Wang Xizhi was a famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and was revered as a book saint by later generations. So, as the book saint, where is the "holy" Wang Xizhi? The author believes that it can be discussed from the following aspects:
First, he was a man of high moral character
Wang Xizhi's noble moral character is mainly manifested in:
1. Be loyal to the king and patriotic. The "New Language of the World" records: "Wang Youjun and Xie Taifu jointly ascended yecheng, and Xie Youran thought far and thought, and had the ambition of Gao Shi. The king said to Xie Yue: 'King Xia Yuqin, hands and feet calloused; King Wen eats, the day does not have time to give, now the four suburbs have many bases, suitable for everyone to serve themselves; And talking about waste, floating in the air, I am afraid it is not appropriate today. At a time when the country is in danger, Wang Xizhi can give up his idle heart and put the country's social welfare first.
After Wang Xizhi was slandered by the adulterers and forced to resign from the government, he swore in front of his parents' tomb: "Xizhi dares to tell the spirit of the second deity." He was not a heavenly man, and he was murdered by Min and did not pass the discipline of the court. The mother and brother ju nurtured, and gradually became a few, so because of the lack of people, they were favored by the country. Entering the festival of no loyalty and filial piety, retreating from the righteousness of the wise, every time you look up to the old clan and the commandments of Zhou Ren, you are often afraid of death without a day, and you are worried about the ancestral worship, but you are only in the body! It is to sigh forever with sleep, if falling into a deep valley. The distinction between the end of the foot is set for the present. I would like to set up a feast on the auspicious day of this month, and I would like to swear an oath to the spirit of the sage. From now on, dare to take this heart, be greedy and enterprising, and have a disrespectful heart and not a son. The Son is not the Son, the heavens and the earth are not overwhelmed, and the famous religions are intolerable. The sincerity of the oath is like the sun!" When he was slandered by the traitors, Wang Xizhi did not flinch, but his righteousness was awe-inspiring, and even if he died, he would not change his desire to serve the country. It fully embodies Wang Xizhi's loyal and patriotic thinking and feelings. This is where Wang Xizhi's loyalty and patriotism lie.
2. Benevolence. Whether Wang Xizhi was an official in the DPRK or a foreign envoy, he was able to personally manage government affairs, diligently seek the people's secrets, and deeply resented all kinds of maladministration. During his tenure as a general of the Guards, he conducted in-depth investigations and tried to rectify the shortcomings in the battalion, and issued the "Teachings of the Guards", proposing that "public service is equal". In the history of the Huijian, he aimed at the darkness of the rule and conscription of officials, and worked hard to promote the strategy of careful selection of officials and equalization of conscription. At the time of successive years of severe drought and people's livelihood, without waiting for the order of the imperial court, we resolutely opened warehouses to relieve the disaster and save the people from danger. The history books praise Wang Xizhi's "noble and discerning". This is precisely where Wang Xizhi's benevolence lies.
3. Filial piety. According to historical records, during Wang Xizhi's tenure in Linchuan, he always took the old mother with him and took good care of him until her mother died, fulfilling a filial piety that should be fulfilled by the son of man.
Regarding wang Xi's deeds of loyalty and filial piety and benevolence, there are many records in the history books. The above examples are enough to show that Wang Xizhi is a person with high moral character.
