On February 19, after a spring snow, Datong vaguely changed into the shape of Pingcheng.
Yungang in the snow, true appearance and great strength, a northern Wei meteorology.
But it was clearly not the Northern Wei Dynasty. However, in the history of the Yungang Grottoes in the more than 1500 years since the Fall of the Northern Wei Dynasty, "February 19" is a non-negligible existence in countless time nodes.
February 19, 2022, is the first anniversary of the establishment of Yungang Research Institute.
The years do not live, the seasons are like a stream.
Let's walk into Yungang and see what has happened in the past year?
This year is the year of Yungang Qiangji's solid foundation
On May 11, 2020, General Secretary Xi Jinping inspected the Yungang Grottoes and made important instructions: The Yungang Grottoes are a world cultural heritage, and the protection of the Yungang Grottoes is not only of Chinese significance, but also of world significance. Historical and cultural heritage is a non-renewable and irreplaceable precious resource, and protection should always be put first. It is necessary to deeply excavate the historical connotation of the exchanges, exchanges and blending of various ethnic groups contained in the Yungang Grottoes, and enhance the awareness of the Chinese national community.
Eight months later, on February 5, 2021, with the consent of the Shanxi Provincial Party Committee, the Yungang Research Institute was "upgraded" and clearly designated as a deputy department-level institution directly under the provincial government, managed by the Cultural Relics Bureau of Kou Province, and the Datong Municipal Government was responsible for daily management.
On February 19, 2021, Yungang Research Institute was officially listed.
▲The history of the management body of the Yungang Grottoes
▲Yungang Research Institute
Hang Kan is the first president of Yungang Research Institute. On February 11, before the listing, as an expert, he had just appeared and commented on the return program of the Taiyuan Tianlong Mountain Buddha's first return program at the Spring Festival Gala of the Year of the Ox.
"In this year, we have kept in mind the entrustment of the general secretary, adhered to the 'scientific research institute', and always put protection first." From the deputy director of the Shanghai Municipal History Museum, to the dean of the School of Archaeology and Literature of Peking University, to the vice president of Shanxi University, to the dean of the Yungang Research Institute, as an "outsider", the "new" brought to Yungang by Hangkan's "Scientific Research Institute" is obvious.
He insisted on academic and scientific research first, and it came from its own. Hang Kan's teacher, Mr. Su Bai, a famous archaeologist and the founder of the archaeology of Chinese grotto temples, has discovered the "Golden Monument" of great significance to the study of Yungang and has visited Yungang archaeology several times.
▲Inaugural Meeting
▲Hang Kan, president of Yungang Research Institute
"Scientific research institutes" are first of all in the changes in the increment of scientific research and protection projects. With the efforts of Yungang and the support of all parties, the reserve thickness of cultural protection projects has increased: the "14th Five-Year Plan for the Protection of Cultural Relics in Yungang Grottoes" was formulated, and cave restoration projects were steadily carried out, and more than 20 cultural relics protection projects were declared to the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the Shanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau, covering the restoration of dangerous rock masses, cave reinforcement, digitization of cultural relics, protection and display of archaeological relics on the top of the mountain, etc.
At the same time, 13 various protection projects have been solidly promoted. Among them, there are 2 rescue and reinforcement projects, 2 color sculpture mural protection and restoration service projects, 3 daily maintenance projects, and 6 digital protection and display projects. These protection projects have prevented the further development of the dangerous situation of cultural relics and enabled Yungang cultural relics to "prolong their lives".
▲Reinforcement and anti-drainage project of dangerous rocks between caves 1 to 3 of Yungang Grottoes
▲Yungang Grottoes Luohan Hall and Dragon King Temple GouGou Cave Reinforcement Project
Based on the development goal of "Scientific Research Institute", Yungang Research Institute has built Yungang Cultural Protection Center, Digital Yungang Advanced Computing Center, Yungang Grottoes Cultural Relics Safety and Monitoring Platform and various cultural protection laboratories in 2021, and has been approved as "Scientific Research Base of Shanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Protection and Research Bureau", "Shanxi Provincial Cultural Heritage Protection Academician Science and Technology Innovation Center" and "Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Grotto Temple Protection and Inheritance", and is currently striving to become a national cave temple regional protection research center.
