I talk about Peking Opera Wusheng Taidou Yang Xiaolou

One

Seriously speaking, Yang Xiaolou lived in the Qing Dynasty for most of his sixty-one years; he was born in the first ten days of November in the third year of the Qing Dynasty (1877) and died on the fifteenth day of the first month of the twenty-seventh year of the Republic of China (1938), (at the age of sixty-one). However, from the perspective of Yang's achievements in drama, it should be that he lived in the Republic of China for more than twenty years, and Fang began to create it. During the greater part of the Sunqing Dynasty, although he was also selected by Cixi to be enshrined in the palace, his famous works of "martial arts and literary singing" were created during the Republic of China.

Speaking of Yang Xiaolou's stage art, the reason why he can be called Wusheng Taidou by posterity, ranking in rank, and Yang at the same time, even slightly older than Yang Shang Heyu (Tongzhi 1873 born in the twelfth year of Tongzhi), slightly inferior to his Yu Zhenting (Guangxu 5th year 1879 birth), although it is also a storm, famous all over the world, but there is no Yang Xiaolou's art can be praised.

why? Yang Xiaolou's drama skills are beyond its class.

Yang Xiaolou is also a descendant of the dramatists, and his father Yang Yuelou is also a martial artist, who has intended to cultivate him from an early age. It just so happens that the son of jiaxun, whose name is sanyuan (child), was born strong, strong and courageous, and when he was six years old, he was bigger than a child of ordinary age, and he was smart and clever, and everyone loved him. As a result, Tan Xinpei, who often visited the Yang family, thought to be a son. At the age of eight, Sanyuan was sent to the "Xiaorong Chun Society" to learn art, and his name was "Yang Chunfu", (the first students who entered the subject were listed as Chunzi generation). Because of his good size and strong arms, the class leader Yang Longshou paid special attention to it, personally enlightened, and successively taught martial arts dramas such as "Shi Xiu Tanzhuang" and "Borer Ridge", so Yang Xiaolou laid a good foundation when he sat in the department.

Yang Xiaolou sat in the department for three years before he introduced acting. He was eleven years old.

When he was in the class, his classmates included Tan Chunfu (Xiao Pei), Cheng Chunde (Cheng Jixian), Ma Chunhe, Guo Chunshan, Ye Chunshan (later Beijing Fulian cheng class leader), Guo Jixiang (daffodil), etc., all of whom enjoyed great fame. Unfortunately, before he could complete his school, his father died in an accident. After leaving the department, he naturally lost his dependence on the future, so he went east to Tianjin and went to the "Juxing Tea Garden" and "Yisheng Heban" to serve as a martial artist (team). However, because of his tall and stout size, he was also rejected in martial arts. Dressed as a general, he was above the other three of the four, standing in a row which was very distracting. Send a hand, one head higher than the protagonist, not a good match. Therefore, it is very distressing mentally.

After his father's death, although there was a righteous father Tan Xinpei and many fathers who remembered the previous generation's divisions, they all had the heart to help him. Once, he was sent to play Li Wu in the "Evil Tiger Village", but when he was happily playing a play, he was seen by the main foot Huang Tianba, and he raised an objection to the steward, saying that Yang Chunfu was too tall, and when he arrived on the stage, he stood out like a flock, so why not stir up the play! After dressing up for the play, he also had to unload it.

Since then, Yang Xiaolou, who debuted, has been discouraged and decadent. The work is no longer practiced, the drama is no longer learned, and the garden is not entered. His original idea of inheriting his father's business became frozen in a harsh winter, so he quit his class and stopped working.

So, what to do? Either sleep at home with your head covered, or go out on the street. Mothers at home, but they are in a hurry, and if this continues, the future of the child will not be ruined! So he ran in many directions and found a martial arts actor Yang Gong who had an affair with his father, which pulled up Yang Sanyuan, who was in a decadent state.

Two

Yang Gong was also a martial artist, and at that time in the "Chuntai Class" was the second-way hard son of Yu Jusheng, a great wusheng, and Yang Yuelou promoted him when he was alive. When he heard Master Yang say this, he promised to help him with this, and personally set a schedule for practicing and learning drama with Sanyuan, and everything was taken by Yang Gong with Yang Sanyuan, and in the hard training of three more lights and five more chickens, he took the road in a few days. And encouraged, he said, "What's so bad about poking a tall man, playing a big martial artist is enough to be flamboyant!" He also said: "Your old man is not short, but he is known for his monkey play, so he has the nickname of 'Yang Monkey'." As long as the waist and legs have work, the tall can become smaller, and the short can also become larger. The feet on the stage are all trained and dressed up. After Yang Gong's enlightenment, Yang Sanyuan perked up again, and within a few months, Yang Sanyuan was alive and well again.

Then he made a group of colleagues of about the same age, and there were thirty-six people in total, including Guo Jixiang, Yan Lanqiu, Fan Baoting, Xu Deyi, Xue Fengchi, Gao Fu'an and others, then known as the "Thirty-Six Friends". In the case of mutual discussion, mutual influence, mutual encouragement, and mutual comparison of art, the art naturally has great benefits. Yang Gong, who had raised his hand, waited for the opportunity to speak to Yu Jusheng, the Great Wusheng.

