History is a kaleidoscope, and everyone looks at it from different angles and draws different conclusions.
Liu Lingxian, a female poet of Southern Liang, some people say that she is a woman with a deep affection, and some people say that she is a slut who does not know shame. Chastity and lasciviousness, why do the contradictory adjectives appear in the same woman?
The answer is that people have different interpretations of her poems, so Liu Lingxian's later image also has both positive and negative sides.
One
If you string together several of Liu Lingxian's works into stories, I think it should be like this.
There is no better place on earth than the fireworks in March in Gangnam. Liu Lingxian must remember that the sun was shining on the day she got married, and as the father of the Grand Sima in the middle, he organized a grand wedding for her, which made Miss Liu's marriage known to everyone in the streets. The bridegroom official sitting on a high horse was Xu Huan, the son of Zhongshu Ling's Xu Mian family.
Xu Wu, the character dedication, since childhood, intelligent and sensitive, quite capable of belonging to the text.
Under the envious eyes of the people, Xu Wu took the flower palanquin on horseback and returned to Xu Mansion under the arch guard of the official messenger. Colleagues gathered in the compound of Xu Mansion, and the emperor's marriage decree was placed on the most conspicuous high hall, which was particularly conspicuous. Everyone was in the front hall, but Liu Lingxian in the new house was worried. Is the groom's official fat or thin, tall or short? She didn't know anything, she only knew that he was the son of the Xu family, and his father was the Zhongshu Ling who was in power for a while. For this girl who was about to marry a human wife, everything outside the hijab made her panic.
Fortunately, the hijab was lifted, and a clear face appeared in front of Liu Lingxian. Until many years later, she still remembers the warm sunshine on the day of her marriage, and the face of Xu Wei, who felt warmer than the sun. She looked shyly at the overwhelmed Xu Wu, but Xu Wu just clumsily saluted the bride. That night Xu Wu was particularly gentle, which made Liu Lingxian fall in love with her for a night.
Even if Liu Lingxian was born in the twenty-first century thousands of years later, she would be grateful for this arranged marriage. She is the small group of millions of feudal women who won the first prize, and the fate of "love at first sight" that can be met but cannot be sought happened to her and her husband Xu Wu.
Before meeting Liu Lingxian, Xu Wu was still a young man full of ambition. Southern Liang's social welfare was not stable, and Xu Wu, who was the son of the prime minister, knew this. Young people who have never been born are full of thoughts about feats of meritorious achievement. The young man's writing, gorgeous words. Perhaps only in this way is it enough to make Xu Wu dispatch the arrogance in his chest:
Yan hoof ornamental saddle, flying skeletonized river dry. The teenager Ben went to the county and swam into the dew cold.
The sword is jingshan jade, and the handle is followed by the bead pill. Smelling the edge of the breath, he flew to Chang'an.
It is not difficult to make a promise to yourself, and it is not difficult to give your body for forgiveness. The cham army sent out a thin willow and turned to Lou Lan.
Li Huo, who is famous and strong, can peng Han. Can make the stone drink feathers, and make the hair rush the crown.
It is not a sweat horse to do the work, but to repay the favor. The sun is not full of clouds, and the wind is sad and cold.
Expedition to the west to Xiaoyue, north to the brain karasuma. Returned to the son of tomorrow, Yanranshi resumed publication.
- "The White Horse"
Xu Wu definitely did not expect that his wife was also an extraordinary woman. Although the times restricted the girls' personal freedom and forced them to stay in the boudoir to wait for the wedding date, even so, Liu Lingxian was still exposed to literature under the influence of her father, and practiced good penmanship. It is hard to imagine that a song that expresses thousands of palace grievances, "Grievances with Jie Jie", is actually a work by Liu Lingxian when she was not out of the cabinet:
The sunset should be closed, and the worries should be full of life.
The situation is near, and the wind is singing and blowing.
Spoiling is not hateful in the end, and slander is too ruthless.
Only words argue with each other, non-concubines dance waist light.