▲Unoka Bunko Center
▲Digital Yungang Advanced Computing Center
▲Yungang Grottoes cultural relics safety and monitoring platform
▲Unveiling Ceremony of Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Cave Temple Conservation and Inheritance
At the same time, we will continue to promote the digital construction of Yungang. It has successively implemented and completed two digital projects of the 11th and 19th cave digital protection projects of Yungang Grottoes, the digital display project of Yongle Palace murals, and the digital modeling and 3D information system construction project of typical caves of Yungang Grottoes (Cave 13), Luohan Hall and the digital collection of 94 fragments. In accordance with the unified deployment of the Shanxi Provincial Bureau of Cultural Relics, a total of 109 grotto statues and cliff carvings in Datong, Shuozhou, Lüliang and Xinzhou were completed, and the "Survey of Cave Temples in Northern Shanxi Province" was completed, and the digital photography and archaeological mapping of more than 100 grotto cultural relics were completed. In order to further promote scientific research, Yungang Research Institute also intends to declare a national scientific research unit, which has now passed the review of the Provincial Science and Technology Department.
"The number of scientific research projects carried out in 2021 is the highest in the history." Wang Yanqing, a researcher at the Yungang Research Institute, said.
On December 14, 2021, the two meetings were held at the same time at the Yungang Research Institute, and Hang Kan, as the dean, appeared to be extremely busy, "shuttling" between the two meetings from time to time.
The two meetings, one is to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the successful declaration of the Yungang Grottoes as a world cultural heritage, and the other is the "Third Shanxi Grotto Archaeology Fieldwork Cave Surveying and Mapping Symposium" co-sponsored by the Yungang Research Institute, the Yungang Institute of Shanxi University and the Institute of Religious Archaeology of Peking University. Because of the epidemic, the surveying and mapping symposium was held in a combination of online and offline. Although there were many important guests at the symposium, Hang Kan did not dare to be careless about the latter seminar. The protection and research of grottoes has received great attention from the state and the public in recent years, and surveying and mapping work is an important part of it, and even to a certain extent, it has become a "bottleneck" that restricts the progress of related work. The reason why he organized three consecutive shanxi grotto archaeology field workshops is aimed at such "bottleneck" problems.
"These are all strong foundations and solid work, and we must do it step by step." Hang Kan said.
▲Symposium to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the successful declaration of the Yungang Grottoes as a World Cultural Heritage
▲The 3rd Shanxi Grotto Archaeology Field Workshop Grotto Surveying and Mapping Symposium
This year is the year of deepening the "Yungang Studies"
Why did Yungang become a "learning"?
Compared with the "Dunhuang Studies" that has been studied for many years, the development of Yungang Studies has been uneventful, but from 2020, "Yungang Studies" has shown a vigorous and new look.
The reason why it has become "learning" lies in high-starting, interdisciplinary, and multi-directional research. At present, the study of grotto ontology, the world influence of the Yungang model, the characteristics of Pingcheng Buddhist thought, the overall echo of Pingcheng's political economy and culture, and the changes in the entire Northern Dynasty grotto statues and the spread of Buddhist thought have all been included in the core category of Yungang studies.
"It is necessary to combine the political position, the will of the state, the academic vision, and the spirit of the times, and we must have a big history and a cultural vision of big Yungang." Professor Wang Bangwei, the doctoral supervisor of Peking University, when he gave a lecture in Yungang, positioned the height and width of "Yungang Science" in this way.
▲Cultural relics protection and scientific and technological innovation——
The Faculty of Chinese Academy of Sciences "Frontier Forum on Science and Technology" No. 123
In 2021, Yungang Research Institute continued to deepen and promote cooperation with well-known universities, and cooperated with Shanghai University to organize the "Cultural Relics Protection and Scientific and Technological Innovation - The 123rd Session of the 'Science and Technology Frontier Forum' of the Faculty of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Academician Forum on Strategic Research of cultural Relics Protection and Scientific and Technological Innovation of the Ministry of Engineering and Materials Science of the National Natural Science Foundation of China", and more than a dozen academicians and cultural protection experts provided suggestions and suggestions for cultural protection and scientific and technological innovation; held the Digitalization Symposium of Cave 6 of Yungang Grottoes. Li Deren, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Yungang Research Institute, jointly declared the preliminary intention of the national major scientific engineering project; the opening report of the research project of the Yungang Research Institute of Shanxi University and peking university -- Yungang Research Center of Shanxi University was held in Yungang. In the same period, Yungang Research Institute cooperated with Shanghai University and China University of Geosciences to carry out the national key research and development plan "Research on weathering disease assessment system and protection technology of stone cultural relics ontology", and jointly declared the special project of "Research on Key Technologies for Fine Detection and Prevention of Fracture Seepage flow in Sandstone GrottoEs" with Taiyuan University of Technology; the Provincial Key Laboratory of Cave Temple Protection and Inheritance was recognized by the Provincial Talent Office of the Provincial Party Committee and the Provincial Department of Science and Technology as the first batch of provincial-university cooperative scientific research platform demonstration projects...