Second, he is an emotionally rich man
Wang Xizhi has many codexes on the records of the illness and personal situation of his loved ones. These codexes, the words read poignantly and sadly. Let us deeply feel that Wang Xizhi is a very affectionate and loving person. Like what:
"Jian'an Thesis": "April 5, Xi's report: Jian'an coffin to the end, ci yin and seclusion, thirty years of death." Eternal collapse, pain through the five inners; Yongku what? There is no excuse. Near the paper choked, Xi's retribution. ”
"Auntie's Post": "On November 13, Xi Zhidun made his first meal." Aunt Is mourning, mourning and destroying, can't help it, why not! Because of the anti-tragic congestion, not times. Wang Xizhi's first meal. ”
"Yu Bride's Post": "Yu Bride has not yet entered the country, so why are you trying to die to this point?" If you don't succeed, you will never die, and the pain is so deep that you can't help it! How can you do it? Whatever! There is no reason to mourn, sadness. ”
"Official Slave Little Girl Post": "Postpone the official slave little girl, and get a violent illness, so that you can't save it, and you are sad, why not!" I send it to the west, but I wait here, to forbid the rest of the year, what does it mean that in the middle of the tenth day, the second grandson died? Day and night, things are in the mind, pain is entangled in the heart, there is no recurrence to this, how can it be repeated! Pro paper pharyngeal plug. ”
"Funeral Post": "Xi Zhi Dun Shou: The extreme of mourning, first the tomb and then away from the poison, the pursuit of the cool, the number of admiration to destroy, the pain through the heart and liver, the pain of what to do! Although it is repaired, it has not been merceded, and the grief is deep, so why bother! I choked on the paper and didn't know what to say. Xi Zhi Dun made his first meal. ”
Wait a minute. There are many more codexes like this.
This love for family, love for friends, and love for others is sincere and touching. It is enough to show that Wang Xizhi is a sentient, righteous, and emotionally rich person.
Third, he is a deeply educated person.
Wang Xizhi's education was not innate. Instead, it was through his hard work and slow cultivation.
Historical records record: "The ,...... of the Jin Dynasty At the age of seven, he read the book, and the twelve saw the previous generation's "Pen Sayings" in his father's pillow and read it. The Father said, 'Where did er steal my secret?' Xi Zhi laughed and did not answer. Mother: 'Er look at the brushwork?' When the Father saw that he was small, he was afraid that he could not keep it secret. The saying goes: 'Wait for the adult, I will teach it.' 'Xi Zhi please,' and used it now, so that it may be treated as an adult, and the young order of the child will be feared. 'The Father rejoices, and so he goes. When there is no surplus month, the book will be greatly improved. Lady Wei saw that the language was too often Wang Ceyue: "Here you will see the "Tips for Using the Pen", and if you see his book closely, you will have the wisdom of old Cheng. He said, "This Son will hide my name." We can see from this record that Wang Xizhi has worked very hard since he was a child.
The "Book of Jin" (金書王羲之傳) records: "Shi Taiwei Xijian sent his protégé to ask his son-in-law Yu Dao, and the guide ordered him to look at his disciples all over the east chamber. The protégé returned, saying: "The Wang clan is good with few, but it is good to hear the letter, and it is salty and self-reserved." The only one in the east bed was eating, and he didn't smell it. 'Discernment: 'This is the evil of the son-in-law!' When he visits him, he is also a woman's wife. This allusion also tells us what a hard-working person Wang Xizhi is. It is this diligence of his that has led to his remarkable achievements.
From his poems, especially the "Preface to the Orchid Pavilion", this beautiful, thoughtful, and emotional article proves that he is a talented and deeply educated person. Just imagine, how can a person who has no education write such an excellent article that will be regarded as a song for eternity by future generations?
Fourth, he is a thoughtful man
Wang Xizhi was deeply influenced by Confucian thought. Politically, he embodied the Confucian idea of "being loyal to the king and loving the country", "taking the tao as the victory over the broad and the broad and the peace", and "being happy with the people". Spiritually, his "affection for the landscape" and "closeness to nature" embody Dao Xuan's idea of quiet and inaction. This dual thinking constitutes the profundity and complexity of Wang Xizhi's thought. This can be seen in the world-renowned "Orchid Pavilion Preface". "Looking up at the size of the universe and looking down at the grandeur of the category, so the wandering eyes are enough to be extremely entertaining, and the letter Coke is also." "The appearance of the lady, the prostration of the first life, or the embrace of all, the enlightenment within one room; Or because of the entrustment, outside the wandering skeleton. Although the fun is different, the quiet is different, when it is happy to meet, it is temporarily self-sufficient, and it does not know that old age is coming. Wang Xizhi's contemplation of natural objects is not limited to the natural surface scene, but pays attention to capturing the operation law of nature, and uses his own unique vision to see through, and is associated with human destiny, which sublimates nature to the height of the Tao, thus also purifying his "Cheng huai Guan Dao" and "super-image- and extra-image" thoughts.