Feudal society advocated that women without talent are virtuous, and as everyone knows, this kind of idea can only be held by laymen and corrupt Confucians. For a talented person like Xu Wu, a talented and good-looking woman like Liu Lingxian is the best choice. For Liu Lingxian, this is not the case, Southern Liang is pompous and exaggerated, and it is rare for a boy like Xu Wu, who has both talent and ambition to serve the country.
The two are handsome men and women in their youth, and they have comparable talents, and what is more rare is that the world recognizes their marriage. This kind of marriage makes people sigh involuntarily: "There is nothing more happiness than this." "If the married life of the two is made into a movie, it will most likely cause countless harm to some single people."
The life trajectory of ancient men is different from that of modern people, first starting a family and then establishing a career. After marrying Liu Lingxian for a few years, Xu Wu entered the court as an official under his father's arrangement. What young people need most is not their father's protection, but to break through and experience.
Therefore, Xu Wu was transferred to the local grassroots level, away from the comfortable circle that his father had created for him.
Her husband went out to work as an official, and Liu Lingxian could only wait at home. Now, a thousand years later, people call this kind of love "long-distance love". Unlike modern long-distance relationships, which are as brittle as thin paper, the feelings of the two still maintain their temperature when they part, and there is a great tendency to heat up with time.
After a busy day in a foreign land, the sunset has penetrated into the green mountains. Xu Wu, who had left work, returned to his residence alone, thinking of his wife who stayed at home, and couldn't help but feel nostalgic:
Nichiren thought of Qingyang and crept out of the pepper room.
Networms are born and recommended, and the dust covers the jade bed.
There is no poor shadow, and there is no incense in the empty tent.
Pi Mei was very happy, and sat in a high hall.
Have you forgotten the departed? Xiang Yu was heartbroken.
Talk about the cause of a book to replace the nine intestines.
- "Gift of Inner Poems"
What is Acacia?
The most apt metaphor is the maggot of the tarsal bone.
As long as the love of love gushes into the heart, sour, sweet, bitter, spicy and salty, the face of the sweetheart is constantly flashed in the mind, and the bits and pieces of the two people get along. However, the beauty brought by imagination alone is limited after all, and the gap in reality is impossible to solve. If you can let a good boy who is in his prime of life say such words that are despised by Confucianism and do not appear, the stakes of the disease of lovesickness can be seen.
Why is this not the case for Liu Lingxian, who is waiting for her husband like a star at home and waiting for the moon?
Unlike the grumbling women who remain in the deep boudoir, she knows how to put her thoughts and feelings on paper. She had already written a thick stack of letters to her husband, but she was afraid that her children's love would delay Xu Wu's desire to serve the country, so she had to give up. Until she received this letter from Xu Wu, the thoughts in her heart could no longer be contained:
The flower garden is beautiful and oblique, and the orchid is light and graceful.
Sunset renew makeup, open the curtains against the spring tree.
The chirping oriole leaves ring in the middle, and the butterflies and flowers between the birds.
Tuning the piano is meant to be happy, but the heart is not fun.
Good will be sincere is not far away, and the good period is not encountered now.
There are many resentments in the desire to know, and the spring is deep and twilight.
- "Two Poems of Answering Foreign Poems"
The flowers, trees, stones, and springs in the courtyard are very vibrant under the nourishment of spring, and people who originally look at these beautiful views will become happy. However, every time I think that the person I miss the most in my heart is still far away, these fleeting pleasures are gone. Is there anything more lonely for a woman than the deep boudoir at dusk in spring?
No.
Similar letters, the two sent each other countless letters. Liu Lingxian collected every letter and refused to show it easily. Only once accidentally dropped a letter on the ground and was picked up by the beard, which allowed some love poems to circulate in the world.
Just as the so-called "one year of keeping, three years of pain, five years of separation, seven years of itching", most couples often encounter such and such problems after marriage, but the married life between Liu Lingxian and Xu Wu is always the same. If you insist on picking bones in the egg, perhaps Xu Wu has "itched", but this sign was curbed by Liu Lingxian in time.
