The "Growth Gas Station" program connects Dong Yunying, a member of the Changzhou Minor Growth Guidance Center Fang Hanqing Psychological Assessment Technology Application Guidance Station, to chat with parents about how to follow the basic principles of brain science to make family education more scientific and effective.
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Dong Yunying
Director and Associate Professor of the Department of Psychology, School of Education, Jiangsu University of Technology, Ph.D. of Southeast University, National Second-level Psychological Counselor, Deputy Director of the School Psychological Research and Guidance Service Center, Director of the Cognitive Neuroscience Committee of Jiangsu Psychological Association, Deputy Secretary-General of Changzhou Psychological Society, Member of Fang Hanqing Psychological Assessment Technology Application Guidance Station of Changzhou Minor Growth Guidance Center. His research interests include mood and cognition, mental health education, etc.
Brain science provides an important theoretical foundation for pedagogy, and the basic laws, principles and methods in brain science are an important basis and guidance for family education. Therefore, parents should understand the basic knowledge and basic principles of brain science, so that family education can be more scientific and effective.
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First, the basic knowledge of the brain
The basic structure of the brain. The brain is the most important component of the central nervous system, and the adult brain is a wet and soft collapsed substance, shaped like a walnut, the size of a grapefruit, weighing about 1.4 kg, only the palm can be supported.
Brain function. The brain is divided into two hemispheres, left and right, and the two hemispheres of the brain work together functionally. Research in brain science has found that the left and right hemispheres of the human brain carry out thinking activities in different ways, the left hemisphere focuses on abstract thinking, such as language, mathematics, logic, analysis and judgment, etc., while the right hemisphere focuses on image thinking, such as spatial relations, art, emotions, etc.
Fuel for the brain. Brain cells consume oxygen and glucose as fuel, and for the brain to function optimally, it must have enough oxygen and glucose. Lack of sugar and oxygen in the blood can make people listless and drowsy. Eating some fruits appropriately can greatly improve concentration, memory and motor skills. Water carries physiological signals throughout the brain, keeping the lungs moist, and effectively transporting oxygen into the bloodstream. Some students do not eat breakfast, do not drink enough water, and lack a wealth of glucose and enough water throughout the day to ensure the normal functioning of their brains.
Plasticity of the brain. The morphology and function of the brain exhibit great variability when adapting to the environment. Create a good growth environment for children, provide rich stimulation, and is more conducive to brain development.
Second, break the "neuro myth" and return the child's happy childhood
At present, there are various claims about brain development in society, some of which lack scientific basis, and these are called "neuro myths".
1. After a critical or sensitive period, there is no need to learn new information. After the critical period, learning is to do useless work?
Of course not, this view applies only to very few or extreme areas. The critical period or sensitive period is a specific period of life development, when the brain is sensitive to certain stimuli. The existence of the critical period makes parents superstitious about "don't let the child lose at the starting line" and "3 years old is set for life" and so on. Therefore, parents desperately report various interest classes and cram classes to their children, hoping that their children will not lag behind others at least on the "starting line". However, studies in recent years have found that the so-called "critical period" is not missed, and the corresponding cognitive function cannot be developed normally. The human brain is malleable.
2. Can listening to Mozart's music boost a child's IQ and help a child become smarter?
In fact, these misconceptions are rooted in a 1993 study in which researchers investigated the effects of the Mozart Concerto on spatial reasoning abilities. The study found that participants who listened to Mozart's music, compared with those who listened to relaxing music or did not listen to anything, produced a brief (15-minute) increase in spatial reasoning ability, so it did not improve the overall level of intelligence, and the effect quickly disappeared.
3. Are we left-brained or right-brained?
In fact, unless the two hemispheres of a person's brain are completely separated, both hemispheres will participate in the vast majority of tasks, and the role of the left and right hemispheres is very important. In traditional education, many parents have the phenomenon of "emphasizing the left over the right", paying more attention to the cultivation of students' abstract thinking ability such as reading, writing and mathematical operations, while ignoring the cultivation of their image thinking ability, resulting in the harmonious development of students' brain hemisphere functions, but affecting the overall development of intelligence and the improvement of creative ability.
4. Do we only use 10% of our brains?
There are a lot of people who think that 90% of our brains are not activated, which is actually due to lashley's mouse maze experiment. The mice in the experiment completed a specific task with most of the cerebral cortex removed, which was misunderstood. In fact, we use all of our brains.
5. We are born with all the brain cells and will not change for the rest of our lives?
Brain cells will not regenerate when they are apoptosis? Less brain cells are used? In fact, the human brain is a very magical organ, it has the ability to change countless times, and the process of its change will last a lifetime. The degree of intelligence is not directly related to the size of the brain, what is important is the number of connections between brain cells in the brain, and learning can establish these connections, so the brain is smarter the more it learns.