The biggest feature of Wang Xizhi's thought is that he reconciles Confucianism and thus forms his own unique ideological characteristics.
Fifth, he is a man of creative spirit
Wang Xizhi's main achievement, of course, lies in his calligraphy. His calligraphic achievements are mainly manifested in the following points:
1. Turn to a multi-division. Wang Xizhi said in the "Lady of the Inscription Wei (Pen Array)": "To the young lady of the Wei Dynasty, it will be said to be powerful; And cross the river north to travel to the famous mountains, see Li Si, Cao Xi and other books, and promised, see Zhong Xuan, Liang Hu book, and Luo Xia, see Cai Yong's "Stone Classic" three-body book, and at cong's brother's place, see Zhang Chang's "Huayue Stele", the first knowledge of The Lady Xuewei's book, in vain. So he changed his master and still studied in the monuments. From this passage, we know that Wang Xiyi was taught by many teachers in his lifetime. It is precisely because of his experience of learning from so many teachers that it has played a great role in his later calligraphy achievements.
2. Create a new body. Wang Xizhi's calligraphy achievements were based on the brief requirements of that time, absorbing the strengths of all, refining the body, increasing the loss of ancient methods, changing the simple calligraphy style of the Han and Wei Dynasties, and changing the original true and grassy intentions at profit and loss, and completing the beautiful and quiet present body - cursive writing. For his cursive writing, posterity commented: "Charming, vigorous, ever-changing, pure nature." ”
3. Advocate "book meaning". Wang Xizhi said in the "Book of Self-Discussion": "It is necessary to deepen the meaning of the book, and the pointillisms and paintings are all intentional, and there is no end to their own words." Whoever gets it, everything is the same. Here, Wang Xizhi first proposed the concept of "calligraphy". The so-called "calligraphy" is the spiritual meaning of calligraphy. Wang Xizhi believes that calligraphy can be used to express people's thoughts and feelings. Wang Xizhi's "freehand calligraphy" theory has pushed calligraphy to the level of spiritual realm, and calligraphy has since moved from practical to artistic. Wang Xizhi is an important player of the "Jin Shangyun" style of writing.
4. Integrate the middle way into calligraphy. Wang Xizhi is a practitioner of the Confucian way of moderation and the Taoist "natural purity". His greatest achievement is to integrate and infiltrate the "middle" and "natural" ways into calligraphy. Once again, calligraphy was pushed to the philosophical level. His calligraphy "is not radical, but the wind is far away." "Thinking through trial, peace of mind" is proof of this.
5. Influence on future generations. Wang Xizhi's influence on future generations was undoubtedly enormous. Sun Guoting said: "But the Book of the Right Army, called Xi, can be regarded as a sect master, and it can be taken as a ruler. Yang Xin said, "Bo JingQun Fa, ancient and modern Mo Er." Zhang Huaihuan said: "Those who have gained their magic in thousands of years are not more than dozens of people." Each can fly thousands of miles, glory for hundreds of generations, but Yi Shao's handwriting is smooth, the beauty of a single family, the nature of nature, and the abundance of god Gaidai. Li Shimin gave a high evaluation: "Examine the ancient and modern in detail, study the fine seals, and be perfect, but Wang Yi is rare." And so on. It can be seen from this that Wang Xizhi's position in the minds of future generations can be imagined. Judging from the situation in which people have competed to learn Wang Xizhi's calligraphy for thousands of years, if there is no considerable influence, it is impossible for the royal body to unify the entire book world, let alone become the mainstream calligraphy in the traditional sense.
To sum up, Wang Xizhi is a person who is truly virtuous and artistic, and a person who is truly admired by all the worlds. At a time when morality is degraded and values are distorted, it is of particular significance to advocate comprehensive and in-depth study of Wang Xizhi. We must not only learn Wang Xizhi's calligraphy, but also learn Wang Xizhi's noble moral character, profound learning and lofty spiritual realm. Take "Be a man before you write a book" as your motto. Only in this way can it be worthy of the title of "calligrapher".
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