Since Yang Sanyuan was Yang Yuelou's son, Yu Jusheng had been taught by Yang Erxi (Gong Wudan, Xiao Lou's grandfather), and was a brother in terms of generations, and he had a good friendship, as soon as he heard Yang Gong say this, he immediately agreed: "This kind of thing, there is no reason not to help." So I decided to take an apprentice, better. In this way, Yang Sanyuan visited the master. He knew their profession, and there was a saying: "The master leads into the door, and the practice is in the individual." From then on, he worked harder, and also followed master to play, flags, gongs, umbrellas, newspapers, and courtyard families. Side with hands, take out the bucket worm (flip bucket), bits and pieces of foot color, what to do. At this time, not only did Yang Gong tell him a play from the side, but his righteous father Tan Xinpei also encouraged him from time to time, telling him that everything on the stage had to start from the root, and repeatedly encouraged him not to be afraid of "small feet and only afraid of less work". Tan Xinpei can best understand their profession, and he is even more "not afraid of insufficient talent, only afraid of backward work." "Especially Yang Sanyuan's head, that kind of look, if you can't cultivate him to become a member of the great martial arts, the line of life and death on the stage, any big boss will not use him as a two-way job." Boss Tan was born in Wusheng, so he waited for the opportunity to put him off the Dawu life that he did not perform, and once he came out, he pointed out to him, and even taught him. At first, he had been observing whether the child of the three yuan could become a tool. If it is not a tool, teach him to give it away. At the same time, Yu Jusheng also saw this, so he also carefully cultivated this apprentice in this regard.

After all, Yang Sanyuan was a child with a career, and after a few years of hard work, the masters saw that he could go to the big drama. Fang Shi recommended to the "Baoshenghe" team, which was composed of Yang Ruiting's grandfather Yang Xiangcui, or the era of "Two Pots of Zizi and Pi Huang", at this time Yang Sanyuan had twenty-four or five, and he was of course very excited to get such an opportunity to perform. So I thought about starting a loud stage name.

In the past, the theater gardens all had their own fairly complete troupe organization. If there is no "heavy gift" to invite famous feet to serve as the starring role, the usual day is the theater troupe of the theater garden, as a performance. In the feet of the "heavy gold gift", if there are few people to bring, not only flags, gongs, umbrellas, and newspaper pieces, but also the team of the drama garden, often the drama code of the play, but also by the troupe of the theater garden. Under this opportunity, Yang Sanyuan was invited to enter "Baoshenghe". As for the stage name, he thought that his father was in the pear garden industry, and there was a nickname called "Yang Monkey", because his father's monkey was good at playing, so he had such a nickname: I am the son of the father, just called "Little Yang Monkey"! In this way, "Little Yang Monkey" was on the poster.

The three-day bubble drama is "Iron Cage Mountain", "Jia Jia Lou", "Picking Hua Che", and the achievements are remarkable! It can be said that it was a hit, and Yang Sanyuan stood in the seat of this great Wusheng. The following year (the 28th year of Guangxu), his righteous father Tan Tiantian pulled Yang Sanyuan to his side and entered Tan Xinpei's "Tongqing Class". Promoted by his righteous father, the drama code actually ranked second in the bottom, and his monkey play "Water Curtain Cave" ranked ahead of "Golden Beach".

After another year, in the twenty-ninth year of Guangxu, the little Yang monkey Yang Chunfu had already organized a class to break into the dock. Tianjin "Tianxia Immortal Tea Garden" put up a poster with the call for "heavy gold gifts", Yang Chunfu arrived in Tianjin with his self-organized troupe, and the dan foot was Cui Lingzhi, who performed a period vigorously, returned to Beijing with honors, and still returned to the "Baoshenghe" old owner to continue the performance.

The teachers and peers all looked at Yang Chunfu with astonishment, and no one pointed out him as a "tall man" anymore. Over the years, in addition to Yang Sanyuan's own hard work and perseverance, the tutelage of his mentor Yang Gong, Yu Jusheng and his righteous father Tan Xinpei should be the first to do. When he was on the same stage with Boss Tan in the Tongqing class, all the martial arts dramas that Boss Tan had performed in that year were repeated to him one after another, and in the arrangement of the drama code, not only ranked second in the finale, but also often ranked his drama code on the big axis. Once, Boss Tan's "Selling Horses" ranked second in the bottom, and Yang Sanyuan's "Iron Dragon Mountain" was ranked on the big axis. The reason why Boss Tan arranged this was that he wanted to hide behind the curtain to watch the three-yuan play after unloading the next play. After reading it, Jiang Wei, who saw this dry son, because of his large body, solid work foundation, raised his hands and feet, and was also happy, and the real body of Dawusheng was presented. It is only the song "Eight Voices ganzhou" that dominates the stargazing, but only the first half of the sentence "Yang Wei is brave" is sung in the sound of the instrument. This is a clichéd acting method, and this play is not a work break for Dawusheng. So Boss Tan shook his head and sighed when he saw this. When he left, he took care of the backstage steward and informed Sanyuan to go to his house after the play. When asked, as I guessed, he couldn't sing this piece yet. So Boss Tan read it out word by word and taught him. On the one hand, talking about the lyric connotation of this "eight-voice Ganzhou" should be performed with the ups and downs of the musical instrument rhythm, one move at a time, using slow motion and clear rhythm. On the one hand, he made moves such as hand, eye, body, law, and step singing and composing for sanyuan. After that, he taught Yang Sanyuan one move at a time.

During the singing period of the Tongqing class, Tan Xinpei's son had used Tan Xiaopei as his stage name, xiaopei and Yang Sanyuan were also classmates of the "Xiao Rongchun" class, and their stage name in the science was Tan Chunfu, so Yang Sanyuan (Chunfu) also changed his stage name to Yang Xiaolou, but the nickname "Xiaoyang Monkey" was still passed on in the mouth. At the age of twenty-nine, he was elected to the Inner Court Shengping Bureau as an errand boy, under the name of "Foreign Learning Teaching". After entering the palace, the first play was the monkey play "Water Curtain Cave", and the second play was "Longboard Slope", which was very appreciated by Empress Dowager Cixi, saying: "This little Yang monkey monster is good." ”

When the Guangxu Emperor and Empress Dowager Cixi succeeded to the throne, the new emperor xuantong succeeded to the throne, and the Shengping Bureau was no longer operational. Such "offering" feet in the inner court also naturally lived in the city. At this time, the old "Sixi Class" was reverted out of the theater, and Yang Xiaolou took this "Comeback Four Joy Class", and there were old students Xu Yintang, Qingyi Sun Yiyun, Hua Dan Yao Peiqiu, Hua Face Huang Runfu, Qian Jinfu, Xiaosheng Feng Huilin, Old Dan Xie Baoyun, Ugly King Changlin, etc., all of whom were first-class celebrities at that time, and at this time, the little Yang Monkey was officially listed as Yang Xiaolou, he was a martial artist, often in double rows, long and short, exposed every day. Because of his profound work, he dressed heroically and learned to play on stage, both the way and the creativity. Deeply appreciated by fans. Unfortunately, the "Four Joy Class" came back for three years and was scattered!