It was the fifth year after Xu Wu left, and this time he sent a small poem to his family letter. However, this poem made Liu Lingxian read it like a great enemy, and the nature of a woman made her heart flutter:
Acacia went to the North Pavilion and leaned on the owner.
Suddenly there is a Dangxuan tree, which also contains a sun flower.
Fang xian class red powder, than su ruo lead Hua.
It also makes the heart remember, and the Mi Ling wants to be narrow and evil.
There is no obstacle all the way, the pulse is like a cloud.
Yancheng cannot be crossed, and words are loose.
——" The Peach Tree in Front of the House
In the southern beam of "the prostitute is overwhelmed with sorrow and ends the Lower Qinglou", Xu Wu stubbornly guards the virginity of his sweetheart.
Perhaps the word "shouzhen" does not apply to men, but Xu Wu's approach is indeed like keeping chastity for his lover. The national strength is not good, the people's strength is difficult, Xu Wu has to withstand huge pressure every day. After work, colleagues all went to the Brothel of Qinglou to relax, but Xu Wu did not dare. In his heart, he never forgot his wife at home.
Thoughts can not be contained, physiological and psychological desire for the opposite sex, what should be done?
Then go up to the tall building and look at the girls in the neighborhood to have a good time. Who knows looking at it, every peach blossom face has become Liu Lingxian, and it seems that every beautiful woman is a lady. This thought could not be dissolved at all, and the rules of distance, parents, and monarchs restricted Xu Wu, making it impossible for him to stay with his sweetheart. There was no way, he could only write all this into a letter, hoping that the thin paper could carry this confusing thought and fly to the side of his sweetheart.
Someone from Xu Mansion came knocking on the door, and Liu Lingxian still sent ya gui out to check whether her husband had sent a letter. When Ya Gui delivered the letter to Liu Lingxian's hand, she smiled and quickly opened the letter paper inside and held it in the palm of her hand. Who knew that reading and reading, the poems in the letter made Liu Lingxian's face look sad. Good you Xu Wu, I am at home filial piety to the in-laws waiting for you to return, you dare to "miss each other to the North Pavilion, migrate to the East Family", whose girl made you so concerned?
Women are often sensitive, and after seeing certain sentences that make them uncomfortable, they will never "combine the full text analysis", but look at the text. Liu Lingxian stubbornly believed that Xu Hao had "mentally derailed", so she frowned and wrote him back:
Night Moon Fang Goddess, Asaka Yu Luo Concubine.
Also look at the color in the mirror, than Yan self-knowledge.
The words are good, and even the class is obedient.
Although Zhifu was already beautiful, he did not dare to hope for the fallen city.
It is said that the god of water has fallen into the country, and I am very self-aware, and after looking in the mirror, I am sure that I have no such beauty. Where do I have the "East Pavilion Girl" who looks beautiful? You should still go to see someone else, and don't come back to see me in the future.
I don't know what kind of mentality Xu Hao will have after reading this poem with disgust, most of them write letters and buy gifts, and then entrust people to send them to their homes to comfort their wives and not to be jealous. Although this is a small storm in the love life of the two people, why not a concoction in a long-distance relationship?
However, the "Murphy's Law" just happened between the young couple, and perhaps it was the jealousy that separated them from yin and yang. In 525, when her husband was thirty years old, Liu Lingxian received the bad news of Xu Wu's death.
The man named Xu Wu left Liu Lingxian forever.
It can be said that his departure is like cutting off Liu Lingxian's heart in half. After Xu Wu's coffin was returned to Xu Mansion, Liu Lingxian almost fainted. On the day of her husband's funeral, she accompanied Xu Wu on her last journey despite her physical discomfort and wrote down the sacrifice text on the spiritual hall:
In the fifth year of Wei Liang Datong, the bride recommended the spirit of The Young Prisoner of Xu Fujun:
Only Junde is wise and elegant, learning is better than mountains, and discerning the same river.
Ming Jing Promoted Xiu, Guang Chao Zhenye. Tune in, the sound is high.
