Modern Express News Rare Super-large Paleolithic Ruins at Home and Abroad, Over 150 Square Meters of "Front And Back Residence" Type Large Continuous Long Room ... On March 18, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences unveiled the "New Discoveries of Chinese Archaeology in 2021" in Beijing, and 6 archaeological projects including the Paleolithic Ruins of Piluo in Daocheng County, Sichuan, the Neolithic Ruins of Huangshan in Nanyang City, Henan Province, the Sanxingdui Shang Dynasty Ruins in Guanghan City, Sichuan, the Guozishan Warring States Tomb in Zhangshu City, Jiangxi Province, the Qin han Cemetery in Zhengjiahun In Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, and the Tuguhun Royal Tomb Group in the Tang Dynasty in Wuwei City, Gansu Province, were listed.
△ Paleolithic ruins and relics of Piluo in Daocheng County
The most exquisite Ashley hand axe in East Asia, appearing in Daocheng, Sichuan
Located in Daocheng County, Ganzi Prefecture, Sichuan Province, with an average altitude of about 3,750 meters and an area of 1 million square meters, the Sichuan Daocheng Pyro Site is a rare super-large Paleolithic site at home and abroad.
Ashley's hand axe, thin-bladed axe... Starting in April 2021, after more than six months of archaeological excavations, a joint archaeological team formed by the Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and Peking University collected and excavated more than 10,000 relics here. Most importantly, they found the most typical form, the most exquisite production, the most mature technology, and the most complete combination of Ashel in East Asia.
The Ashel stone tool culture dates from 1.7 million to 200,000 years ago, so named after the earliest discovery in Saint-Ascher, France. In the 1940s, similar technologies had not yet been discovered in East Asia, so some western scholars concluded that the ancient cultures of the East lagged behind those of the West.
According to experts, the Ashel stone tools of the Pilo site are not only abundant in number, but also the strata and era are very clear, which is the product of the conclusive Ashley technical system found for the first time in East Asia, which can be comparable to the remains of the late Western Ashel, reflecting the cultural exchanges between the East and the West in the Paleolithic Era, and completely breaking the prejudice of "the backwardness of the ancient civilization of the East".
△ Aerial panorama of the Tanfang Area of the Summit Terrace of the Huangshan Neolithic Ruins in Nanyang City, Henan Province
People loved Dushan jade 5,000 years ago and built a large workshop of 150 square meters
The Huangshan Neolithic ruins in Huangshan Village, Nanyang City, are just 3 kilometers away from this famous jade-producing mountain.
From May 2018 to December 2021, the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology and the Nanyang Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology conducted continuous active excavations of the Huangshan Neolithic site for many years. At present, the entire excavation area of the site is 2,400 square meters, divided into three excavation areas, not only excavating a large number of ruins such as housing sites, tombs, ash pits, etc., but also excavating more than 23,000 relics.
In the site, archaeologists not only found Dushan jade, but also found the workshops that produced jade and stone tools at that time. It is understood that
At that time, there were generally two kinds of workshops, one was a medium-sized building with "square and residence", and the other was a large-scale building of the "front square and back residence", and the largest of which was a large continuous long room with an area of more than 150 square meters. In these workshops, there is a rectangular flat-roofed furnace, in addition to the function of living life, it also grinds and crafts jade stone tools, and also produces bone hammers and bone cones.
Experts believe that the Huangshan Neolithic site has distinct jade tool making characteristics, including multiple cultural types, and is currently the largest area, the highest specification of the ruins and rich connotations found in the Nanyang Basin, reflecting the characteristics of the cultural exchange and integration of the north and south in the late Neolithic era.
△ Sanxingdui No. 4 pit unearthed a bronze statue kneeling with a twisted head
Gold masks, bronze statues, ivory... Sanxingdui is shocking the world again
Sleeping for three thousand years, waking up shocked the world. Hailed as "one of the most significant archaeological discoveries of mankind in the 20th century," the Sanxingdui site has surprised the public 35 years after its discovery in Pits 1 and 2. It is understood that since the excavation of the Sanxingdui site sacrifice area began in March 2020, the distribution range and internal pattern of the sacrifice area have been preliminarily clarified, and 6 "sacrifice pits" have been newly discovered.
Up to now, 6 newly discovered "sacrifice pits" have unearthed more than 11,000 pieces of numbered cultural relics, while more than 2,400 pieces of nearly complete vessels, including more than 870 pieces of bronze, 510 pieces of gold, more than 450 pieces of jade, more than 120 pieces of stone tools, 13 pieces of pottery, and more than 400 pieces of complete ivory.
△ Sanxingdui No. 5 pit unearthed gold masks
Important cultural relics include gold masks, bird-shaped gold leaf ornaments, bronze-crowned kneeling figures, copper head-turned kneeling figures, bronze standing figures, bronze heads, copper masks, bronze statues, copper "altars", bronze dragons, etc. Some cultural relics have never been seen before from the perspective of modeling and ornamentation.
Experts said that the archaeological excavation of the sacrifice area of the Sanxingdui site further explains the basic understanding that the ancient Shu civilization is an important part of the Chinese civilization; at the same time, the newly discovered unprecedented relics and cultural relics will promote the study of the sacrifice behavior and sacrifice system of the Sanxingdui site and the ancient Shu civilization, and make up for the shortcomings and gaps in the previous exploration and research in this regard.