At that time, the Republic of China, Shanghai has become a bustling city, a new style of stage appeared, Yang Xiaolou was invited to shanghai "Big Stage" to perform with Lü Yueqiao and Bai Wenkui, the wind evaluation is good. Although some people praise it as the current "unique" Daitakes, it is a pity that he has not yet been able to make the gold list in the drama critics. However, after returning to Beiping from Shanghai, he planned to organize his own class to choose alone. Moreover, he invested his savings to build a new stage of the Shanghai Theater, and he had to be the stage master himself and go through the camp.

Three

In the spring of the third year of the Republic of China, Yang Xiaolou, Yao Peiqiu, Yin Yuexian and others, in the West Willow Tree Well outside the front gate of Beiping, the "First Stage" built by Yi Zi was completed, and the seats were benches sitting in rows, not the tea garden with square tables and stools, and the stage was also Western-style, and the set could be installed. On June 9, he named his team "Tao Yong Society", and the lineup included Xu Yintang, Wang Fengqing, Shen Huaxuan, Qian Junshan, He Guixian, Jia Honglin, Cheng Jixian, Qian Jinfu, Zhu Youfen, Lu Sanbao, Wang Yaoqing, etc., all of whom were handsome. I don't want the day and night drama to start before the fire candle disaster occurs. Naturally, the play of The Emperor cannot be performed.

After the disaster, the repairs began to be carried out again in early July.

Yang Xiaolou presided over the operation of "The First Stage" for six years. During these six years, many new plays were indeed rehearsed, such as "Take Nan County" four consecutive stages, playing the Three Kingdoms era zhou yu raised an army to attack the south county, Cao Ren, Chen Jiao, and other tricks to trick Zhou Yu into the city, was injured by an arrow, and desperately tried to get out. Yu was injured to recuperate, pretending to be seriously injured and died, luring Cao Ren and others to rob the camp, Ren turned into Zhongfu, and fled in defeat. Yu was about to take Nan Commandery directly, but Kong Ming had already sent Zhao Yun to occupy it, and had already obtained the Cao Concealment Soldier Charm from the defeated general Chen Jiao, and sent Jing Xiangshou to Nan Commandery by deception, while Zhang Fei and Guan Yu took advantage of the false possession of Jingxiang. Zhou Yu's army arrived, and the city was already the banner of the Han army, and he vomited blood and left. It is also known as "One Qi Zhou Yu" in this play, which is the fiftieth plot of the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". All genres have this repertoire. Yang Xiaolou adapted it and divided it into four days of performance, he played Zhao Yun, others were Wang Fengqing (as Kong Ming), Jia Honglin (as Guan Yu), De Junru (as Zhou Yu), Qian Jinfu (as Zhang Fei), at the same time, Yang Xiaolou also played a fold of short plays in the opening scene in front, such as "Huai'an Fu" and "Baishan". The seat is not bad. In these six years, Liu Hongsheng and Tan Xinpei have both joined his "Tao Yong Society" performance in "The First Stage". Mei Lanfang also joined the performance. He has cooperated with Mei in "Five Flowers Cave", and Yang played a foot as a judge. Although it is not sung much, one of the sentences, "General Yuan Shi General Descends the Nine Xiaos," is sung in two, two, three sentences, and the "lower" character of "Lower Nine Xiao" is turned over in Hu Guangyin, and the commentators say: "The balance of its breath and the crispness of its spout are really like cranes singing nine gao, as if God will descend from the sky." ”

Yang Xiaolou has no children, and has a daughter-in-law, Liu Yanfang (stage name Xiao Wutong, who was originally an old student who quit acting due to weak voice. Originally an insider, when Yang Xiaolou ran "The First Stage", he was sent as a backstage manager. Based on the fact that there was a fire at the beginning of the "Tao Yong Society", although it was repaired and reopened for business, I always wondered what the name of this society was committing? It was inconvenient to change the name immediately, and in the winter of the fifth year of the Republic of China, Liu Yanfang suggested that Taiyue change the name of the "Tao Yong Society" to "Tong Xin She", of course, the ban she also underwent some adjustments, and at the end of the year, Wang Fengqing and Mei Lanfang were invited to the "First Stage" to join the lineup of the "Tong Xin Society" to stage, Yang's long rely on short play, but also at any time between the Wang and Mei plays, and even in the opening of the gong play, often a double play. Of course, his masterpieces such as "Sunny Building (Take Gordon)", "An Tian Hui (Monkey Play)", "Serial Set", etc., are also discharged from time to time. In particular, in order to promote the younger generation, he would rather play a supporting role to help the solidity of the drama.

According to the play "Spring and Autumn Matching", there are more than forty performances, so Mei Lanfang performed for the first time in "The First Stage", divided into two performances, Zhang Yanxing's foot, is a classmate of Xiaosheng Li Chunfa, who first learned literature and then changed his martial arts, once passed the examination for martial arts, but was taken by the Daoge, so he went to the Jijia Mountain to fall into the grass for Kou, waiting for the opportunity to take revenge. Li Chunfa advised not to listen, only by him. Although the whole drama has a play up and down, the industry is played by wusheng, there are very few places that can play the martial growth talent, on singing, the previous book only has a few paragraphs of four sentences of the head of the rocking board, on the work, more without the effort, although the next book has a martial arts fight, in the plot is only across the river to see the trick. Even if it is a hard fight, it will not show good. The whole plot is the story of a talented woman, and it is not necessary for wusheng to show off martial arts. Honestly, three-way foot is enough. However, Yang Xiaolou was willing to take on the role of Zhang Yanxing's foot color to hold Mei. Of course, he was the boss of "First Stage", and he took the lead in order to make his feet hard. Seriously speaking, it is actually "those who are good at writing do not choose the pen", "those who have artists do not choose drama", and the strong are not arrogant.

