky", hence the name Tianlong Mountain.
The whole mountain winds and winds, there are grottoes on the top, there are Zen forests below, the trees are lush, the streams are long, the air is fresh, and the fragrant flowers are everywhere. Since ancient times, it has been a place of scenic beauty and beauty.
The humanistic history of Tianlong Mountain can be traced back to the Eastern Wei Period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties, that is, from 534 to 550 AD, the great chancellor Gao Huan entered the prefecture and made the prefecture "Beidu", where he built a summer palace and excavated grottoes. Subsequently, in 560 AD, Emperor Xiaozhao of Northern Qi built the Tianlong Temple here, and continued to build the temple during the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties periods, and the Tianlongshan Grottoes became one of the ten famous grottoes and Buddhist jungles in the mainland.
▲Liuyuangou
Today's Tianlongshan Grotto Museum, a collection of forests, springs, temples, caves in one, there are more than 100 historical relics such as grottoes, ancient buildings, tomb towers, inscriptions, sculptures, murals, etc., which is one of the richest and most complete areas in Taiyuan to preserve the cultural relics of the Eastern Wei, Northern Qi, Sui and Tang Dynasties, and is a national key cultural relics protection unit.
Tianlong Mountain is divided into two peaks in the east and west, 25 caves are distributed in it, the east peak is called "XianDao Mountain", which is divided into two layers, the upper layer is 4 caves, and the lower layer is 8 caves; the west peak is called "Big Buddha Mountain", with 13 caves.
In addition, there are 5 caves excavated from the five dynasties to the Yuan and Ming dynasties on the river stream cliffs of Tianlong Mountain, so there are a total of 30 caves in tianlongshan grottoes, reflecting the characteristics of grotto art in various eras and their development process from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and is a precious material for studying the art of continental grottoes, with high academic value and artistic value.
"Digital Exhibition" of Tianlongshan Grottoes
The Tianlongshan Grottoes are brilliant and brilliant, but they have a painful history that is difficult to extinguish. In the 1920s, the Tenryusan Grottoes were stolen by unscrupulous people such as the Japan Antiques Chamber of Commerce, leaving behind a cave full of chisel marks on the wall, a statue with a thousand holes and a broken limb.
Until 2014, Tianlongshan cooperated with academic institutions at home and abroad to collect more than 90 three-dimensional data of lost statues of Tianlongshan Grottoes in more than 30 museums in 10 countries, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, the British Museum, and the Tokyo National Museum, and realized the professional digital restoration of 11 major caves.
How to retain historical memory and inherit Chinese civilization? Exhibition of digital restoration of Tianlongshan Grottoes. Through immersive cinemas, digital caves, holograms and other forms of expression, the project allows the digital return of statues of Tianlong Mountain that have been lost overseas for a hundred years and from each side of the sky, and virtually integrates to reproduce the exquisite grotto art of Tianlong Mountain.
Up to now, the exhibition has not only been exhibited in some cities such as China, but also gone abroad and exhibited in the city of Saint-Denis in France. At the same time, the museum has also launched an online exhibition of digital restoration, which received more than 1 million hits in the first month of its launch alone.
Empowering science and technology to make cultural relics "alive" is a kind of comfort for Tianlong Mountain after the disaster.
Curator recommended
▲Zhang Junping, director of tianlongshan grotto museum
The treasure of the town hall
Buddha's head, freeze the most beautiful smile
In July 2021, the Buddha head of the 8th cave of tianlongshan grottoes officially "returned home" after a hundred years of overseas wandering. This is the first overseas lost cultural relics of the Tianlongshan Grottoes to return to their original territory, and it is also the first lost cultural relics of the Tianlongshan Grottoes to return from Japan in the past hundred years. This Buddha head has become a well-deserved treasure of the town hall!
Zhang Junping, director of the Tianlongshan Grotto Museum, introduced that the 8th cave was excavated by Liu Rui, a sui dynasty Jin king Yang Guang, and the statue as a whole continued the style of the Northern Qi statue, while paying more attention to the realism of the muscle structure, and the proportion of the body part evolved from "column" to "pipe", thus opening a precedent for the tang dynasty statue to be plump and rounded.
Cave 8 is the only central pagoda pillar cave in the Tianlongshan Grottoes, with a niche on the north, east and west walls of the cave, a Statue of Buddha carved in each niche, and a disciple of the Buddha and a Bodhisattva on both sides of the niche. The statue style of the Sui Dynasty is not much different from the Northern Qi statue, but it is a continuation of the Northern Qi style. The head of the Buddha statue has a low bun, a rectangular face, a long neck, and a rounded posture, but the robe is simple and shallow, the lines are not soft enough, and the edges and corners are more prominent, so there is less of a sense of emptiness and elegance. Bodhisattvas generally adopt a straight posture, and there are few changes in body distortion, which is slightly restrained and rigid.
Zhang Junping said: "Most of the early Buddhist sculptures showed the influence of foreign cultures, and starting from the TianlongShan Northern Qi Grottoes, buddhist carving art began to enter the process of sinicization, which directly affected the formation of Han-style Buddhist carvings in the Tang Dynasty. The important role of the Northern Qi Grottoes of Tianlong Mountain is to carry on from top to bottom, opening the precedent of statues in the Tang Dynasty. ”
In July 2021, the Buddha head of Cave 8 officially returned to the Tianlongshan Grotto Museum, which opened a special exhibition, using 3D printing technology to present the local structure of Cave 8, giving people a sense of immersion. In the central display case, the Buddha's eyes are slightly closed, smiling, and seems to be telling the joy and joy of returning home.