Including Pandalu, super final Maija. The two instruments are both the cause and the judgment is divided.
Jian Xian Yi De, Nai Li Fu Jun. The outer ruler is in vain, and the inner is unknown.
Fortunately, he is quite accustomed to Lan Kaoru. The style of the piano, the reciprocal canon.
Furen is difficult to test, and the expression is easy to promote. Hail crush spring red, frost carved summer green.
Bow down to the righteousness and watch the enlightenment. At first sight, there is no end to the life, and a hundred bodies are redeemed.
Woohoo!
Although life and death are different, love and affection are still the same.
Dare to follow the first good, hand tune ginger orange.
The su trick is empty, and the foundation is overflowing.
The old days were raised in unison, different from today.
Temporarily parted from the army, and thought of the building;
Bo You did not reverse, Shangbi Feipeng;
If you do this, it will always hurt.
What are the hundred years? Fountain Cave Fang Tong.
- "Priest Xu Jingyewen"
Since then, the world in Liu Lingxian's eyes is black and white, and there is no longer any brilliance, because there is no longer Xu Wu in the world.
"There were seventy brothers and sons and nephews at that time, and they could belong to the literature, which had not been seen in ancient times. His third sister, One Suitable Lang Evil King Shuying, one Suitable Wu County Zhang Sheng, one Suitable East Sea Xu Huan, and has the talent to learn. Wife Wen You Qingba, the so-called Liu Sanniang also. He was a pawn of Jin'an County, and his wife was sacrificed, and his resignation was very sad. Father Mian wanted to mourn, and see this article, it is a cabinet pen. ”
This story was written based on the records in the "History of the South" combined with Liu Lingxian's poems. At this point, the story of Liu Lingxian, a pure love woman, is over, and we will take a look at how Liu Lingxian became a slut in the eyes of Ming and Qing scholars.
Two
When writing a story, you always have to find allusions. The author says that Liu Lingxian is a pure love woman, which is evidenced by poetry and historical data. Some people say that Liu Lingxian is a slut, and Ming and Qing scholars have also come up with corroborating evidence, which is also a poem created by Liu Lingxian before her death.
Liu Lingxian's most controversial poems consist of three:
The first is "Guangzhai Temple";
The second is "Title Ganjiao Leaf Shows People";
The third is "Picking a Gardenia with One Heart and Giving It to Xie Niang for Attaching This Poem".
Without further ado, let's analyze it word by word to see why Liu Lingxian was characterized as a slut, and whether this is a scholar's misreading or a real thing.
The first is "Hikari-ji Temple":
The promenade is delightful, and the guangdian is greeted.
In the hedang qu room, there was no sound in the shadows.
Based on the literal meaning of the poem alone, analyzed in modern Chinese, Liu Lingxian stands at one end of the corridor "watching", and a man at the other end "meets" her. The two entered the meditation room, but they could not hear the sound of preaching the scriptures, and everything was in silence.
Therefore, scholars of the Ming and Qing dynasties pointed out that this was a lascivious sentence, which was made when Liu Lingxian and the monk had an affair.
The reason why people have this prejudice is that it is more common to have quarrels between monks and female benefactors during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. For example, the Hidden Spirit Temple at the time of Emperor Qiwu was called the "Holy Land of Fornication" at that time. "Monks and nuns are not very young, and the common people are not exhausted, or they enter them in boxes", whether they are monks or nuns, they often do not hold color rings, and use large boxes to transport handsome men and beautiful women into the temple for sexual pleasure.
Emperor Liang Yuan's wife Xu Zhaopei, the half-old Xu Niang who only put on half makeup to mock her husband's one eye, once secretly met with the beautiful man He Hui in the Puxianni Temple, and wrote him a poem. The content of that poem is similar to that written by Liu Lingxian, so later scholars will feel that Liu Lingxian wrote obscene poems.
It is not easy to characterize this poem from the artistic conception, after all, everyone's level of appreciation is different, and if you want to "whitewash" it, you have to analyze it word by word.