After Wang Fengqing and Mei Lanfang finished performing this issue, the newly picked feet were also the choice of the year, including Liu Hongsheng, Wang Yaoqing, Wang Huifang, Wang Youchen, Guan Dayuan, Gao Qingkui, as well as Lao Dan Gong Yunfu, Dan Foot Shang Xiaoyun, Bai Peony (Xun Huisheng), etc. Yang Xiaolou in this period, newly arranged "Chu Han Controversy", this drama was adapted from the Ming Dynasty legend "Qianjin Ji". Yang plays the King of Chu and Shang Xiaoyun plays Yu Ji, and is also divided into two performances, the upper book starts from the overlord sitting in the tent and ends at the Nine Mile Mountain. Shimomoto was trapped in the Nine Mile Mountain, knowing that he had gone to Han Xin to send Li Zuoche to lure the soldiers into a desperate situation, but he had already repented! The focus of the performances of the upper and lower books is on the artistic road of martial arts, which is naturally not the same as the "Overlord Farewell" that later cooperated with Mei Lanfang's performance!

Due to the new equipment of "The First Stage", the performance of "Chu Han Zheng" also used lighting sets.

Yang Xiaolou also rehearsed eight copies of "Mixed Yuan Box" in "The First Stage", originally titled "Explaining the Tao and Eliminating Evil", which is a festival play performed by the Dragon Boat Festival court, and a Kunqu book. Later, it was adapted, adjusted the color of the feet, increased the martial arts, and performed eight consecutive stages. The advertisement is the Yu family's private room play performed by the Yu Pai.

There are also "Jia Jia Lou", "Qilin Pavilion", "Cuiping Mountain", "Golden Leopard", "Wu Wenhua", and "Four Jie Village" in "Hongbi Yuan", etc., which are also rehearsed during this period.

In the eighth year of the Republic of China, the debt of "The First Stage" finally dragged down Boss Yang and had to sell. Therefore, he reorganized the class, renamed "Zhongxing Society" to perform in the "Sanqingyuan" outside the front door, the old student was Wang Youchen, and Gao Qingkui, performed "Five People's Righteousness", "Long Plate Slope" and other big plays, and in August he re-approached the corner, and went south to Shanghai, because of the color of his feet, including Tan Xiaopei, Shang Xiaoyun, Bai Peony (Xun Huisheng) and others, it was called "Three Small and One White Under Jiangnan". This time in Shanghai, the performance results were better than the last time I received the wind reviews, and there have been many comments, which are named Yang Xiaolou to make propositions. A drama critic with the pen name Liu Yi, in the "Declaration" "Free Talk" supplement, talked about the play with "East Hedge Xuan Miscellaneous", heard that Yang Xiaolou would perform in Shanghai next month, wrote two comments on Yang's art as a welcome. Recorded on the left:

1. Yang Xiaolou's teaching method and his unique art

Those who study drama should have a teacher, the foundation is rooted, and then seek change, then they will get it! Yang Xiaolou's Sect Elder Yu (Ju Sheng) is not as pure as Shang Heyu, but where qi ke is self-exciting, it really has the ability to glow. Yu was most impressed that he could excel in laziness. Every time, there are only a few hands, but simple and vigorous, fascinating. The white mouth is clear and matchless, and it can be mourned according to the plot; the singing is also there and the mourning pear is cut. His attainments are indeed idle with those who specialize in messing around. Therefore, the insider does not respect it. As for the calmness of the instrument, there is no good courage and fierce disease, especially superior.

2. Yang Xiaolou's bullying, walking, riding horses

Wu Sheng pays attention to three things, one is to dominate, the second is to go to the side, and the third is to ride the horse. Probably the starting bully should be steady, the walking side should be fluent, the horse should be settled, and the total success should be clean. If you are stable and cannot be clean, you will lose it. Yu Jusheng's rise and fall, Li Chunlai's walking, Huang Runfu's horse (Note 12), (Huang Feiwusheng's "Zhan Wancheng" is excellent, so it is discussed.) Non-metropolitan people are said to be the three best! However, it is longer than the hegemon. It may not be longer than walking, and those who are good at walking on the side may not be longer than horses. This cover is also learned by each person because of the difference between the tie and the short fight. There is a bias. Compared with the martial arts, only Yang Xiaolou can attach equal importance to all three. If Shang and Yu zhi dominate, Gai called the heavens to go to the side, not bad and wonderful, but in the end can not be as heavy as the small building is more important than the three is a pity!

Yang Xiaolou performed in Shanghai for more than a month, and he was invited by Hankou. Nong returned to Beijing at the end of the year and cooperated with Yu Shuyan to perform plays such as "Eight Sledgehammers".

However, "Zhongxing Society" also had two years and broke up again. At the beginning of the eleventh year of the Republic of China, he cooperated with Mei Lanfang in "Chonglin Society", and the two surnames of Yangmei were both wooden, so they merged with the two trees to form a "forest", and named "Chonglin Society" to cooperate again. Wang Fengqing, Jiang Miaoxiang and others had complete feet, so they discussed the reorganization of his performance of "Chu Han Controversy", renamed "Overlord Farewell", and was staged in "The First Stage" in Xicheng on February 15 of that year, which caused a sensation in the Nine Cities. On April 16, it was performed again in "Auspicious Garden" in Dongcheng.

