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World TB Day
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The incidence of students is high, and prevention and control in schools should be paid attention to
TB is one of the world's largest infectious killers. 24 March is the 27th World TB Day, with the theme "Life First, Action for All, Shared Health, Ending TB".
In recent years, cluster tuberculosis outbreaks on campus have occurred from time to time, seriously affecting the health of students. Experts from Hunan Provincial People's Hospital remind that schools and students are the key places and important groups of people in tuberculosis prevention and control, and only by improving students' awareness of tuberculosis prevention and control and enhancing students' awareness of prevention and control can they reduce and gradually avoid the outbreak of tuberculosis in schools.
"Tuberculosis is the most important type of tuberculosis." Fu Daiyan, deputy chief physician of the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, said that tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that occurs in lung tissue, trachea, bronchi and pleura, including tuberculosis of the lung parenchyma, tracheobronchial tuberculosis and tuberculous pleurisy. Its symptoms are mainly cough, sputum cough for more than 2 weeks, as well as hemoptysis or blood sputum, fever, night sweats, fatigue, etc., transmitted by droplets. At present, the reported incidence of tuberculosis among mainland students is about one-third of the reported incidence of the whole population, and the 15-24 age group accounts for about 85% of the total reported incidence of disease among students, especially the 18-year-old age group has the highest proportion.
Why are students susceptible to tuberculosis? Fu Daiyan said that students are prone to tuberculosis after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis due to the heavy learning burden, the immune system is still developing, the protective effect of BCG vaccine is limited, nutritional imbalance, lack of physical exercise and other factors. At the same time, schools are highly concentrated places, and students have close contact and long time in school learning and other activities, so tuberculosis prevention and control in schools is a top priority.
Fu Daiyan reminds that in the prevention and control of tuberculosis, students and schools should pay attention to "early detection, early reporting, and early treatment.". Once there are suspicious symptoms of tuberculosis, the teacher or school should be informed in a timely and proactive manner so as to help other students receive screening as soon as possible. At the same time, go to the general hospital or tuberculosis specialist hospital to further improve the relevant examinations, and carry out formal anti-tuberculosis treatment as soon as possible after diagnosis.
The daily prevention and control of tuberculosis in schools should be "five strengthened":
Strengthening physical examinations for new students and tuberculosis screening for faculty and staff;
Strengthen health education for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis among students;
Strengthen exercise and nutrition, improve autoimmunity, maintain a good work and rest and healthy psychology, etc.;
Strengthen daily morning examinations, tracing and registration of the causes of absenteeism due to illness, management of tuberculosis patients from school, etc., and actively cooperate with the disease control department to carry out disposal work after the emergence of tuberculosis patients;
Strengthen the improvement of the teaching and living environment, maintain indoor ventilation, disinfect the air (ultraviolet rays), and reduce the risk of tuberculosis infection.
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Text: Zhang Weixia
Image, animation: Fu Daiyan
Editor: Zhang Weixia
Review: Zhou Jinrong