As an outstanding politician, military expert, writer and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao is a household name in Chinese history, known to women and children. Where is his tomb? For thousands of years, it has been attracted the attention of the people, archaeology, culture and academia, and naturally it is indispensable to the coveting of tomb robbers.
On December 27, 2009, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage determined that the gaoling tomb located in the south of Xigaoxiao Village in Anfeng Township, Anyang City, Henan Province, was excavated through archaeological excavations.
Statue of Cao Cao
The surging news learned that the protection and display project of Cao Gaoling in Anyang, Henan Province, which has attracted much attention from the public and the literary, historical and archaeological circles.
Tomb No. 2 of Cao Cao Gaoling sits facing west and east, 110 degrees. The slope of the tomb road, the tomb plan is a trapezoidal shape with a width of front and a narrow back, with a length of 18 and a width of 19.5 to 22 meters, covering an area of about 740 square meters. The tomb door is 1.95 meters wide and 3.02 meters high, with a brick roof. There is a stone door, and outside the stone door there are three layers of sealed door bricks to close. The burial chamber is a brick chamber, divided into two rooms, the front and the back, and both have north and south side chambers. The burial chamber is paved with bluestone, and the four side chambers are closed by stone doors. The entire burial chamber is magnificent and magnificent, and has obviously become the tomb style of the Eastern Han Dynasty nobles.
Cao Cao Gao Mausoleum Road
Judging from the fragments of the tomb door, some of the tomb doors should have exquisite stone carvings, including "Divine Beast", "Revenge of the Seven Women", "Song Wang Che", "Ten Sons of King Wen" and so on. A total of 3 individual human skulls were found in the tomb, of which 2 female skulls were located in the back chamber and male skulls were located in the doorway of the anterior chamber. The male was identified as around 60 years of age and the female was around 50 and 20 years of age.
Cao Cao's gaoling front room
Cao Cao's skull
Although the tomb has been excavated many times, a number of relics have been unearthed. Many of the inscriptions and inkblots are elegant and simple, showing the style of Han and Wei.
According to the shape and scale of the tomb, the excavated relics, the content and font of the stone inscription, the calligraphy style, the identification of the tomb owner's skeleton, combined with the mutual location of Lu Qian's epitaph and the Ximen Leopard Ancestral Hall, as well as the location of the Weiwu Emperor's mausoleum recorded in historical documents, it was confirmed that the tomb was the high tomb of Cao Cao, the emperor of Weiwu.
Cao Cao's Gaoling unearthed the text "Euphorbia of Gehu often used by King Wu of Wei"
On January 13, 2010, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences officially released the "Six Major New Discoveries of Chinese Archaeology in 2009", among which Cao Cao Gaoling of Xigao Cave in Anyang County, Henan Province was listed. In May 2013, Cao Cao Gaoling in Anyang became the seventh batch of national key cultural relics protection units. The Cao Cao Gaoling Temporary Pavilion opened to the public in early September 2010.
In June 2013, Cao Cao's Gaoling Tomb in Anyang, Henan Province, and the Ruins of Yicheng, where it is located, were shortlisted for the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Protection of Large Sites" approved by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage and the Ministry of Finance. In March 2018, the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology released the archaeological findings of Cao Cao Gaoling in 2016-2017, and Cao Cao's remains were basically confirmed.
Cao Cao's Gaoling unearthed calligraphy-related cultural relics
The calligraphy inscription stone plate of Cao Cao's tomb is mainly in the shape of a gui, and it is engraved with inscriptions such as "Euphorbia of the Tiger Commonly Used by King Wu of Wei" and "Short Spear of the Tiger Commonly Used by King Wu of Wei", which are high ancient, mighty and simple, and obviously become the style of Han Li.
Cao Cao's Gaoling unearthed a stone tablet inscribed "King Wu of Wei"
Cao Cao's Gaoling unearthed a stone plaque inscribed "Leader of the Yellow Aya Robe"
Cao Cao's Gaoling unearthed an inscribed stone plaque
Stone plaque inscribed with the words "Short Spear"
Stone plaque inscribed with the words "Euphorbia"
The calligraphy relics excavated from Cao Cao's tomb are breathtaking, and the inscription style xiang zuo excavated by the Marquis of Nanchang has become evidence of the evolution of the calligraphy style from the late Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, which is of great research value.
A large number of inscriptions contain the names and quantities of burial items, such as "Huang Ayapao Jin Leader I", "Dan Silk Silk Psalm 1", "Mirror Platform 1", "Book Case 1", "Canal Pillow 1" and so on. The vast majority of inscribed fonts are Han Li, commonly known as "octets", with regular fonts and strong strength.
Cao Cao's Gaoling unearthed an inscribed stone pillow
An inscribed stone plaque excavated from Cao Cao's Gaoling Tomb
Rubbings of stone stele excavated from Cao Cao's Gaoling Tomb (recovered by the public security organs)
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