In the phrase "long corridor welcomes the eye", the most problematic is the word "eye". Scholars who say that Liu Lingxian is lascivious have understood it as the meaning of "secretly sending Autumn Waves", that is, Liu Lingxian flew his eyes towards a handsome male monk.
In fact, in Old Chinese, the meaning of "seeing" is more serious, and it has the meaning of respect and respect.
And look at the "Book of Han" it is mentioned that "the four people have finished their lives and are going to go." At that time, Shangshan Sihao gave the crown prince a birthday, and Gaozu Liu Bang watched them go away to show respect. It can be seen that it is not necessary to understand "sighting" as a ceremonial action other than the ritual law.
Since this incident occurred in the temple, we have to look for the answer from the Literature related to Buddhism. In Buddhist culture, "seeing" is often used by laypeople to pay homage to senior monks, taking the "Biography of the Continuing High Monk" as an example:
"Those who cling to the road and do not stop to greet and see, their majesty is so touching."
There is also the "Collection of The Three Treasures of Shenzhou":
"Fill the Heavens with the Eyes of the Tao, chase after the common regrets, and regret the clouds."
The successful practice of the senior monk Shi Huijue in the "Biography of the Continuing High Monk" carries a kind of majesty that is admirable. As for the strange monk in the "Collection of The Three Treasures of Shenzhou", it is because he has superb divine powers.
In any case, "seeing" is a sense of respect, not frivolity. If "seeing" has the meaning of frivolity, then how inconspicuous must it be for a group of ordinary people to "fly their eyes" at the monks?
Therefore, the explanation of "Long Corridor Xinmu Sending" should be that Liu Lingxian met a virtuous monk who impressed her in the monastery. Liu Lingxian either gained something through the enlightenment of the senior monk, or simply admired the prestige of the senior monk, so she looked at the senior monk with respect.
The second sentence, "Guangdian Yue Meets you", cannot be interpreted in modern Chinese. Since he sincerely worships the monk, the monk on the other side smiles and beckons the female benefactor to enter the meditation room. Greeting is not a joyous way to pick people in, but another deep meaning.
We still look for answers from the Buddhist scriptures, and look at the Dafang Guangfo Huayan Sutra:
"Seeking a high seat, calling oneself a master, should be supplied, should not be a deacon, and seeing that there are old and long-standing cultivators who do not afford to meet and refuse to undertake things is a slow karma."
And the Diamond Sutra Interpretation:
"To all evil beings, to endure humiliation on their own and in a gentle manner, to rejoice in everything, not to go against their will, to make them rejoice, to quench their hearts, and to be righteous, is the root of all goodness."
What is Feng Ying?
It is a compassionate mind and a responsibility for all sentient beings. Greeting those suffering beings who are in confusion, a higher level of verb than "greeting" is "receiving.".
Speaking of this, the author can't help but think of a small incident recorded in the "Dongpo Q&A":
The Buddha Seal and Su Shi meditated together, and the Buddha Seal said that seeing Su Dongpo's posture was like the Buddha, and Su Shi said that the Buddha Seal's posture was like a pool of cow dung.
As everyone knows, the Buddha seal looks at Su Dongpo with the heart of a Buddha, so he sees the Buddha;
Su Shi looked at the Buddha seal with a stubborn heart, so what he saw was cow dung.
If the human heart is dirty, nothing is clean. Of course, even more unclean is the misreading of the last two sentences:
"In the room of He Dangqu, there is no sound in the shadows", Ming and Qing scholars understand this sentence to mean that Liu Lingxian and the monk entered the Zen room and engaged in unseemly activities.
The "Qu Room" is the place where the monks practice, also known as the Zen Room. It's not a bedroom, and there's no big bed. Some people, when they read The Theory of Discernment, think of dirty things. In the phrase "The curved room, the jagged complex temple", there is both "窈窕", which will make people with hearts think of women, how sad.
When it comes to the sentence "there is no sound in the shadows", it is by no means a fragrant description of "everything is in the unspoken", but it is a classic.