△ Distribution map of the Warring States tombs in Zhangshu City, Jiangxi Province
How long were the instruments of the Warring States period? Yue Royal Nobility: My kite 2.3 meters
In the second half of 2017, after the approval of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Zhangshu City Museum formed a joint archaeological team to conduct archaeological excavations on it.
Although the tomb was disturbed by early theft, there are still more than 2600 sets of artifacts. The excavated artifacts are mainly lacquered wood ware, but there are also metalware, ceramics and jade ware. Bells, drums, pianos, sergeants, kites, bell knobs, drum stands, chime stands... The instruments in the tomb can almost open a concert. It is understood that several musical instruments are very well preserved, and the unearthed lacquer patterns are complex and the colors are gorgeous; the total length of the kites reaches 2.3 meters, which is the longest piece of the pre-Qin period found so far.
△ Jiangxi Zhangshu City Guozishan Warring States Tomb unearthed bronze sitting figures
Inscriptions were found on the two bronze ge (戟) excavated, and after expert research, the inscription indicates that the owners of the two pieces of Ge (戟) were Xuansun Fei of Yue Wang's Gou Jian and one of Feng's sons.
Experts say that the Jiangxi Zhangshu Guozishan Warring States Tomb is the largest archaeological excavation in Jiangxi so far in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. The tomb has a ditch on the outside, and inside is a double tomb passage multi-chamber structure, the rafters are covered with wooden veneer, the use of ship-shaped coffins, plus the relics excavated inside the tomb and the inscriptions on them ... Both have prominent Yue cultural factors, from which it can be inferred that the tomb owner has a high status, most likely a Yue royal family noble.
△ Hubei Yunmeng County Zhengjia lake Warring States Qin Han cemetery unearthed tiger head pillow
Hubei Yunmeng is out of Qin Jian again! Let's see "The First Long Article"
Speaking of Hubei Yunmeng, the first thing that may come to mind may be the Sleeping Tiger Land Qin Jian, this time selected Zhengjiahu Warring States Qin Han Cemetery is located in Chengguan Town, Yunmeng County, Hubei Province, about 3000 meters away from sleeping tiger land.
△ Bronze artifacts excavated from the Warring States Qin han cemetery in Zhengjiahu County, Yunmeng County, Hubei Province
In 2021, a number of precious written materials were unearthed here, including a long-text wooden piece (a kind of polygonal wood), which is the earliest "first long-text" seen in the current era. The full text is about 700 words, the font is typical of Qin Li, and it is recorded that the counselor Jie persuaded the King of Qin to sleep in the army and establish righteousness, and the style and style of writing are similar to the "Warring States Policy". It is the earliest and longest wooden tree seen so far, with rare shape and rich connotation, involving archaeology, paleography, paleography, ancient history and many other fields, and has great academic value.
In addition, a number of rare wooden plank paintings of funerary tools have been unearthed, dating from the end of the Warring States period - the Qin Dynasty and the Qin and Han Dynasties. The themes are all first-seen, filling the historical gap in the materials and types of Qin and Han paintings in the Warring States, and are important discoveries in the history of Chinese art, which is of great significance for tracing the formation of Chinese tomb murals.
△ The pen and ink paper in the lacquer box excavated from the tomb of Murong Zhi of Wuwei in Gansu Province
More than 800 pieces (groups) of funerary items, the luxurious life underground of the Tuguhun royal family
What was the life of the royal family 1400 years ago? Murong Zhi, the third son of Murong Nuobao, the last king of Tuguhun, said that he would also enjoy luxury when he went underground.
The tomb of Murong Zhi, the Xiwang of Chashan Village, Qilian Town, Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Wuwei City, is the only completely preserved tomb of the Tuguhun royal family found so far. In his tomb, more than 800 artifacts (groups) have been unearthed.
△ The tomb of Murong Zhi of Wuwei in Gansu Province unearthed a complete set of gold and silver dining utensils
There are lacquer plates, silver spoons, mills, forks, sheng, flutes and other models of food and dance; there are clay pots, clay pots, beard beds, six-curved screens, large painted wooden beds and other practical utensils and burial utensils; iron armor, saddles and all kinds of gilt and silver harnesses, bows, Hulu and other complete sets of weapons and equipment ... Many of the funerary items are the first or rare discoveries of related cultural relics in China at the same time.
The tomb of Murong Zhi, the King of Xi, is only a representative of the Tuguhun tomb group in the Tang Dynasty of Wuwei, Gansu. From 2019 to 2021, archaeologists surveyed and explored about 400 square kilometers in the Wuwei Nanshan area, confirmed a total of 23 Tuguhun tombs, and divided the Wuwei Tuguhun royal tomb group into three major mausoleum areas. Experts say that these tombs not only have the Tang Dynasty burial system, but also reflect the cultural factors of Tuguhun, Tubo and northern grasslands, revealing the process of gradual integration of the Tuguhun people into the Chinese civilization system in the nearly one hundred years since their return to the Tang.
Modern Express + reporter Hu Yumei Chu Xihao Zhang Wenying