At present, in addition to the Yungang Research Institute, which is an important research center of "Yungang Studies", Shanxi University, Datong University, Taiyuan University of Technology, etc. in the province, Peking University, Zhejiang University, Beijing Jianzhu University, Shanghai University and other universities outside the province have carried out Yungang Studies research and related work, and a good trend of multidisciplinary interdisciplinary research such as archaeology, history, philosophy, history of science and technology, art, music, tourism, and computers has been formed.
▲Yungang Research Institute signed a cooperation framework agreement with Shanghai University
Zhang Zhuo, secretary of the party committee of the academy, was appointed as an adjunct professor at Shanghai University
A series of academic activities have gradually unfolded: 2021 Yungang Ornament Academic Seminar, Yungang Science Expert Seminar, Grotto Temple Digital Protection Seminar along the Silk Road, China Grotto Temple Cultural Relics Digital Protection Seminar, Digital Yungang Joint Laboratory 2021 Annual Work Conference, Digital Yungang Symposium... These academic conferences have further clarified the ideas for the protection and scientific research development of the Yungang Grottoes, and provided strong support for the development of Yungang Studies.
▲Yungang ornamentation academic seminar
▲Yungang Science Seminar
2021 is the 6th year that Zhang Qingjie "spent" in Yungang.
This archaeologist, who is well known for his research on han and Tang archaeology and the history of the Northern Dynasty, was the director of the Shanxi Provincial Archaeological Research Institute (now the Shanxi Provincial Archaeological Research Institute), presided over a number of archaeological excavations, and as many as three projects won the "National Top Ten Archaeological New Discoveries", which is rare in China. Among them, including the excavation of the ruins of the Northern Wei Liaojin Buddhist Monastery at the top of the Yungang Cave.
"Yungang attaches great importance to this, and this matter must also be done in my hands." After retiring, Zhang Qingjie, whose home is in Taiyuan, in order to sort out the excavation report of the ruins of the Northern Wei Liaojin Buddhist Monastery at the top of the Yungang Cave, spent most of the year in an office that served as both a studio and a dormitory at the Yungang Research Institute, and only returned to Taiyuan to see it during the New Year's Festival. At the end of 2021, the three-volume "Report on the Excavation of the Buddhist Monastery Site at the Top of the Yungang Grottoes" was finally published, in the words of Zhang Zhuo, secretary of the Party Committee of the Yungang Research Institute, "adding a large gold brick to the construction of Yungang Studies." ”
▲Newly published "Excavation Report of Buddhist Temple Ruins at the Top of Yungang Grottoes"
▲The excavation of the Buddhist temple site on the top of the Yungang Grottoes has won the top ten new archaeological discoveries in China
"Golden Bricks" are more than that: "The Complete Works of Yungang Grottoes" won the "Fifth China Publishing Government Award Book Award"; academic monographs such as "Holy Land Re-Yungang Centennial Rejuvenation Exhibition" and "Yunlin Temple" were published successively; 7 projects such as "Virtual Restoration and Utilization of Xili Buddha in Yungang Grottoes 20 Caves" approved by the Shanxi Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau are being implemented; 15 projects such as "Research and Restoration of the Color of Yungang Grottoes" were approved by the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau and will be implemented in 2022; the "Research and Restoration of the Color of Yungang Grottoes" and other 15 projects were approved by the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau and will be implemented in 2022. Shanxi Province Stone Cultural Relics Status Investigation and Evaluation Management System V1.0" has obtained the right to be a software monograph, which provides strong support for finding out the bottom line of stone cultural relics in the province...