Unfortunately, within a few months, Mei Lanfang withdrew herself to set up a class society, called "Chenghua Society" to single out the original. Yang Xiaolou also had to reorganize, renamed "Songqing Society", and the teams of Yang and Mei were staged in stages at the "Enlightened Theater" venue in Xizhu City. Yang's Dan foot was joined by Lin Haoqing from Shanghai, of course, Yang's old brothers around him, or such old friends, his masterpieces such as "Eight Wax Temple", "An Tianhui", "Yanyang Lou", "Hongbi Yuan" and "Long Plate Slope", "Serial Set", "Evil Tiger Village", as well as the long and short folding drama "Picking Hua Che", "Falling Horse Lake", the new platoon of "Lin Chong Night Run", etc., plus he assisted the newly joined Dan Foot Zhu Qinxin, the new drama "Chen Yuanyuan", Yang with Wu Sangui. Zhu Qinxin, Hou Xirui and Wang Changlin performed "Famen Temple", and Yang played Zhao Lian.

During the "Songqingshe" period, Boss Yang always followed the talent of the new corner to schedule the program. For example, Xun Huisheng joined the camp, he launched the play "Zhan Wancheng", when he followed Tan Xinpei and Yu Jusheng, the color of his feet was Dianwei, and now he plays Zhang Xiu, Xun Huisheng's aunt Zou, Qian Jinfu Dianwei, Xu Deyi's Xu Chu, and Wang Changlin's Hu Che. Boss Yang's Zhang Xiu also left a model for posterity. It's just that the play "Farewell to the Overlord", since the breakup with Mei Lanfang, although he and other feet such as Xue Yanqin and Lu Sujuan have cooperated with Boss Yang in the play "Farewell to the Overlord", they are not as good as Mei Lanfang's Yu Ji, in order to set off Yang Xiaoba's heroic temperament of "Overlord". One can imagine the essence of the synthesis of theatrical art.

The reason why famous feet are not casually and easier to match their hands in their lives is that they are also art.

Four

Mr. Yang Mi Ding Bingtai, who wrote a special article "On Yang Xiaolou", believes that Yang Xiaolou's stage art can be called "unprecedented", on the grounds that the Jingban foot has been active on the stage for twenty-six years with the help of martial arts and has been active on the stage for twenty-six years. If this argument is based on Yang Xiaolou's stage art, it is not exaggerated. In fact, in terms of the dynamics of Yang Xiaolou's stage life in his life, since he returned home from Shanghai in the first year of the Republic of China (1912), from the beginning of the formation of the class society, to the death of the 27th year of the Republic of China (1938) on February 14 (the fifteenth day of the first lunar month). The group consisted of "Tao Yong Society", "Tong Xin Society", "Zhongxing Society", "Chonglin Society", "Songqing Society", "Shuangsheng Society", "Zhongqing Society" and "Yongsheng Society", with a total of eight times. He also collaborated with friends to create a new stage in Beijing ("The First Stage"). Judging from the root causes of Yang's actions, in a word, he is all for the purpose of developing his ideals of drama. It can be said that the reorganization of his class is not to readjust the color of his feet, or to cooperate with his feet. For example, the cooperation between "Chonglin Society" and Mei Lanfang, and the cooperation between "Shuangsheng Society" and Yu Shuyan, were reorganized into "Zhongqing Society" the following year, and the old student was replaced by Gao Qingkui. The reason why the last "Yongsheng Society" has not been reorganized since the sixteenth year of the Republic of China (1927) until the end of the world is because Yang's evening is no longer so harsh in the early years for the color of the matching feet. Moreover, the creations that have been painstakingly discharged over the past thirty years have gradually taken shape, and the old brothers around them have all had quasi-scores, and what they want to continue to do is to trim and cut them so that they do not branches.

Mr. Ding Bingtao's "On Yang Xiaolou" article, based on the life of Yang's Dawu, in addition to the two major sects of long and short, there are no more face dramas and cooperative dramas (playing foot colors in group plays), as well as monkey plays and new plays in the group. He commented on his skills on stage one by one, according to the categories of foot color.

WuSheng's long-term reliance on drama is the foot color of the general's identity, so it must be based on performance. For example, Zhao Yun of "Long Plate Slope", Zhang Xiu of "Zhan Wancheng", Ma Chao of "Jizhou City", Gao Pet of "Picking Hua Che", Qin Qiong of "Qilin Pavilion", Guan Ping of "Qingshi Mountain", and Tang Bi of "Jia Jia Lou", are all famous dramas of Yang Xiaolou.

These long-reliant martial arts plays, their respective storylines are different, their identities are different, although they all have big leanings, the weapons in their hands are different from the tactics, besides, the singing also has the difference between Pi Huang Kunqu, the instruments also have flute whistles and the accompaniment of HuQin, which is different from the color of the feet played, and each has its own different performance during the performance.

When the army of Changbanpo was defeated and displaced, the Yang clan spent the first night in the deserted countryside to defend their families. The recitation of Liu Bei's words: "Lord, and do not be sad, and keep important and tight." In addition to the bright voice, the face also brings out the expression of loyalty to the country. Liu Bei sighed and sang there, while Zhao Yun sometimes closed his eyes and pretended to sleep, sometimes alertly patrolling. Xiao Lou also showed his bold and careful sense of responsibility for defending. Another one, in the meeting with Mrs. Mi, is even more wonderful. At that time, the time was urgent, and the master mother had to persuade her to get on the horse, but she could not be forced. In the urging, it is necessary to retain the division between the monarch and the courtiers, and wait until Lady Mi delivers it with Ah Dou, just about to take it, and when she thinks it is wrong, she hurriedly swings her hands and bows, and is terrified and does not dare to take it. Because Zhao Yun had already guessed Lady Mi's intentions at this time, he planned to avoid the burden by dying. Intellectually inevitable! In fact, how could Zhao Yun bear it? At this time, Yang Xiaolou dressed up as Zhao Yun's face with a panicked and painful expression, and put on a movie term, which was really an 'inner performance'. When Lady Mi put Ah Dou on the ground, Zhao Yun immediately staggered forward to pick up Ah Dou from the ground, and at that time Lady Mi had already jumped on the well stone to jump into the well. Zhao Yun held Ah Dou in one hand again, stepped forward, reached out and grabbed the drapery, the person had already gone down the well, he turned and fell to his knees, his body was beautiful and clean, and he was full of color.