Inside the Manshan Pavilion, there is the "Venus of the East"
Cave 9 is the largest stone carving on Tianlong Mountain, and there is a magnificent wooden attic built outside to protect the stone carving, called "Manshan Pavilion". According to Zhang Junping, the grotto is carved in the Tang Dynasty, and it is also a relatively complete preservation of the entire Tianlongshan Grottoes, and it is also the largest cliff carving statue in Tianlongshan.
Walking into the Manshan Pavilion, it can only be described by two words of shock. The shrine in the pavilion is divided into two floors. The upper floor is carved in the middle of the large reclining Maitreya Buddha statue with a height of 7.55 meters, and the lower layer is carved with a three-body bodhisattva statue, and in the middle is an eleven-sided Guanyin standing statue with a height of 5.5 meters. On the left is the elephant Puxian Bodhisattva, which is 3.95 meters high. On the right is Manjushri Bodhisattva riding a lion, with a height of 4.3 meters. The eleven-sided Guanyin statue in the middle is dignified and elegant, with a beautiful posture, gorgeous costumes and lifelike, showing the plastic painting style of "Cao Yi out of the water", which is an extremely precious artistic masterpiece and is known as the "Venus of the East". The eleven-sided Guanyin statue is of extremely high artistic value and was once considered by the famous sculptors Fu Tianqiu and Qian Shaowu to be the best in the world.
Zhang Junping introduced that the 9th Cave from the outside to the inside, from top to bottom, all show the superb skills and outstanding wisdom of the craftsmen at that time, is the well-deserved representative and business card of the Tianlongshan Grottoes, especially the Tang Dynasty Bodhisattva statue has an elegant appearance, a beautiful posture, and a rich posture, which is known as the "Tianlongshan Style".
The oldest surviving statue of Vajra in Taiyuan
After visiting the Tianlongshan Grottoes, Tianlong Temple is also a must-visit place. When you walk through the mountain gate, the first thing that catches your eye are two clay statues of Vajrayogini. Although it looks a bit broken, this is the oldest surviving statue of Vajralus in Taiyuan.
Tianlong Temple, founded in the first year of the Northern Qi Emperor's founding (560), has been built throughout the ages. Tianlong Temple is a famous Buddhist temple in Taiyuan and even in northern China during the Northern Qi, Sui, Tang, Ming and Qing dynasties, and still preserves cultural relics and monuments such as Northern Qi stone stele pavilions, late Tang clay sculptures, early Ming dynasty wooden buildings, inscriptions from the Northern Han to Qing dynasties, tomb towers and stone building components.
The statue of King Kong Lux under the porch in front of the mountain gate, which was sculpted by the late Tang Dynasty, with a healthy and courageous shape, full of muscles and strong muscles, through this ancient work, you can perceive the unique ingenuity of the craftsman, and it has to be said that it is a masterpiece in the clay sculpture works.
▲Aerial view of Tenryuji Temple
Panlong Pine, one of the eight ancient scenery of Tianlong Mountain
As early as the Ming Dynasty, Tianlong Mountain had eight ancient scenery, one of which was called "Qiubai Pankong", which is said to be the Panlong Pine, whose form is peculiar and rare in the world, and can be called "China's first Strange Pine".
This strange ancient pine, shaped like a canopy, resembles a dragon, twisting itself into a spiral shape, circling upwards, like a wild dancing dragon, which is the welcome pine of Tianlong Mountain. The height of the main trunk of the ancient pine is about 2 meters, but the branches are extremely developed, intertwined to form a large umbrella cover, the crown cover area is nearly 300 square meters, after more than 1,000 years of historical evolution, waiting in front of the Tianlong Mountain Gate.
▲Dragon pine
Tianlong Mountain Panlong Pine is very old, the form is peculiar, and the wide coverage area of a single plant is rare in China. Today's Panlong Pine grows lush and leafy, and people admire its noble character of independence and prosperity. There are poems as evidence: "The old dry lonely standard incense leaves are thick, the gloomy forest is entangled in the edge of the mist, the heavenly gong is meandering and multi-divine, and the clouds and rain are empty mountains and the mountains are dragons." ”
The Tianlongshan Grotto Museum, from the cultural landscape to the natural landscape, presents the vicissitudes of history, and also presents the rich historical and cultural resources of the land of Longcheng, and the historical stories in the long volume.
When the Valley is empty, visit the Tianlongshan Grottoes, where the rising white mist surrounds the mountain, ethereal and illusory, making people endless reverie.
Beautiful, happy!
▲Winter of Tianlong Mountain @ Tianlongshan Grotto Museum
▲Summer of Tianlong Mountain @ Chu Yunfei
Wen | Shanxi Evening News all-media reporter Lu Guojun Sun Yiqiong Nanlijiang
Correspondent Yang Jing
Cultural Relics Exterior View| Tianlongshan Museum Chu Yunfei
Poster production | Shanxi Evening News all-media editor Wang Chenxiang Zhao Mandi
The copyright of the image belongs to the original author or institution
Edited | Shanxi Evening News All-Media Editor Nanlijiang
Audit | Fang Tianji
Click Past Originals
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