▲The Complete Collection of Yungang Grottoes won the "Fifth China Publishing Government Award Book Award"
▲"Holy Land Re---Yungang Centennial Revival Exhibition"
To build a discipline, relying on people also requires the unity of various forces. In 2021, Yungang Research Institute, together with Dunhuang, Longmen and Dazu, launched the strategic cooperation of the four major grottoes in Luoyang and signed a cooperation agreement. The "Shanxi Provincial Cultural Heritage Protection Academician Science and Technology Innovation Center" was also officially launched. Yungang has also established cooperative relations with the Henan Archaeological Institute and the National Cultural Science and Technology Protection Agency, and carried out the body reinforcement test of Cave 39 of Yungang Grottoes and the experimental study of nano protection materials of Cave 1-3.
In terms of accelerating the construction of the talent team of Yungang Academy, Yungang Research Institute can be said to have spared no effort. Combining the independent training of employees and going out for further training, we will explore the introduction of leading talents in Yungang studies research and make the research team of Yungang Studies stronger. At the same time, targeted invite well-known experts and scholars in related fields to the unit to give lectures, the famous Buddhist archaeologist Wen Yucheng, Fudan University Institute of Chinese Historical Geography Professor Hou Yangfang, etc. have successively entered Yungang; actively participate in various professional training courses held by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau, encourage employees to study again, in 2021, 1 employee obtained a doctorate degree from Shanxi University, and 4 employees were admitted to Shanxi University as doctoral students in Yungang University. It has never been seen in the history of Yungang. Guo Jingna, who has already obtained a doctorate, said.
▲ Wen Yucheng, a famous Buddhist archaeologist, gave a lecture in Yungang
This year is the year of display and utilization of Yungang's cultural heritage
In the view of Zhao Kunyu, director of the Yungang Museum, the Yungang Museum, located in the corner of the Yungang Scenic Area, is not in the most core scenic spot, "but in the second half of 2021, it suddenly caught fire, and tourists were scattered before, but now they continue to come." ”
What attracts visitors is a new exhibition launched by the museum.
On May 11, 2021, the "China and the World" series of exhibitions was launched at the Yungang GrottoEs Museum. On the same day, it coincided with the first anniversary of General Secretary Xi Jinping's inspection of the Yungang Grottoes.
▲"China and the World" series of special exhibitions
This is a series of special exhibitions. The "China" section mainly focuses on the two national top ten new archaeological discoveries obtained by the Yungang Grottoes in 1993 and 2011, and the world part, with a total of three theme exhibitions, focusing on China's participation in the conservation action of Angkor Wat in Cambodia, archaeological discoveries in the Swat area and the Wanli Tea Ceremony. In addition, the Ancient Guizi Grottoes Mural Photography Art Exhibition was held at the Yungang Art Museum.
The high intention of the whole exhibition, the breadth of content, and the novelty of the form make people shine. Sea blue, orange red, vermilion, three shades set off different themes, representing the vastness and brightness, brilliance and warmth, deep and thick, so that "Yungang", "China" and "world" reflect each other. This series of special exhibitions was selected as the key promotion project of the theme exhibition of "Promoting China's Excellent Traditional Culture and Cultivating the Core Values of Socialism" of the Shanxi Provincial Bureau of Cultural Heritage in 2021.
It clearly confirms a voice: Yungang is not only Chinese, but also the world.
In 2021, Yungang Research Institute also planned the "Holy Land Re-Yungang Centennial Rejuvenation Exhibition", which won the key promotion project of the 2021 theme exhibition of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage "Promoting China's Excellent Traditional Culture and Cultivating Socialist Core Values". "Silk Road Huaguang - Dunhuang, Yungang, Longmen Grottoes Art Joint Exhibition" was exhibited at the Luoyang Museum. Yungang Art Museum has successively held the "Photography Exhibition of the Military Fort Group Ruins of the Nine-Sided Town of Datong Town" and "Dajing Chengming - Wu Daming Oil Painting Art Exhibition", which have been widely praised.
▲ Silk Road Huaguang - Dunhuang, Yungang, Longmen Grottoes Art Group Exhibition
Excavated for more than 1,500 years, the Yungang Grottoes are a historical scenery of mountains and mountains in northern China. Its form is solid, but the spiritual core is always alive and flexible, and the display and utilization of cultural heritage also shows a different style in revitalization.
On April 20, 2021, an announcement issued by the official micro of the Yungang Research Institute attracted the surprised attention of the outside world.