As for Zhang Xiu of "Battle Wancheng" and Yang Xiaolou's performance, the highlights are even more different. When Wancheng could not be protected and had to descend, it was already a disgrace. I didn't want my aunt to be robbed by Cao Bing again, and when I heard the family yard report, "There is a group of soldiers today, and I have robbed my wife!" Zhang Xiu, while scolding the old servant Hu Tu, said to himself that it was Cao Ying's work. So he called up the board with "preparing the horse to serve" and sang four sentences to shake the board to see Cao Cao. First, I heard the newspaper that the prime minister had not yet gotten up, and then his face began to change. When he saw Cao, he asked, "Ah, Xiang Xiang, after days of exertion, will you sleep peacefully?" The mood of inquiring about the whereabouts of the aunt was expressed in these few words of depression and frustration. Wait until Chunmei tea comes in, meet a surprise to put down the tea tray (some dropped tea trays) and run back, Zhang Xiu looked at two, Cao Cao blocked from it, the three people's body performance has "shame", tacit understanding of each other is just right, the stage then exploded the hall color sound. Mr. Ding Bingtai commented on the performance of Yang Xiaolou's essence in this scene, saying: "At this time, Xiao lou's expression has already revealed that he knows that his aunt has been snatched by Cao Cao, so he is angry and bears it by confirming it. Cao Cao then further tried to test Zhang Xiu as an uncle and nephew. Xiao Lou put Zhang Xiu's kind of mind of putting up with it again and again, and refusing to be small and intolerant, and then chaotic and big-plan, ququ came out and was meticulous. In the end, the aunt was full of anger, and vented the anger of the defeat and humiliation of the soldiers on the Zou family. ...... Therefore, this big group drama "Zhan Wancheng" is also one of Yang Xiaolou's masterpieces. It is also a play that Yang Xiaolou often shows.

Speaking of Ma Chao in "Jizhou City", the emotion of "anger" performed is even more different. Watching the wife of the city be killed under the city, and throwing the bodies of the slain people down the city one by one, this drama should be so hot. Playing Ma Chao not only has to fall over and hold the zombies again and again, but also has to sing piece by piece. Not only must there be armed workers, but also singers. However, after all, this play is not something that actors away from fifty years away can often show. There are also Kunqu operas such as "Picking Hua Che", "Ning Wu Guan", "Qilin Pavilion", etc., which are the housekeeper plays of martial artists, and Yang Xiaolou also has his unique frame performances. I won't go into detail here.

When it comes to Yang Xiaolou's short play, it is necessary to take "Serial Set" and "Evil Tiger Village" as the signature plays of the so-called "martial arts literary singing". In the guanmu of short martial arts dramas, there is the term "Badana", which refers to the drama of capturing QiangLiang with Huang Tianba as the protagonist, such as "Zhengzhou Temple", "Luo (Luo) Mahu", "XueJiawo", "DongchangFu", "Yin Jiabao", "Bawangzhuang", "Huai'an Mansion", "Eight Wax Temple", etc., but the statements are inconsistent, and Most of Huang Tianba's plays are. Like "Serial Set" and "Evil Tiger Village", aren't they also Huang Tianba's plays? A play like "Serial Set" can also be said to be "Na Dou Er Dun".

According to the play "Serial Set", it is one of the stories in the novel "Shi Gong Case". Writing about the difficulty of the chivalrous Huang Santai fighting to rescue the Qing official Peng Peng, the green forest group rises from the wind, the only Dou Erdun is not convinced, the two meet in the Li family shop to compete, Dou loses, greatly hurts his self-esteem, hides in the mountains and forests, and practices martial arts to stand in the village. In order to avenge Huang Lao'er's defeat of him, he actually stole the imperial horse of liang Jiugong, and left a message saying that he wanted to know the horse thieves, and Huang Santai knew about it. At this time, Huang Tianba was deceased, and his son Huang Tianba was shi Gong's men who hunted fast, so he handed over the case to Huang Tianba to investigate and arrest the horse thieves. Therefore, the story has the plot of this drama, such as hunting around the line, the theft of the royal horse, the investigation of the bully to solve the case, the serial set of worship, the competition to steal the hook, the tie of hands and confess the guilt and other plots. Yang's and once added the beginning and end, the title of the play "Jiangdu County" was performed for two consecutive days. Because this play was poured into a record in the early years of the Republic of China, there are "Horse Theft", "Baishan" and other folds, Hao Shouchen's Dou Erdun, so this play is even more well-known. To this day, you can still hear the radio broadcast from time to time when Yang Shi was in Baishan, and Hao Shouchen's large section of Daobai (dialogue), as well as two pieces of rocking board, flowing water singing, it always feels that the performers of today, although everyone is also Zongzhi, but this singing voice cavity, can not compete with Yang and Hao! As for the body on the stage, it is even more futile to make the old drama myths have been heard.

Mr. Ding Bingtai commented on Yang's performance of this play, saying: "Huang Tianba of Yang Xiaolou, first of all, looks up, and reveals shrewdness and carefulness in handsomeness. The first (referring to the first one of Huang Tianba's) "five chairs" (Shangguan Tai, Ji Quan, He Lutong, Zhu Guangzu and Huang Tianba) came up to read the poem: "Dan Xin Destroys Kou Sweeps Away The Adultery", "Sweep" The word is tall, and only this sentence is pronounced on the field. (The four people on the field have one sentence each, and Tianba reads the first sentence first.) Five people confessed, the second hall passed the word, and the adult ascended to the church. At the divine command, when he finished reading the commandment, he knelt down and listened, and he faced inward and turned his back outward. Only to see his head tap and shake slightly, and finally his head did not move, and the pompom on the helmet was bald and trembling, showing the inner excitement of Tianba Wenzhi step by step. Every time you perform this, the audience will be full of colorful sounds. Then modify the four sentences of flowing water when bidding farewell to the adult (thank you for the great kindness of the adult, the loyalty and filial piety of the son of the ancient, this can not catch the thief party, willing to confess what is the obstacle, the ancient fame. The next two sentences of the rocking board: "Farewell to the adults to put it right away, successfully come back and ask Ankang again." "The last three words (ask an ankang) will inevitably drag a long cavity, and it will inevitably be cool, and it will also be colored." Although the noise of Yang Xiaolou is high in the clouds, it is not round but slightly left, so there is a "cool tone" sound. But in Yang Xiaolou's singing voice, it has become a feature. Therefore, every time there is a "cool tone", there must be a color sound.

