On the afternoon of March 23, the second lesson of the "Tiangong Classroom" was officially held and broadcast live on the China Space Station, and the astronauts of shenzhou 13 were taught by Zhai Zhigang, Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu. In the about 45 minutes of lectures, the astronauts cooperated with each other to vividly demonstrate the space "ice and snow" experiment, the liquid bridge demonstration experiment, the water and oil separation experiment, and the space parabolic experiment in the microgravity environment, explained the scientific principles behind the experimental phenomena, demonstrated some space science facilities, and introduced the work and life on the space station.
The astronauts also brought the traditional and unique chinese folk handicraft - tie-dye to the space station, and demonstrated the production process of tie-dye.
Tie-dyed into space
As we all know, our Dali Bai tie-dye technology has a long history, with high historical and cultural value and artistic value, to Dali City Xizhou Town Zhoucheng Village Bai tie-dye is the most representative, Zhoucheng is known as "China's Bai tie-dye town". In May 2006, bai tie-dyeing techniques were announced by the State Council as the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage representative projects.
What's so special about tie-dye made in space? We followed space teacher Wang Yaping to see the details and mysteries of space tie-dye!
“
Hello students, I am space teacher Wang Yaping, the last space lecture I showed you the surface tension of the liquid in the weightless environment, you see that in the weightless environment with pure water can make a large water ball that can not be done on the ground. Today I would like to show you another interesting phenomenon, which is also related to an intangible cultural heritage of our country.
”
Wang Yaping first showed the obvious difference between twisting a towel in space and twisting on the ground, the magical phenomenon of water attached to the hand under microgravity, and explained the capillary adsorption, paving the way for the introduction of tie-dye techniques.
Here I would like to introduce you to one of our intangible cultural heritages, tie-dye. Tie-dye, also known as tie-valerian and valerian, is a traditional and unique dyeing process, which is generally divided into two parts: knotting and dyeing.
The next expected tie-dye demonstration began. Wang Yaping first used tools such as yarn, thread, and rope to tie, sew, tie, embellish, clip and other operations to keep the knotted part of the fabric in its original color, and then dye the fabric with dyes such as banlan root.
The method of bundling directly affects the pattern of the final work, which is a key step, different lashing methods can produce different tie-dye patterns, and guess what kind of pattern I will tie up in a moment?
Next we prepare the dye. This is the plate blue root dye powder that needs to be used for tie-dyeing, and after mixing it with water, it is the dye we want to use.
After the dyeing is completed, the binding part is disassembled, and the tie-dye work is formed in a light and natural, layered tie-dye work.
Students see, the blue and white tie-dye works are complete! Isn't it beautiful? This is my tie-dye work, and students can try different ways of tying to make your own tie-dye work that is unique to you!
Space tie-dye allowed the students to feast their eyes and at the same time better understand the traditional culture of the motherland, and witnessed the wonderful integration of thousands of years of traditional culture and modern science and technology.
Tie-dye in Dali
Bai people worship white, believing that it is pure, dignified, and otherworldly, no matter how well they are dressed or the gatehouse, they make good use of white, and the geographical location of sitting in the blue sky and surrounding the Erhai Sea makes it closely connected to and inseparable from blue. The ingenious Dali Bai people recreated the blue sky and white clouds on the cloth, creating "embroidery without needle and thread, unsweaked color brocade".
Bai tie-dye presents the Beijing Winter Olympics
history
Tie-dye ancient called "za valian" "stranded valerian", commonly known as "printed cloth" or "tie flower cloth", tie-dye history can be traced back to the Western Han Dynasty, is one of the continent's long-standing textile dyeing technology.
In Dali, where bai people live, as early as more than a thousand years ago, bai ancestors understood the "dyeing and picking show", especially in the tang dynasty, tie-dye has become a folk fashion, tie-dye products have also been used as imperial tributes. The dyeing technology is not passed down, except for Xizhou Town and the neighboring places of Weishan Mountain, there is no tie-dyeing, and compared with the surrounding dams, Zhoucheng Village, located on the bank of the Erhai Sea, is most famous for its tie-dyeing skills and scale, and in its heyday, the village "has dyeing tanks and every household has tie-dye".
Bai people can't live without tie-dye all their lives
Tie-dyed blue and white
Through a thousand years of time
It has long been infiltrated into the background of Bai people's life
●Children who have just come into the world need to be wrapped in cloth dyed with gossip patterns.
● The old man's birthday clothes should be cut with tie-dye cloth that is repeatedly dipped seven or eight times and the color is as dark as ink black.
● When a woman gets married, the dowry must be made of tie-dye cloth, headdress, bedding...
raw material
The dye of bai tie-dye comes from the Cangshan Mountains
Naturally grown blue and plate blue roots
Mugwort and other natural plants
The most used is the banlan root
The banlan roots that were previously used to dye cloth were wild on the mountain
Later, the dosage was large
The people who dye the cloth grow their own on the mountain
Good ones can grow up to half a person tall
Harvested in March and April every year
Dye is made in pine barrels
Tie-dye raw materials are pure white cloth or cotton and linen blend white cloth
When staining
Stitch the painted pattern on the white cloth with needle and thread
Commonly known as tie flowers
A tie-up cloth is called a knotty cloth
The pimples do not color when they are dipped into the dyeing vat
When unfolded, a pattern is formed
Due to the border of the pattern is infiltrated by the dyeing solution
The pattern produces a natural vignette
Green with green, dignified and elegant, thin as smoke
As light as a cicada's wings, as if looming
craft
According to the artistic needs of the color and pattern of light and shade, the number of dips also has its own exquisite, bleaching blue cloth is generally immersed in 2 channels, the wool blue cloth is soaked and dyed 4 times, and the dark blue cloth is soaked and dyed 6 or 7 times. The more blue it is dyed, the darker it becomes, and "blue is better than blue" is probably the truth.
Each dip is laborious not to say
Each dye must also be fished out to dry
Dye the next one
A batch of cloth takes several days to dye
After dyeing and drying, the pimple cloth should be taken apart and rinsed
Some faint penetration will appear in the edges of the blue and white
The colors are softer
After flattening
A nice tie-dye cloth is it
Inheritance
The Bai tie-dye patterns that have been handed down to this day are widely used, often using local mountain customs as creative materials, or Cangshan colorful clouds, or Erhai waves, or myths and legends, or ethnic customs, or flowers, birds, fish and insects, which are interesting and varied.
Recently
Dali Xizhou Bai women in pattern art
Ancient sewing techniques and modern printing and dyeing techniques
combined on a foundation
Innovation
A new hand-dyed technology of color tie-dye was developed
Color tie-dye breaks through the limitations of traditional monochromatic tie-dye tones
Emphasize multi-color coordination and color unity
When using the tie seam
The difference between wide, narrow, loose, tight, sparse and dense
The shades of staining vary
Create an artistic effect with different patterns
In recent years, governments at all levels have successively announced a number of representative inheritors of Bai tie-dye skills at the national, provincial, state and county levels, and built a national-level productive protection demonstration base and a tie-dye museum to promote the living inheritance and sustainable development of tie-dye.
Reporter: Zhang Hui Comprehensively compiled from CCTV News and Dali Intangible Cultural Heritage
Editor: Zhou Hua
Duty Week: Hu Yaling, Yang Dani
Editor-in-Chief: Li Sheng