Third, family education should be based on the "brain" teaching
1. Understand the characteristics of brain development at different ages
Parents should understand the characteristics of brain development at different ages, so that they can better understand their children. In particular, the brains of adolescents have changed dramatically compared to before. For example, the brains of teenagers are particularly fond of chasing new and different. Adolescents' sleep patterns also show different patterns, and adolescents' circadian rhythms are manifested as: sleep starts later at night, and consciousness awakens later in the morning, that is, sleep later and wake up later. Understanding the characteristics of adolescent brain development, we can better understand and prevent the potential problems of children in adolescence.
2. Ensure adequate sleep
The brain produces four types of brain waves. When we are in a state of tension, the brain produces β waves; when the body is relaxed, or when the mind is focused, it produces α waves; when we feel drowsy, the brain waves become θ waves; when we enter deep sleep, they become δ waves. Research in brain science confirms that α waves are the best state for learning and thinking. The sta wave is known as the "floodgates to memory and learning". It can be seen from the activity law of brain waves that when in the α and lambda bands, individuals are in a relaxed state, which is very conducive to the learning and mastery of new knowledge.
3. Create a positive family emotional atmosphere
The cognitive processes of the brain are influenced by emotions. The function of the human brain is, first, to ensure survival, second to meet emotional needs, and thirdly to cognitive learning. Although sometimes the pressure exerted by parents can be used as a motivation to motivate children to learn, under long-term high pressure, the brain cannot carry out effective cognitive learning. High pressure is a barrier to learning. Because the signal of high pressure is first transmitted to the amygdala in the emotional center, which reduces the flow of information to the thalamus (where all sensory information except smell is received), and also reduces the flow of blood to the frontal lobe.
The prefrontal lobe is likened to a rational brain, but brain science experts have found that once people have emotions, the brain is controlled by the emotional center, so we tend to make some irrational and unintelligent actions that we regret and affect interpersonal relationships. Moreover, evolutionarily speaking, the prefrontal lobe is one of the most recent cortical structures to develop, and it does not mature until about the age of 25. This explains why children are so emotional. Therefore, when bad emotions arise in parent-child communication, what we have to do is to first make ourselves aware that we have emotions, and require ourselves not to take task actions in an emotional state, and to deal with emotions before solving problems.
4. Establish the concept of lifelong learning
The plasticity of the brain tells us to live to learn. A 1988 experiment found that the hippocampal gyrus nerve cells that manage memory are regenerative. So it's not right to say "lose at the starting line" statement.
5. Create a good home (physical) environment
Children's development has both an innate physiological basis and the role of environmental factors. Create a good growth environment for children, provide rich stimulation, and is more conducive to brain development.
The environment can also affect students' attention and participation in various learning tasks. Transform the family environment to maximize your child's effective attention behavior. It also encourages the introduction of a sense of order and beauty into the family environment.
6. Set a good example for your child
The brain learns through imitation. There is a class of neurons with special mapping functions in the brain - mirror neurons. For example, when we see someone yawning, we also yawn; when we watch a sad TV series, we can't help but cry; when we see the other person's emotions out of control, we will also involuntarily lose our temper, and then there will be conflict. Due to the presence of mirror neurons, especially for children, they are more likely to imitate intuitive images, more sensitive to the emotional response of others, and a little slower to react to what they hear. This also emphasizes that we should do more, say less, and set a good example for children.
7. Objectively and comprehensively look at the growth of children
The brain has multiple intelligence structures. Gardner, an American professor of psychology, proposed the theory of multiple intelligences. He believes that the human brain is composed of at least eight kinds of intelligence, which are: language intelligence, mathematical logic intelligence, visual space intelligence, body movement intelligence, music intelligence, interpersonal communication intelligence, self-reflection intelligence and natural observation intelligence. Generally speaking, each individual has more or less these eight kinds of intelligence, but their combination and degree of play are different, and they all have their own relative advantages and disadvantages in the field of intelligence, such as people with strong language expression ability, and some show extraordinary mathematical genius. Therefore, for children, do not talk about heroes with achievements, the excitement of life is not only achievements, but also to look at them from the perspective of comprehensive development.
8. Pay attention to your child's sports
Exercise can excite the body and promote the release of glucose stored in the liver, which plays an important role in the formation and consolidation of memory. Therefore, moving, more activity, health is healthy brain.
9. Cultivate children's interest in art
The researchers found that art learning is closely linked to a range of cognitive abilities, including attention. Young people trained in art programs have significant differences in academic level and social behavior compared to those who have never had artistic training. Other studies have found that even with a small amount of musical training, brain structure changes.
Homeschooling is both a science and an art. Parents should also grasp the basic knowledge and basic principles of brain science, teach because of the "brain", and avoid falling into the misunderstanding of family education; at the same time, based on brain science knowledge, explore educational methods suitable for their own style.
We need your voices!
Dear parents.
In 2022, Changzhou Minor Growth Guidance Center and Changzhou Radio "Growth Gas Station" continue to cooperate to launch the media column "Your heart is willing to listen", in order to continuously improve the quality of the program, better help minors and parents grow together, now from the majority of listeners and friends to collect relevant suggestions, please speak freely, thank you!
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