Short martial arts drama is more to say than to rely on tricks. Huang Tianba alone led the repertoire, no less than thirty, and other "Water Margin" novels and "Hongbiyuan" novels, such as "Wild Boar Forest", "Lin Chong Night Run", "Four Jie Village", etc., Yang Xiaolou also has his original art, of which "Evil Tiger Village" is the most representative of its short play.

According to "Evil Tiger Village", an earlier script of Peking Opera, Yang Zhengang, a wusheng during the Daoguang years, wrote and performed it according to the novel "Shi Gong Case". The story is written about the evil tiger's Pu Tiandiao and Wu Tianqiu abducting Ling Shishilun of Jiangdu County, who is passing by, to avenge the murder of Brother Green Forest. Huang Tianba, who was also a brother, found the Evil Tiger Village in order to rescue Lord Shi, so he fought with Pu and Wu, killed Pu and Wu, and set fire to the zhuangyuan. The plot is lamented by every commentator!

Famous artists such as Huang Yueshan, Yu Jusheng, tan Xinpei have all acted in this play, and Yang Xiaolou's play can be said to have come from itself, but in terms of performance style, the operation is more solid.

Yang Xiaolou's Huang Tianba in this play, first, when walking on the side, the performance of "Ten Sounds in the Sky" is like a storm, which makes people dizzy and deaf. Reading the four sentences of the poem while doing the body, finger painting with hands and feet, turning left and right, the body in such a complex and symmetrical balance, revealing both side style and subtle bright dance posture. There is also the body of the back of the knife, which is fast and tight, and the wind is impenetrable and the rain does not leak, and people have to applaud when they look at it. Of course, what connoisseurs want to see is Yang Xiaolou's expression between the eyebrows on his face and the voice on his mouth, which is particularly breathtaking.

In September of the eighth year of the Republic of China, he performed these two plays on the Shanghai Tiantou Stage, and one commentator wrote this comment: "In Yu Yu's martial arts drama, he loves the 'serial set' and 'evil tiger village', with its tight structure, fascinating everywhere, and no gongs and drums. Therefore, Fan Wusheng is a good actor of the second drama, and the view is more unique than Yang Xiaolou's sigh of observation. At this point, the art is not exciting! Li Jirui's 'serial set' does have something to be collected, especially his face has no drama, which is particularly subtractive. Occasionally, Nian Bai suffered from a sluggish disease. And a lot of fire. Flaws and yu see each other, and the end is not complete. He also called Tiantian clean hands, beautiful walking, for the 'Evil Tiger Village' of the Yellow Tianba, self-sufficiency, and the face and mouth, more under Ji Rui! It is not easy to get it, and the more Xiaoqi is, the more it is cherished in society. (Liu Yizhi's "East Hedge Xuan Miscellaneous" review.) ）

Yang Xiaolou's martial arts hook face drama is more elegant and charming in his talent.

Wusheng hook face drama, when Jiang Wei of "Iron Dragon Mountain", Gao Deng of "Yanyang Lou", leopard of "Golden Leopard", Dianwei of "Zhan Wancheng", Zhong Kui of "Zhong Kui Marrying Sister", also related to ye drama and monkey play. Sometimes, Wusheng also crossed Zhang Fei and other foot colors.

Yang Xiaolou's "Iron Cage Mountain" is not only Yu Jusheng's teacher's biography, but also has been adjusted by Tan Xinpei, which has been mentioned before. Coupled with Yang's hard work and exercise, this play has long become Yang's masterpiece. Yang's kind of drama, if not posted, is already there, as long as it is posted, it is always accompanied by a head and tail, starting from "Grass Uphill", followed by "Rising Hegemony and Watching the Stars", followed by "Red Partial Palace", played by Hao Shouchen as Sima Shi, and the repertoire is "Ding Zhongyuan" connecting "Iron Cage Mountain" to call "Nine Central Plains". If nothing else, just seeing "Nine Cuts in the Central Plains" in the drama newspaper (from "Red Partial Palace" to "Iron Cage Mountain") has also caused the fans of the drama to salivate!

The other is "Sunny House" (take Gordon), Gordon is Gao Li's clumsy disciple, learning to fist and foot, playing with knives and guns, making sticks, loving fishing, and robbing beautiful women when he sees them. The rebels raised their swords and killed them, and lao tzu was a powerful vassal of Song Tianzi, so he became a bully in Kaifeng Province. On this day, he snatched the sister of Xu Shiying, the blue-faced tiger, met Hua Fengchun and a few arrogant boys who were uneven, and saw that Gordon was so bad that he was very upset, so he joined hands with each other and entered the Gao family, and actually got rid of Gordon. This play is played by Yang Xiaolou as Gordon, and the few words of recitation and fixed poems on the scene can show the arrogant and fiery breath of a flower and flower in the eyes on his body and face. Follow the action of getting on the horse at the end of the game, and then shout "Flash away!" "The domineering momentum that wants pedestrians to give way paints the evil image of this playboy." In the music of "A Letter of a Book", the opening of the back, one to five, stepping on the melody of the music, one move after another in a meticulous manner. After appearing on the beautiful frame again and again, the audience couldn't help but applaud when they watched.

Therefore, the play "Sunny House" is also a classic work of Yang Pai.