There is a sentence in the relatively well-known Lotus Sutra:
"If the one who speaks is alone in idle places, lonely and has no voice, and reads this scripture, I will appear at all times, and I will be pure and bright."
And the Mahayana Bunsen Mind View Sutra:
"Stay away from those who stir up silence, give up their lives to seek the Buddha's path, and be able to live in silence without a sound, and they will not be able to stand up to all kinds of chaos."
The so-called "no voice" can be understood as a state of practice without a scattered mind and quiet practice. Combined with the previous sentence, this means that the monks in the Temple of Hikari enter into meditation in the meditation room and enter into some kind of advanced practice.
It can be seen that "Guangzhai Temple" is what Liu Lingxian saw and felt when she visited the temple, and it is also a hymn to the style of the monk.
Let's analyze the second song "Title Ganjiao Ye Shows People":
The weeping seems to be non-alienated, and the dream cry is too real.
But that night the pillow knew that no one was aware of this.
Ming and Qing scholars characterized the poem as a "drowning language", and many people believe that it is a widow's confession poem about missing her deceased husband.
If ancient poems have no title, we should analyze the verses in terms of content alone, and it is only right to conclude that this conclusion is appropriate. After all, words such as "night pillow", "dream crying", "sunset crying", "no one" and so on will always remind us of an empty, lonely and cold widowed woman.
Since the poems that want to be "shown" are just empty and lonely, it is inevitable that they are a bit pretentious.
The ancient poetry scene is not a modern talent show, and there are not so many poets who sell for fame.
Therefore, "night pillow", "dream cry", "sunset cry" is just an anthropomorphic description, and the nature is set off by banana leaves.
The meaning of the whole poem goes something like this:
On a rainy night, the sound of raindrops falling on banana leaves is like crying. It sounds like the frequency of raindrops is high, and the rain should be very large. By late at night, the sound of raindrops on the banana leaves became quieter, like sobbing in a dream. The scattered raindrops, even, can be counted, indicating that the rain is already very small. The mood of rain hitting the plantain may only be experienced when people lie quietly in bed late at night, but if they change other times, no one can perceive it.
Where is the writing of what grudges, this is clearly teaching people how to appreciate the "rain hit the banana".
In the whole poem, there is not a single word of reference to "sweet banana", but the banana that has been hit by wind and rain has been vividly presented to the reader.
Who planted banana trees in front of the window, the atrium was shady. The atrium is full of shade. Ye Ye has a heart, and Shu Roll has residual feelings.
Sad pillow on the three more rain, dripping rain. Drip by bit. Worried about the northerners, not used to getting up and listening.
Li Qingzhao's poem "Tim Zi Ugly Slave Who Planted a Banana Tree in Front of the Window", after careful reading, do you experience a similar mood? It can be said that similar artistic conceptions have been copied many times, and the originator is Liu Lingxian's "Title Ganjiao Ye Shows People".
Judging from the results, Liu Lingxian's purpose of "showing people" has been achieved, and she has taught people how to appreciate the natural landscape of "raining basho". Some literati have vaguely understood that this poem is Liu Lingxian's grievance, what a narrow understanding!
Finally, let's dismantle the "Picking a Concentric Gardenia for Xie Niang's Attachment to This Poem":
Although the two leaves are gifts, the friendship will never be caused.
Where to cut with the same heart, gardenia is the most important.
Ming and Qing scholars understood the poem as Liu Lingxian's confession of love to her same-sex friend Xie Girl, but this misreading almost made the same mistake as the previous text, that is, it did not see the title of the poem clearly.
The idea of the title "Picking a Gardenia for Giving Xie Niang a Poem" is already quite clear, that is, this poem was written for the gift of a friend's Gardenia.
The reason why Liu Lingxian still wanted to create this poem after the gift was because she wanted to show her literary talent to her girlfriends and gain the approval or approval of the other party.
