Recently, another serious earthquake disaster occurred in Japan, which made us also feel sad.
As a doctor, I have seen too many things that have caused secondary injuries or even endangered lives due to improper rescue. Below, we will talk about how to correctly rescue the problem:
One of the most common types of injuries in earthquakes is crush injuries and smash injuries. In the face of the injured, the mood of saving people can be understood, and they all hope to "snatch" the injured from the rubble as soon as possible.
However, let's go back and ask: Are you ready?
Some people will be surprised: what to prepare? It's over!
In fact, it is far from simple. It is not an exaggeration to say that if the rescue is not done properly, the harm of rescue may be greater. For example, a few years ago, a father and a fart mound on the Internet "sat down" with the children behind them, and everyone watched such a video, right? From the doctor's point of view: At that time, if you don't blindly hug it, you may still be saved. Perhaps, just a fracture of the cervical vertebrae. If the spinal cord is not injured, or if it is not so badly injured, it can be fully recovered! But he picked up the child. Well, after the spinal cord loses the protection of the cervical spine, you can think about what the consequences are!
Let's focus on how to rescue the people under pressure below:
Suppose you meet a person who is pressed under a stone slab or wall, how do you save it?
The reason why I put this out alone is because there have been too many painful lessons in this regard before. If you don't understand, I will give you a wake-up call: when the Wenchuan earthquake, there was a young father, who had been in contact with the outside world for a long time when he was pressed down, and during the period, he also said a lot of words to cheer himself up, and also had a yearning for future life. For hours, it remained clear, which shows that vital signs are fine. So the question is: how come there is none?
This is because, one of the most probabilistic problems: when the pressure is suddenly reduced, there is heavy bleeding inside the body or in the limbs, or kidney failure due to squeeze syndrome in the later stage. Of course, the former is more of the majority. That is, the first case is the main cause of the sudden disappearance of the injured person.
Some people say that people press down and don't see heavy bleeding, what about heavy bleeding?
What everyone does not know is that here is briefly compared to "external injury" and "internal injury". Trauma refers to rushing blood; internal injury refers to intra-abdominal visceral bleeding, muscle rupture bleeding, and intracranial hemorrhage and so on. Of course, the possibility of intracranial hemorrhage is excluded here. Intracranial hemorrhage, as long as the amount of bleeding is large, the rescue is not timely, and it is almost the same if it is not lifted out.
Let's start with muscle bleeding: when muscles are squeezed by heavy objects, they can cause blood vessels inside the muscles to rupture. A large amount of blood will fill the muscle space and form a hematoma. Such bleeding can sometimes reach hundreds or thousands of milliliters. After lifting a heavy object, this bleeding will accelerate in a short period of time. Therefore, it was shocked after a short time to lift it out.
Let's talk about visceral bleeding in the abdominal cavity: visceral bleeding is indeed sometimes fierce. However, it is assumed that the increased pressure in the abdominal cavity due to heavy squeezing will reduce the amount of bleeding in the abdominal organs to some extent. After this stress is lifted, blood loss may be accelerated. Therefore, after a while there was shock.
So, never lift it out?
No, people must be saved, but pay attention to strategy. The key step is how to fight shock.
In hospitals, the basic anti-shock method is to expand capacity, correct acid and improve microcirculation. Why put capacity expansion in the front? Because scaling is the most critical. The same is true in the wild, with expansion first. Therefore, the first step is to give the injured person one or two thick vein drips.
In the process of lifting out, you have to prepare a bandage or something. Where there is bleeding, directly strangle; where the muscle is rich, it is necessary to first strangle the place where the thing is smashed; if the abdomen is smashed, it is best to take something to strangle the abdomen according to the original pressure. After that, quickly carry it away on a stretcher.
Finally, to add: people with cervical or thoracolumbar spine injuries must pay attention to keeping the spine in a straight line when moving the position, so as to avoid secondary injuries.
After arriving at the hospital, if surgery is required, do not wait until the blood is running out before doing the operation. Take advantage of the time when the physical injury is not large and can still be used as a substitute for surgery. Wait and wait, wait for the patient's internal environment to be disordered, even if the anesthesiologist has the greatest ability, it is difficult to pull back!
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