"Golden Leopard" is a fierce beast that has become a fine, and Gao Deng, who is very different from "Sunny Building", is very different in image, Yang Xiaolou's tall face is long, hooking up the leopard face, which is particularly large. At a glance, it will be intimidating, there are two thorny fangs in the mouth, when and where they come out, the true character is fierce, and the appearance of the signing up to read the fixed poem, Mr. Ding Bingtai said: "Reading is roaring like thunder, a faction of demons." "When this play fights with the monkey, there is a flying fork thrown one by one, the iron fork is a real steel fork, the foot of the monkey is played, and the golden leopard is a pair, and it must be tacit enough, otherwise, the performance cannot be wonderful." Yang Xiaolou performed in Shanghai for the first time in the first year of the Republic of China, and in a period of more than 40 days, he discharged five "Golden Leopards", and then performed one session in Shanghai in the eighth year of the Republic of China, only once.

When it comes to monkey plays, Yang Xiaolou's head seems to be unsuitable for monkey plays, but Yang Xiaolou's monkey plays, such as "An Tianhui" and "Water Curtain Cave", are also Yang's blockbuster plays. His play was learned from his predecessor Zhang Qilin, a martial artist, and this play was originally the old book of Kunqu Opera, and it took hundreds of people to go up to the mountain. Ordinary team members are not enough to act.

The first scene of "Monkey King", dressed mangly, must have a kingly appearance in the body. The following "Stealing Peach" and "Stealing Dan", changing into monkey fur color short clothes, singing in the song card, to perform the agile beating of monkey life, the monkey action of hairy hands and feet, and the lyrics. A pair of monkey eyes between the chants and the incessant scratching of the hands must be performed one by one. Stealing peaches, drinking alcohol, and swallowing Dan, although he is in the form of a monkey, he does not forget that he already has the spirituality of a human being, and he knows that this disaster is not small, so let me escape. Yang Xiaolou can be clearly layered. In addition to the Heavenly Soldier Heavenly General's arrest of him, in one set after another of serious fights, he had to learn about the fairy's walking, he had to learn about the old immortal's dragon clock, and he wanted to tease the giant spirit's inflexible actions. There is also a confrontation with the Heavenly Soldier Heavenly General, Yang Xiaolou is to change the big leaning, a venue confrontation, the Heavenly King stands on a high platform, singing a paragraph, playing a paragraph, the connoisseur said "Singing the Dead Heavenly King Exhausting Monkeys", which refers to the "An Tianhui" play. Nowadays, "An Tianhui" has been cut so that the King of Heaven does not have to sing, and the monkeys do not have to play so many sets with the Eight Heavenly Generals of the Heavenly Hills.

Five

In the not-so-small universe of Peking Opera, Yang Xiaolou is known as a "generation grandmaster" of martial arts, and cheng is a well-deserved figure. Some people think that Yang Xiaolou's martial arts skills can be called "unprecedented", which is not excessive. Then, from the biography of Yang Xiaolou's life, this person has been racing for more than fifty years in terms of drama and art, from the age of eight to the age of sixty-one, and most of the time in between, he is in the position of "boss". First of all, he built his own theater as the boss, and again and again he organized his own class as the boss, but in terms of drama art, he did not hang his head card on the drama code every day, he was just a martial artist, only playing the drama of his martial arts line, and the play based on the old shengdan foot, he still went to the supporting foot. In the years when he hosted "The First Stage", he often ranked his martial arts drama in the first show in the opening, but he used that multi-team to help him rehearse the big play, and the group of division brothers around him, the old partners, and the nineteen were united together. This is the reason why Yang Xiaolou has achieved the ultimate reason why Yang Xiaolou has reached the realm of "unprecedented queen" in drama art. Of course, it is more due to Yang Xiaolou's unremitting learning and his superior wisdom, day by day to drill and create, and eventually become a great instrument.

In the early years of the Republic of China, a commentator said: "Xiao Lou is good at Zen learning, does not like to socialize, and performs dramas without smoke and fire, that is, caused by his learning and cultivation." It is similar that the theater world changes with the social trend, and there is no enterprising spirit and no hope of survival. It is a famous question, the mechanics do not quit, and "Overlord Farewell", "ZhuangYuanyin", "An Tianhui", "Five People Righteousness" and other good dramas, so that the art of art dedicated to the stage. When he first rehearsed "An Tian Hui" (Ding Wei – Autumn 1917), the people of the capital city praised it greatly. Soon, Tianyuan Hired Hao Zhenji, a high-caliber class, to perform this play, and won the reputation of a living monkey. Yu Zeng said goodbye, except for stealing a peach and the monkey god came alive, there was no benefit. And different from the performance of Xiao Lou, a high cavity and a Kunqu opera, the high cavity field is less, the Kunqu opera field is more, and one has a body, if it is roughly compared, the Small Lou really wins more. Half a year later, Xiao Lou played the "An Tianhui" in the big axis in the volunteer play held by the wife of a certain minister, and when he went to the play, it was half past midnight, and there were no guests leaving, although the foreign guests also sat and moved, all of which ended at the end of the play. Hao is not able to reach it! Gu Xiaolou's diligent learning, superior intelligence, and it is really difficult to look at it! (Liu Yizhi's "East Hedge Xuan Miscellaneous")

Others, such as Mr. Ding Bingtai, quoted Yu Shuyan, a famous foot in the drama industry, to talk about Yang Xiaolou, and there is a paragraph that says: "Yang Xiaolou is completely talented, can sing martial arts, and some figures are aware of God;and in his acting, it is very simple and beautiful, how to do it right." Others really can't learn, and it is useless to learn, so his skills can only be appreciated, never learned. This is the slander of insiders, so Hou Zhiwusheng dared to call on the audience with Yang Pai, in my mind, there are only two People, Gao Shenglin and Sun Yujian, and Goldman Sachs Lin has his and Yan Huizhu's co-performance of "Farewell to the Overlord" A drama that models Yang's voice, which still sounds a bit similar.

Yang Xiaolou