"Although the two leaves are gifts, the friendship is never caused", this poem borrows the material nature of the gardenia, that is, the characteristics of the leaves of the gardenia flowers are forever separated. But the latter sentence "where to cut with the same heart, gardenia is the most important" is the key, although the leaves grow separately, but after the blossoms, the knots are concentric.
People chant love with gardenias, in fact, after the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Moreover, in addition to love, gardenias can also express friendship or admiration. For example, Han Hong's "Sending Wang Shaofu back to Hangzhou" has a cloud: "Ge Huaman can consume wine, and gardenia is good to give to people." and Mei Yaochen's "Planting Gardenias": "Whoever has the same heart can give it, for the poetry of the past." ”
It can be seen that these three poems cannot be used as evidence to measure Liu Lingxian's character. If Liu Lingxian is characterized as a based on a misreading, it is too unfair for this woman. It is quite common in history for literati to look forward to the righteousness of the literati and wear chisels, but it is not known that this unfair and biased evaluation has had a great influence on the posthumous names of many poets.
Three
Liu Lingxian is by no means a lascivious woman.
On the contrary, her conduct and ethics are quite in line with the "female morality" of the ancients.
In the so-called "controversial" works, we can't dig out any peach-colored news, which simply can't confirm Liu Lingxian's cheating after marriage or widowhood. The so-called "literati are light", perhaps because Liu Lingxian created the "new poem" of Nanshi, so the red-eyed literati slandered her as a "female poet".
Moreover, even if there is a fragrance in Liu Lingxian's poems, it cannot be used to measure her character. The sentences written by the literati are not necessarily the portrayal of their lives. And look at those unforgettable love poems left by Tang Yuanshu, if you don't understand Yuanshu qiren from the verse point of view alone, you still think that this is the first infatuated man in the past and the present, who can think that the man who wrote such a touching and profound love letter is actually the number one scumbag in the Tang Dynasty?
Some people may say that the author's analysis of Liu Lingxian's three poems in the previous article may also be chiseled. If we really want to talk about character in terms of poetry, then we may wish to look at Liu Lingxian's other works. In the "Sacrifice Husband Xu Jingye Wen" quoted in the opening story, Liu Lingxian described her life before and even after marriage in quite detail.
What happened before she married Xu Wu?
"Jian Xian Yide, Nai Li Fu Jun", which means that before marriage, Liu Lingxian has already undergone the test of female morality by the time (matchmaker or parents of both parties), and her conduct before marriage is no problem, and she has been recognized by the husband's family and the introducer.
This sentence is more euphemistic, in fact, Liu Lingxian passed the "premarital physical examination", she was still a virgin before marrying Xu Wu, and there was absolutely no adultery. Many scholars who misread Liu Lingxian viewEduality from the background of the relatively widespread premarital sex in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, unaware that this woman is not a frivolous person, but a fairly conservative traditional woman.
After marrying into the Xu family, what is the relationship between Liu Lingxian and Xu Wu? "Sacrifice Husband Xu Jingyewen" is very clear that "Xi Feng Qi Mei", it can be said that the married life of the two is not any problem, which can also be verified from the love poems between Liu Lingxian and Xu Wu.
After Xu Wu's death, Liu Lingxian promised "How many hundred years?" Quan Cave Fang Tong" vow, that is to say, she is willing to be widowed for her deceased husband in this life, rather than remarrying. In a poem she wrote to her friend Tang Niang, "Answer to the Needle Worn by Tang Niang's Tanabata", there is also a sentence that reads:
Advocates help Han women, beautiful makeup Linyuehua.
Needles are learned and stalked, and wisps bloom.
Widows are desperate, and they are self-inflicted.
Although they did not know each other, they heard of a good family.
He stopped Huo Jun's ride and passed by Liu Hui's car.
There is no reason to speak together, for the time being, look at the sunrise.
It can be seen that Liu Lingxian always kept the festival for her husband after she was widowed, which fully met the moral requirements of the ancients for women to "not go out of the door and not to step".
In summary, no matter from what point of view, Liu Lingxian's character is not a problem. Those scholars who say that Liu Lingxian was a female poet or even a female poet of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, their character is questionable.