In the announcement, the Yungang Research Institute decided to open the 38th-40th cave for maintenance from April 30 to August 30. During this period, experts, scholars and graduate students in the fields of cultural relics protection, cave temple archaeology, ancient architecture, and Buddhist art in universities and research institutions can apply for visits.
Caves 38-40 are important caves in the western area of Yungang Grottoes, of which cave 38 is higher from the ground, the theme of the cave statues is rich, and there are more than 300 words of cave inscriptions above the cave door, which is a precious example for the study of the late caves in Yungang; Cave 39 is the largest cave in the western district, with five central tower pillars, during the Republic of China, members of the China Construction Society had focused on the 39th cave. However, due to the topography of the cave and other reasons, researchers outside Yungang did not have much opportunity to approach the expedition. In this form, Yungang openly opened grotto research resources to the public free of charge, which is the first time in history.
Revitalize cultural heritage, pay tribute to the sages, deepen Yungang studies, strengthen the protection of grotto cultural relics... For Hang Kan, who personally planned this initiative, the main points of the activity are not limited to one end.
There were many applicants for the time being. On April 30, the first batch of five professionals from different research fields such as Buddhist archaeology, cultural relics protection, Dunhuang studies, and Buddhist art, accompanied by experts in archaeological research and cultural relics protection of Yungang Research Institute, boarded scaffolding to inspect Caves 38-40 in detail. During the maintenance period, a total of 4 groups of researchers in related disciplines were received.
▲ The first spectators boarded the scaffolding to investigate Caves 38-40 in detail
"The feeling of field observation and reading literature is very different, and the relative position and relationship of each niche, as well as the difficulty of cultural relics protection, are more intuitively perceived in practice." Yungang Research Institute welcomes seekers from all over the world with an open attitude, which is particularly valuable. This expedition will be a unique and unforgettable starting point for me. One of the students, Dai Tian commented.
At the Baolong Art Museum in Shanghai, the "Ode to Great Beauty and the Thousand Years of Memory and Dialogue of the Yungang Grottoes" was held, the "Dream Back to Yungang" Autumn and Winter Fashion Show was unveiled at the Shanghai Fashion Week, and the Mid-Autumn Festival Night was brilliantly staged in front of the 12th Cave of the Yungang Grottoes... For example, the thousand-year-old cave group with a variety of styles, the protection and utilization of cultural heritage, and the Yungang Research Institute also show a kind of arrogance.
▲ The millennium memory and dialogue of the Ode to the Great Beauty and ungalacto Grottoes
▲ "Dream back to Yungang" autumn and winter fashion show debuted in Shanghai Fashion Week
What appears in this kind of arrogance is the confidence and pattern of development. In 2021, the "Yungang Historical and Cultural Corridor Tourism Master Plan" jointly compiled by Yungang Research Institute and Shanghai Fudan Planning and Architectural Design Research Institute was completed and has now passed the acceptance. With the Yungang Grottoes as the core, the plan uses more than 30 cultural relics and tourism resources such as grotto temples, ancient buildings, castles, beacons, tombs, kiln sites, and modern coal mining industry relics along the line from Xiaozhan Village in the east to Gaoshan Town in the west, to create a historical and cultural corridor connecting the culture of Youyu Xikou and The culture of Zhaojun in Hohhot, and then forming the core area of Shanxi's northern tourism line integrating leisure, sightseeing, research, health, sports, food, accommodation and entertainment, with a total planning area of 120 square kilometers. At present, the Yungang Historical and Cultural Corridor Construction Project has been included in the key projects of transformation and development of Datong City, and has been listed by the Shanxi Provincial Market Supervision and Administration Bureau as the first batch of service standardization pilot scenic spots in the province.
During the interview, the reporter heard the most voices: This is the "Dayungang Era" that is rare in a hundred years or even a thousand years. The development and research of yungang grottoes is of world significance, which is closely related to the country's international positioning and cultural rejuvenation, and has unlimited prospects.
In this context of building a great Cloud Gang and reshaping the world's voice and influence of Yun Gang, Yun Gang itself is constantly "reshaping" every day.
From this point of view, Yungang's 2021 can be seen as the first year of "reshaping". And this "reinvention", no matter from which perspective, is exciting.
Listed for a year, Yungang, is standing at a new historical starting point.
▲Yungang Grottoes Scenic Area
Wen | Shanxi Evening News all-media reporter Lu Guojun
Figure| Yungang Research Institute He Jinchun
Painted Yungang | Yungang Grottoes Official
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